Waiting for test results before isolating patients with Clostridium difficile disease may be associated with increased transmission

Clostridium difficile is an infection that is associated with environmental contamination. Rapid isolation is recommended to prevent transmission. UK Guidelines state that patients with suspected infection should be isolated within two hours of the onset of symptoms [1], however they also state that the diarrhoea should not be clearly attributable to another cause. This can cause confusion and in busy clinical settings diarrhoea can be attributed to the administration of laxatives and other causes, meaning that patients may not be isolated until after a positive test result is received

A study of the stress wave factor technique for nondestructive evaluation of composite materials

The acousto-ultrasonic method of nondestructive evaluation is an extremely sensitive means of assessing material response. Efforts continue to complete the understanding of this method. In order to achieve the full sensitivity of the technique, extreme care must be taken in its performance. This report provides an update of the efforts to advance the understanding of this method and to increase its application to the nondestructive evaluation of composite materials. Included are descriptions of a novel optical system that is capable of measuring in-plane and out-of-plane displacements, an IBM PC-based data acquisition system, an extensive data analysis software package, the azimuthal variation of acousto-ultrasonic behavior in graphite/epoxy laminates, and preliminary examination of processing variation in graphite-aluminum tubes

A study of the stress wave factor technique for evaluation of composite materials

The acousto-ultrasonic approach for nondestructive evaluation provides a measurement procedure for quantifying the integrated effect of globally distributed damage characteristic of fiber reinforced composite materials. The evaluation procedure provides a stress wave factor that correlates closely with several material performance parameters. The procedure was investigated for a variety of materials including advanced composites, hybrid structure bonds, adhesive bonds, wood products, and wire rope. The research program focused primarily on development of fundamental understanding and applications advancements of acousto-ultrasonics for materials characterization. This involves characterization of materials for which detection, location, and identification of imperfections cannot at present be analyzed satisfactorily with mechanical performance prediction models. In addition to presenting definitive studies on application potentials, the understanding of the acousto-ultrasonic method as applied to advanced composites is reviewed

Acute military psychiatric casualties from the war in Iraq

Background: The view that most military personnel evacuated from war zones are suffering from combat stress reactions, or are otherwise traumatised by the horrors of war, has an impact on all aspects of military psychiatry. Aims: To delineate the reasons for psychiatric aeromedical evacuation from Iraq from the start of build-up of UK forces in January 2003 until the end of October that year, 6 months after the end of formal hostilities. Method: A retrospective study was conducted of field and in-patient psychiatric assessments of 116 military personnel evacuated to the UK military psychiatric in-patient facility in Catterick Garrison. Results: Evacuees were mainly non-combatants (69%). A significant proportion were in reserve service (21%) and had a history of contact with mental health services (37%). Only 3% had a combat stress reaction. In over 85% of cases evacuation was for low mood attributed to separation from friends or family, or difficulties adjusting to the environment. Conclusions: These findings have implications especially for screening for suitability for deployment, and for understanding any longer-term mental health problems arising in veterans from Iraq

Problematic psychoanalytic supervision: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study

Problematic supervision has been found to be a common occurrence among psychotherapists worldwide. Although there are some research studies that explore therapists' experiences of problematic supervision, the literature on such experiences in the context of psychoanalytic supervision is limited. This study, as part of a larger study, explored psychoanalytic psychotherapists' experiences of problematic supervision. Using semi-structured interviews, 14 professional psychoanalytic practitioners were interviewed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed for data analysis. Five themes were identified: feeling frustrated, hurting deprivation, holding back, losing my voice and challenging boundaries. This is the first study capturing professional psychoanalytic therapists' lived experiences of problematic supervision. The findings emphasise a need to take into account the supervisees' conceptualisations about their difficult experiences in order to conduct supervision in a way that is meaningful and accessible for them. The study findings can be extended by future studies that explore the supervisors and the clients' experiences of supervision. Further implications for practice and policy and recommendations for future research are discussed

The RDL/C language reference manual V1

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Compiling a rule database program into a C/SQL application

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