A review on courseware for children with down syndrome

Educational courseware is very popular nowadays as an alternative teaching tool for children‟s early education. Courseware that integrates with multimedia elements can bring positive effects by reducing the difficulties in the learning process. Down Syndrome children who face difficulty in learning are being encouraged to utilize educational courseware as a learning tool in their education. Multimedia elements can integrate visual and auditory information into one by primarily presents the visual information first. Thus, other than common coursewares, there are coursewares being designed specifically for Down syndrome children according to their learning behaviours and problems. These coursewares implemented different courseware design techniques with different target subject. This article mainly reviewed on the selected coursewares designed for Down Syndrome children. As Down Syndrome has achieved the highest cases among all the learning disability cases in Malaysia in the recent years, it is crucial to conduct a review on the current research and works in field of courseware learning to understand the current trend and state. Besides, review is conducted on the coursewares in terms of the design techniques and content as a comparison. Thus, improvements and suggestions can be made through the comparison of the coursewares

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Effects of persuasive designed courseware on children with learning difficulties in learning Malay language subject

The effects of courseware learning for children with learning difficul- ties have been studied over the years. Educational courseware is very common nowadays as a teaching tool for children ’ s early education. However, most of the coursewares are designed for children with normal learning ability. Special children who face difficulty in the learning process are unable to utilize the courseware effectively due to their learning problems. This paper presents findings from a study that investigat ed the effects of persuasive designed mobile courseware on children with learning difficulties compared to traditional teaching method. Persuasive design aims to change their behaviour in using the courseware by attracting them to continuously utilize the courseware in the learning process. Various persuasive design principles are being implemented in the courseware. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of persuasive design implemented in the courseware towards children with learning difficulties. The subject focus in this study is Malay language subject which is the national language of Malaysia. This research aims to assist the educators and parents in teaching special children to improve their learning progress from time to time

Effects of persuasive designed courseware on children with learning difficulties in learning Malay language subject

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Prediction of mRNA targets of miR-101-3p in diabetic kidney disease by bioinformatics tools

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) world- wide. Current biomarkers and treatment still fall short at preventing its progression. In search for a better diagnostic or therapeutic target, much interest in microRNAs, which act as post-translational regulators of gene expression has emerged. An upregulation of miR-101-3p was identified in the sera of type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbu- minuria in a selected Malaysian population by profiler RT-PCR array. Using bioinformatics tools, this study aimed to predict the mRNA targets of miR-101-3p. Given the scarcity of bioinformatics studies in DKD, this study also attempted to fill the gap. Methods: The mRNA targets were identified from two experimentally validated databases, namely Tarbase and MirTarBase. The commonly identified mRNA targets were submitted to Metascape and Enrichr bioinformatic tools. Results: A total of 2630 and 342 mRNA targets of miR-101-3p were identified by Tarbase and miRTarbase, respectively. One-hundred ninety-seven (197) mRNA targets were submitted for functional enrichment analysis. Our bioinformatics and bibliographical analyses suggested that ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and Ras-associated protein-1 b (RAP1b) were the most promising putative mRNA targets of miR-101-3p. The most enriched Gene Ontology term and pathway associated with these putative mRNA targets included Ras protein signal transduction and focal adhesion, respectively. Based on these analyses, their molecular mechanisms were proposed. Conclusion: Given the structural heterogeneity of the kidneys and cell type-dependent miRNA modula- tion, an in-silico target prediction of miR-101-3p increases the probability of a successful future in-vitro experimental verification

Isolation and identification of long non-coding RNAs in exosomes derived from the serum of colorectal carcinoma patients

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs consisting of more than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs present in exosomes may play a critical role in the cellular processes involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression including proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells. This paper aims to identify the differential expression of exosomal lncRNAs derived from the sera of non-cancer individuals and patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma. These differentially-expressed exosomal serum lncRNAs may provide an insight into the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Serum exosomes and exosomes from SW480-7 cell culture supernatants were isolated and viewed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size distribution and protein markers of exosomes derived from SW480-7 were further analyzed using the Zetasizer Nano S instrument and western blotting technique. TEM showed that exosomes derived from serum and SW480-7 cells were round vesicles with sizes ranging from 50–200 nm. The exosomes derived from SW480-7 had an average diameter of 274.6 nm and contained the exosomal protein, ALIX/PDCD6IP. In our clinical studies, six lncRNAs, namely GAS5, H19, LINC00152, SNHG16, RMRP, and ZFAS1 were detected in the exosomes from sera of 18 CRC patients. Among these six lncRNAs, the expression level of LINC00152 was found to be significantly lower in CRC patients as compared to non-cancer individuals (p = 0.04) while lncRNA H19 was significantly up-regulated in advanced-stages (stage III and IV) of CRC (p = 0.04) as compared to early-stages (stage I and II). In conclusion, the detection of lower LINC00152 in exosomes of sera from CRC patients versus non-cancer individuals and H19 upregulation in advanced stages suggests that they may play important roles in pathogenesis and progression of CRC

Circulating miRNAs in type 2 diabetic patients with and without Albuminuria in Malaysia

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of circulating miRNAs has been reported, suggesting their pathological roles in DKD. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs in the sera of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without albuminuria in a selected Malaysian population. Method: Forty-one T2DM patients on follow-up at a community clinic were divided into normo-(NA), micro-(MIC), and macroalbuminuria (MAC) groups. Differential levels of miRNAs in 12 samples were determined using the pathway-focused (human fibrosis) miScript miRNA qPCR array and was validated in 33 samples, using the miScript custom qPCR array (CMIHS02742) (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany). Results: Trends of upregulation of 3 miRNAs in the serum, namely, miR-874-3p, miR-101-3p, and miR-145-5p of T2DM patients with MAC compared to those with NA. Statistically significant upregulation of miR-874-3p (p = 0.04) and miR-101-3p (p = 0.01) was seen in validation cohort. Significant negative correlations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and miR-874-3p (p = 0.05), miR-101-3p (p = 0.03), and miR-145-5p (p = 0.05) as well as positive correlation between miR-874-3p and age (p = 0.03) were shown by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. Conclusion: Upregulation of previously known miRNA, namely, miR-145-5p, and possibly novel ones, namely, miR-874-3p and miR-101-3p in the serum of T2DM patients, was found in this study. There was a significant correlation between the eGFR and these miRNAs. The findings of this study have provided encouraging evidence to further investigate the putative roles of these differentially expressed miRNAs in DKD