Effect of Hoof Trimming on Milk Yield in Dairy Cows with Foot Disease

Backround: Milk is produced at the cost of other metabolic processes in the body and high milk yield has been associated with lameness and claw lesions. Lameness has also been associated with a decrease in milk yield. In the past, claw disorders and lameness in dairy cattle have been an increasing problem of the modern dairy industry. Hoof trimming is performed to prevent hoof lesions and improve gait by correction and maintenance of the hoof symmetry and shape. Lameness caused by hoof disorders can be treated by correct hoof trimming. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that one-time claw trimming affect the milk production in dairy cattle with hoof disorders on commercial dairy farms.Materials, Methods & Results: Milk yield level was examined before and after claw trimming in dairy cattle. Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were examined on a commercial dairy farm. Calving number, calving time, lactation number, lactation stage, culling date and milk yield in liters were detected from farm recording system. All cows were visual signs of claw disorders or lameness. Their hooves had not been were trimmed for several years. Trimming technique included leveling the 2 claws, aiming for symmetric bulbs. The axial and abaxial walls were both intended to be parts of the bearing surface and the 2 claws were trimmed flat and balanced with each other. The caudal two-thirds of the axial sole of both claws were sloped toward the interdigital area. All of the cows checked for hoof diseases. The period of observation spanned 45 d, starting day of claw trimming. The observation period was the lactation when the claw trimming was performed. Milk yield was performed one day before and 10, 30, and 45 days after hoof trimming. Cows that were in the mid to late lactation period were selected for the study. The mean days in milk for the group was 221.8 (150-272 days) and the mean number of calvings was 2.8 times (range: 2-5 times) before trimming.Discussion: The shape of the lactation curve is influenced by herd factors such as management and nutrition and individual factors like genetics, parity, and disease. Discrepancies in the literature with regard to the effect of lameness and claw lesions on milk yield are partly the result of these complex influences. Daily milk production of cows in the current study averaged 21 L/d, so milk weight represented approximately 3% of a cow’s body weight per milking. In this study cows were 2 to 5th lactation. Most hoof diseases are accrued around the time of calving. Hoof diseases is becomed visible on the bearing surface of the sole after 2 to 3 months such as white-line disease, sole ulcer, and hemorrhages. We assessed milk yield as the one time claw trimming performed, so any possible healing effect of claw trimming could have led to an underestimation of any negative effects of bad claw health on milk production. Cows with painful claw lesions eat less, are more reluctant to move, and might consequently produce less milk than cows without claw lesions. The significant associations between most claw disorders and increased yield in this study do not prove direct relationships. At claw trimming, the average lactation stage in first parity was 148 DIM; 25% of the cows were before 74 DIM and 25% were later than 226 DIM. After the claw trimming between days 10-30 and 10-45 were determined differences in milk yield (P < 0.05;  P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study showed that one time hoof trimming during the lactation period changed the milk yield of the dairy cows with hoof diseases

Assessment of Serotonin Metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Levels in Urine Sample for Diagnosis and Treatment Efficacy in Children with Dysfunctional Voiding and Their Interaction with Biofeedback Therapy

Objective:Dysfunctional voiding (DV), which is explained as an incoordination between the external urethral sphincter and the bladder, is a situation developing in neurologically normal children. Serotonin has some effects on the lower urinary tract which cannot be fully explained. The selective 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) agonist improves voiding efficacy in the rat model with voiding dysfunction as serotonin. Serotonin decomposes to 5-HIAA which excreted from urine. We considered that a problem in neuromodulator levels can lead to DV and evaluated the levels of 5-HIAA in urine.Materials and Methods:Our study included 130 children aged 5-15 years who were diagnosed with DV and 48 children with no urological complaints as controls. Urine samples were taken only once in control group, and 3 times [before and after the biofeedback treatment (sixth month and twelfth month)] in the study group to determine the difference and the interaction between 5-HIAA and biofeedback therapy.Results:Biofeedback therapy was found to be an effective method in the treatment of DV. However, there was no significant difference in the level of mean urine 5-HIAA/creatinine (u5-HIAA/Cr) between study (6.139±3.652) and control groups (6.374±4.329) (p=0.751). The mean u5-HIAA/Cr levels in the DV group at baseline and at the end of biofeedback therapy (6th month) were 6.249±4.132 and 6.19±4.715, respectively (p=0.951). The mean u5-HIAA/Cr levels in the DV group at baseline and at 12 months were 5.901±3.291 and 6.644±4.206, respectively (p=0.557). There was no significant difference in u5-HIAA/Cr levels between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the DV group.Conclusion:We still do not know if a problem at the level of neurotransmitter metabolite in the central nervous system plays a role in the etiology of DV. We evaluated this relationship, but we could not find a significant result. New studies are needed to get more information about the role of neuromodulators in the etiology and treatment of DV

Bir köpekte mikrotia ve anotia

The aim of this case presentation is to report microtia and anotia in a 3‑year‑old female dog. Owner complained about hearing loss and absence of auricles. There were no auricles in both control ears in clinical examination. Degree of the hearing problem was nearly deafness. A fistula was determined in left lateral cranial side. Grade III microtia and grade IV anotia were diagnosed in the ear canal of the left and right sides, respectively. Under general anesthesia, the dog underwent auricular reconstructive surgery for microtia on the left side. Two weeks after operation, the owner evaluated the patient’s hearing as moderate. This finding was clinically confirmed through performance of the Pyror’s reflex. In conclusion, grade III microtia can be treated surgically to improve the conductive hearing of the patient.Bu olgu sunumunun amacı 3 yaşındaki dişi bir köpekteki mikrotia ve anotiayı rapor etmektir. Hasta sahibinin şikayeti işitme kaybı ve kulakların olmamasıydı. Klinik muayenede kontrol edilen her iki kulakta, kulak kepçeleri yoktu. İşitme problem derecesi sağırlığa yakındı. Sol tarafta fistül belirlendi. Kulak kanalında III. derece mikrotia ve IV. derece anotia sol ve sağ tarafta belirtilen sıra ile belirlendi. Hastada genel anestezi ile sol aurikulada rekonstruktif cerrahi planlandı. Operasyondan 2 hafta sonra hasta sahibi işitme düzeyinin orta seviye olduğunu değerlendirdi. Bu bulgu, klinik olarak yapılan Pyror’s testi ile teyit edildi. Sonuç olarak, III. derece mikrotia hastada işitme kaybını iyileştirmek için cerrahi olarak düzeltilebilir