ZONALNA PROCJENA I INTERPOLACIJA KAO ISTOVREMENI PRISTUPI U SLUČAJU MALOG ULAZNOG B ROJA PODATAKA (PRIMJER POLJA ŠANDROVAC, SJEVERNA HRVATSKA)

The Bjelovar Subdepression area in Northern Croatia was analysed, especially the Šandrovac Field that is located in the northern part of the subdepression. In this example, e-log depth marker Z’, i.e. the Pannonian and Pontian boundary, was used as an input data. The data were statistically analysed for the entire subdepression from 497 data readings from the regular grid with cell size of 1x1 km that covers the existing palaeostructural map. Then is selected 18 well data within the Šandrovac Field where e-log markers are recognised (an example of a small number of data). They are also read directly for given structural map and mapped using one of the declustering methods known as Thiessen polygon method or Kriging. It is concluded when the mapping includes small number of data, and consequently local uncertainties, the subsurface mapping need to be done on both ways and maps compared.Analiziran je prostor Bjelovarske subdepresije, osobito polje Šandrovac koje se nalazi u sjevernom dijelu. U ovom primjeru kao ulazni podatci uporabljene su dubine EK-markera Z\u27, tj. granice panona i ponta. One su statistički analizirane na razini cijele subdepresije iz 497 podataka očitanih iz pravilne mreže s ćelijama veličine 1x1 km kojom je prekrivena postojeća paleostrukturna karta. Nadalje, odabrano je 18 bušotinskih smjestišta unutar polja Šandrovac gdje su karotažom određene dubine markera (primjer malog ulaznog broja podataka). I oni su očitani izravno sa spomenute karte te kartirani jednom od deklasterizacijskih metoda, tj. metodom Thiessenovih poligona ili kriginga. Zaključeno je kada kartiranje uključuje značaje lokalne nesigurnosti te mali broj podataka, opravdano je dubinsko kartiranje na oba prikazana načina te usporedba rješenja

Mapping and reinterpretation of the geological evolution of the Bjelovar subdepression by universal kriging and new general methodological algorithms for mapping in similar areas

Analiziran je prostor Bjelovarske subdepresije na lokalnoj (polje Šandrovac) i regionalnoj razini (cijela subdepresija). Ulazni podatci bile su dubine EK granice Pt/Tg i EK markera Rs7, Rs5, Z', Δ i D'. Statistički je analizirano više od sedamsto podataka očitanih s pravilne mreže kojom su prekrivene postojeće paleostrukturne karte, s ćelijama veličine 2x2 km. Kartirano je metodama Thiessenovih poligona (program SAGA GIS) i krigiranja (Surfer). Poligonalna, tj. zonalna procjena uporabljena je kao jednostavna i brza metoda prikaza dubina. Krigiranje je dalo znatno bolje regionalne karte. Obično krigiranje je dokazano u većini slučajeva kao najbolja moguća interpolacija podataka dubine (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' i D'), uz najmanje vrijednosti krosvalidacije. Njome su interpolirane karte debljina formacija iz kojih su reinterpretirani neogensko-kvartarni okoliši. Nadalje, unutar pojedinačnih struktura, tehnika univerzalnoga krigiranja određena je kao najprimjerenija interpolacijska metoda, jer je samo u takvim slučajevima bilo moguće izdvojiti jasan linearni trend u pružanju i dubinama promatrane strukture.The area of Bjelovar subdepression was analyzed at the local (Šandrovac Field) and regional level (the entire subdepression). Input data were depths of Pt/Tg e-log border and Rs7, Rs5, Z’, Δ and D' e-log markers. More than seven hundred data were statistically analyzed. The data were collected in a regular grid that covers the existing paleostructural maps, with cells 2x2 km in size. Mapping was carried out using Thiessen polygon method (program SAGA GIS) and Kriging (Surfer). The polygonal, i.e. the zonal assessment was used as a simple and fast method for displaying depths. Kriging gave significantly better regional maps. Ordinary Kriging has been proved in most cases to be the best possible interpolation of depth data (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' and D'), with the lowest cross-validation values. It was used for interpolation of formation thickness maps from which Neogene-Quaternary environments were reinterpreted. Furthermore, within the individual structures, Universal Kriging technique is determined as the most appropriate interpolation method, because it was only possible in such cases to extract a clear linear trend in extent and depths of the observed structure

CONTRIBUTION TO TERMINOLOGY AND APPLICATION OF NEW GEOSTATISTICAL MAPPING METHODS IN CROATIA - UNIVERSAL KRIGING

Napretkom znanosti i razvojem računala omogućena je obradba i analiza velike količine podataka zbog čega su geostatističke metode postale neizostavne prilikom istraživanja i prikazivanja rezultata u raznim geoznanostima. Jedna od najpoznatijih i najtočnijih geostatističkih metoda procjene jest metoda krigiranja, koja procjenjuje vrijednosti analizirane varijable na neuzorkovanim smjestištima. Postoje različite tehnike krigiranja, a najčešće korištena jest obično krigiranje, kako na svjetskoj razini, tako i u hrvatskoj geologiji. Ovdje je opisana tehnika univerzalnoga krigiranja, svrha uporabe navedene tehnike te je opisana terminologija vezana za nju s ciljem lakšega razumijevanja i korištenja. Riječ je o tehnici koja je najprimjerenija kada su ulazni podatci obilježeni trendom, a kao takva može se često primijeniti u geologiji.Advancement of science and computer development enabled the processing and analysis of large amounts of data for which the geostatistical methods have become indispensable when researching and presenting the results in a variety of geosciences. One of the most noted and most accurate geostatistical estimation method is Kriging method, which estimates the value of the analysed variables at unsampled locations. There are several Kriging techniques, while the most widely used is Ordinary Kriging, at the global level, as well as in Croatian geology. Here was Universal Kriging described, the purpose of its use and the terminology associated with it in order to facilitate the understanding and use of this technique. It is a technique that is most appropriate when the input data is marked by a trend, and as such can often be applied in geology

Mapping and reinterpretation of the geological evolution of the Bjelovar subdepression by universal kriging and new general methodological algorithms for mapping in similar areas

Analiziran je prostor Bjelovarske subdepresije na lokalnoj (polje Šandrovac) i regionalnoj razini (cijela subdepresija). Ulazni podatci bile su dubine EK granice Pt/Tg i EK markera Rs7, Rs5, Z', Δ i D'. Statistički je analizirano više od sedamsto podataka očitanih s pravilne mreže kojom su prekrivene postojeće paleostrukturne karte, s ćelijama veličine 2x2 km. Kartirano je metodama Thiessenovih poligona (program SAGA GIS) i krigiranja (Surfer). Poligonalna, tj. zonalna procjena uporabljena je kao jednostavna i brza metoda prikaza dubina. Krigiranje je dalo znatno bolje regionalne karte. Obično krigiranje je dokazano u većini slučajeva kao najbolja moguća interpolacija podataka dubine (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' i D'), uz najmanje vrijednosti krosvalidacije. Njome su interpolirane karte debljina formacija iz kojih su reinterpretirani neogensko-kvartarni okoliši. Nadalje, unutar pojedinačnih struktura, tehnika univerzalnoga krigiranja određena je kao najprimjerenija interpolacijska metoda, jer je samo u takvim slučajevima bilo moguće izdvojiti jasan linearni trend u pružanju i dubinama promatrane strukture.The area of Bjelovar subdepression was analyzed at the local (Šandrovac Field) and regional level (the entire subdepression). Input data were depths of Pt/Tg e-log border and Rs7, Rs5, Z’, Δ and D' e-log markers. More than seven hundred data were statistically analyzed. The data were collected in a regular grid that covers the existing paleostructural maps, with cells 2x2 km in size. Mapping was carried out using Thiessen polygon method (program SAGA GIS) and Kriging (Surfer). The polygonal, i.e. the zonal assessment was used as a simple and fast method for displaying depths. Kriging gave significantly better regional maps. Ordinary Kriging has been proved in most cases to be the best possible interpolation of depth data (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' and D'), with the lowest cross-validation values. It was used for interpolation of formation thickness maps from which Neogene-Quaternary environments were reinterpreted. Furthermore, within the individual structures, Universal Kriging technique is determined as the most appropriate interpolation method, because it was only possible in such cases to extract a clear linear trend in extent and depths of the observed structure

Mapping and reinterpretation of the geological evolution of the Bjelovar subdepression by universal kriging and new general methodological algorithms for mapping in similar areas

Analiziran je prostor Bjelovarske subdepresije na lokalnoj (polje Šandrovac) i regionalnoj razini (cijela subdepresija). Ulazni podatci bile su dubine EK granice Pt/Tg i EK markera Rs7, Rs5, Z', Δ i D'. Statistički je analizirano više od sedamsto podataka očitanih s pravilne mreže kojom su prekrivene postojeće paleostrukturne karte, s ćelijama veličine 2x2 km. Kartirano je metodama Thiessenovih poligona (program SAGA GIS) i krigiranja (Surfer). Poligonalna, tj. zonalna procjena uporabljena je kao jednostavna i brza metoda prikaza dubina. Krigiranje je dalo znatno bolje regionalne karte. Obično krigiranje je dokazano u većini slučajeva kao najbolja moguća interpolacija podataka dubine (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' i D'), uz najmanje vrijednosti krosvalidacije. Njome su interpolirane karte debljina formacija iz kojih su reinterpretirani neogensko-kvartarni okoliši. Nadalje, unutar pojedinačnih struktura, tehnika univerzalnoga krigiranja određena je kao najprimjerenija interpolacijska metoda, jer je samo u takvim slučajevima bilo moguće izdvojiti jasan linearni trend u pružanju i dubinama promatrane strukture.The area of Bjelovar subdepression was analyzed at the local (Šandrovac Field) and regional level (the entire subdepression). Input data were depths of Pt/Tg e-log border and Rs7, Rs5, Z’, Δ and D' e-log markers. More than seven hundred data were statistically analyzed. The data were collected in a regular grid that covers the existing paleostructural maps, with cells 2x2 km in size. Mapping was carried out using Thiessen polygon method (program SAGA GIS) and Kriging (Surfer). The polygonal, i.e. the zonal assessment was used as a simple and fast method for displaying depths. Kriging gave significantly better regional maps. Ordinary Kriging has been proved in most cases to be the best possible interpolation of depth data (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' and D'), with the lowest cross-validation values. It was used for interpolation of formation thickness maps from which Neogene-Quaternary environments were reinterpreted. Furthermore, within the individual structures, Universal Kriging technique is determined as the most appropriate interpolation method, because it was only possible in such cases to extract a clear linear trend in extent and depths of the observed structure

USPOREDBA OBIČNOGA I UNIVERZALNOGA KRIGIRANJA NA PRIMJERU INTERPOLACIJE DUBINSKE VARIJABLE S LINEARNIM TRENDOM, ANALIZA POLJA ŠANDROVAC

Universal Kriging has not until now been used for mapping of geological data in Croatia. However, it is one of the most frequently used methods of Kriging, probably the most adequate in cases when the input data is marked by a common trend. That exact feature is often an attribute of deep geological data, and thereby that of structural maps. Mapped surfaces in a row of examples have a structural trend towards one cardinal direction, or a sequence of geological structures, like anticlinorium, is a part of a structural unit of a higher order such as regional monocline. An example is given of geographical trend recognition in e-log Z’ surface spread in Šandrovac Field as well as successful mapping of that marker depth variable by using Universal Kriging.Univerzalno krigiranje do sada nije korišteno pri kartiranju geoloških podataka u Hrvatskoj. Međutim, radi se o jednoj od češćih metoda krigiranja, vjerojatno najprimjerenijoj u slučajevima kada su ulazni podatci obilježeni zajedničkim trendom. Upravo takvo obilježje vrlo je često svojstvo dubinskih geoloških podataka, a time i strukturnih karata. Kartirane plohe u nizu primjera imaju strukturni nagib prema jednoj strani svijeta. Često je niz geoloških struktura, poput antiklinorija, dio strukturne jedinice većega reda poput regionalne monokline. U radu je dan primjer prepoznavanja zemljopisnoga trenda u pružanju plohe EK markera Z’ u polju Šandrovac te uspješnoga kartiranja te plohe, odnosno dubinske varijable, univerzalnim krigiranjem

Models for measuring of knowledge management and e-business systems success

The resulting model of the measurement of knowledge management system success is used to classify the abundant variables described in a large number of empirical studies and comprises six components. On the basis of some resources and on the basis of this literature review, the DeLone/McLean model for information system (IS) success measurement is selected and discussed. We also give a figure to show that the six categories are interrelated and describe a process view of knowledge management success, a series of constructs which include temporal and casual influences in determining success. The clear structuring of the measures and especially the interrelationships hypothesized in DeLone/McLean model have been subject to repeated criticism. Finally some critics are reviewed and developed of extensions to this model. We have extended the original DeLone/McLean model, respecified parts of the interrelationships, and even presented alternative models that follow an entirely different logic. The new model allows for a much more comprehensive analysis of independent factors influencing knowledge management system success and takes into account most of critique directed at the original DeLone/McLean model

Magnetska rezonancija kao dio šireg pristupa dijagnostici epileptičnog napadaja u pasa - dva slučaja hidrocefalusa u pasa s višestrukim epileptičnim napadajima

This paper describes two cases of hydrocephalus in dog. Both dogs were presented at the Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, after having experienced cluster seizures and status epilepticus, respectively. In each dog physical and neurological examination was performed, revealing no abnormalities. Complete laboratory workup and urinalysis were included for each dog and all results were within reference range. Both dogs underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and through this procedure a diagnosis of hydrocephalus was established. Anticonvulsive therapy and therapy against increased intracranial pressure was introduced in both dogs. Treatment resulted in marked clinical improvement.U radu su prikazana dva slučaja hidrocefalusa u pasa. Psi su dovedeni na Kliniku za unutarnje bolesti Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu nakon epileptičnih napadaja koji su se javljali u nizu, tj. kao status epilepticus. Oba su psa bila podvrgnuta općoj kliničkoj pretrazi te neurološkom pregledu prilikom kojih nisu otkrivena odstupanja od normale. Sve hematološke i biokemijske vrijednosti te nalazi analize mokraće nalazili su se unutar referentnih vrijednosti. U oba je psa provedena magnetska rezonancija kojom je postavljena dijagnoza hidrocefalusa. Pacijenti su podvrgnuti antikonvulzivnoj terapiji te terapiji za smanjenje intrakranijalnog tlaka, nakon čega je uslijedilo znatno kliničko poboljšanje

Sindrom sustavnoga upalnoga odgovora i sindrom višestrukog zatajivanja organa u pasa s babeziozom

Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis canis is one of the commonest canine diseases in Croatia, especially in the area of capital city, Zagreb. Babesiosis is a multi-system disease and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) develops from systemic inflfl ammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is a hallmark of babesiosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct detailed research of the incidence of SIRS and MODS as well as organ systems involvement in a large number of dogs naturally infected with B. canis canis in Croatia. Out of 332 dogs with canine babesiosis, 226 dogs (68 percent) fulfilled the SIRS criteria and were considered as SIRS positive. Among them 151 dogs (67%) fulfilled two SIRS criteria, 66 dogs (29%) fulfilled three criteria and only 9 dogs (4%) fulfilled all four SIRS criteria. Thirty-three dogs (10%) fulfilled the MODS criteria. Among them 22 dogs (66%) had two organ involvement, 10 dogs (31%) had three organ involvement and in only 1 dog (3%) four organ dysfunction was present. The incidence of organ involvement in MODS was as follows: renal dysfunction (30/33), liver dysfunction (20/33), muscle involvement (19/33), lung dysfunction (16/33), cerebral involvement (3/33). Among MODS positive dogs, 22 dogs died and 11 dogs survived babesiosis. In dogs with two organ involvement, survival was 45%, in dogs with three organ involvement survival was 10%, while in the group with four organ dysfunction mortality was 100%. It can be concluded that in cases of canine babesiosis caused by B. canis canis, in which MODS developed, an unfavourable outcome should be taken into consideration.Babezioza uzrokovana praživotinjom Babesia canis canis jedna je od najčešćih bolesti pasa u Hrvatskoj, osobito u području oko glavnoga grada Zagreba. Babezioza je bolest koja zahvaća više organskih sustava, a sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa (engl. multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) razvija se iz sindroma sustavnog upalnog odgovora (engl. systemic infl ammatory response syndrome), koji je karakterističan za babeziozu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je proučiti pojavnost sindroma sustavnog upalnog odgovora i sindroma višestrukoga zatajenja organa na velikom broju pasa koji boluju od babezioze, kao i učestalost zahvaćenosti pojedinih organskih sustava u sindromu višestrukoga zatajenja organa. Od 332 psa s potvrđenom babeziozom 226 pasa (68%) razvilo je sindrom sustavnog upalnog odgovora. Od njih je 151 pas (67%) ispunio 2 kriterija, 66 pasa (29%) ispunilo je 3 kriterija, dok su u 9 pasa (4%) bila ispunjena sva četiri kriterija. Trideset i tri psa ispunila su kriterije za sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa. Od njih su 22 psa (66%) imala zahvaćena po dva organska sustava, 10 pasa (31%) imalo je zahvaćena tri organska sustava, dok je samo 1 pas (3%) imao zahvaćena četiri organska sustava. Najčešće zahvaćeni organski sustavi u sindromu višestrukoga zatajenja organa bili su: uropoetski sustav (30/33), jetra (20/33), mišićje (19/33), dišni sustav (16/33) i središnji živčani sustav (3/33). Od pasa koji su razvili sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa 22 su uginula dok ih je 11 preživjelo babeziozu. Preživljavanje pasa u kojih su bila zahvaćena 2 organska sustava bilo je 45%, sa zahvaćena 3 organska sustava bilo je 10%, dok je smrtnost sa zahvaćena 4 organska sustava iznosila 100%. Na temelju rezultata se može zaključiti da je razvoj sindroma višestrukoga zatajenja organa u babeziozi pasa prognostički značajan i da u slučaju da se sindrom razvije raste i vjerojatnost nepovoljnog ishoda

Sindrom sustavnoga upalnoga odgovora i sindrom višestrukog zatajivanja organa u pasa s babeziozom

Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis canis is one of the commonest canine diseases in Croatia, especially in the area of capital city, Zagreb. Babesiosis is a multi-system disease and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) develops from systemic inflfl ammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is a hallmark of babesiosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct detailed research of the incidence of SIRS and MODS as well as organ systems involvement in a large number of dogs naturally infected with B. canis canis in Croatia. Out of 332 dogs with canine babesiosis, 226 dogs (68 percent) fulfilled the SIRS criteria and were considered as SIRS positive. Among them 151 dogs (67%) fulfilled two SIRS criteria, 66 dogs (29%) fulfilled three criteria and only 9 dogs (4%) fulfilled all four SIRS criteria. Thirty-three dogs (10%) fulfilled the MODS criteria. Among them 22 dogs (66%) had two organ involvement, 10 dogs (31%) had three organ involvement and in only 1 dog (3%) four organ dysfunction was present. The incidence of organ involvement in MODS was as follows: renal dysfunction (30/33), liver dysfunction (20/33), muscle involvement (19/33), lung dysfunction (16/33), cerebral involvement (3/33). Among MODS positive dogs, 22 dogs died and 11 dogs survived babesiosis. In dogs with two organ involvement, survival was 45%, in dogs with three organ involvement survival was 10%, while in the group with four organ dysfunction mortality was 100%. It can be concluded that in cases of canine babesiosis caused by B. canis canis, in which MODS developed, an unfavourable outcome should be taken into consideration.Babezioza uzrokovana praživotinjom Babesia canis canis jedna je od najčešćih bolesti pasa u Hrvatskoj, osobito u području oko glavnoga grada Zagreba. Babezioza je bolest koja zahvaća više organskih sustava, a sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa (engl. multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) razvija se iz sindroma sustavnog upalnog odgovora (engl. systemic infl ammatory response syndrome), koji je karakterističan za babeziozu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je proučiti pojavnost sindroma sustavnog upalnog odgovora i sindroma višestrukoga zatajenja organa na velikom broju pasa koji boluju od babezioze, kao i učestalost zahvaćenosti pojedinih organskih sustava u sindromu višestrukoga zatajenja organa. Od 332 psa s potvrđenom babeziozom 226 pasa (68%) razvilo je sindrom sustavnog upalnog odgovora. Od njih je 151 pas (67%) ispunio 2 kriterija, 66 pasa (29%) ispunilo je 3 kriterija, dok su u 9 pasa (4%) bila ispunjena sva četiri kriterija. Trideset i tri psa ispunila su kriterije za sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa. Od njih su 22 psa (66%) imala zahvaćena po dva organska sustava, 10 pasa (31%) imalo je zahvaćena tri organska sustava, dok je samo 1 pas (3%) imao zahvaćena četiri organska sustava. Najčešće zahvaćeni organski sustavi u sindromu višestrukoga zatajenja organa bili su: uropoetski sustav (30/33), jetra (20/33), mišićje (19/33), dišni sustav (16/33) i središnji živčani sustav (3/33). Od pasa koji su razvili sindrom višestrukoga zatajenja organa 22 su uginula dok ih je 11 preživjelo babeziozu. Preživljavanje pasa u kojih su bila zahvaćena 2 organska sustava bilo je 45%, sa zahvaćena 3 organska sustava bilo je 10%, dok je smrtnost sa zahvaćena 4 organska sustava iznosila 100%. Na temelju rezultata se može zaključiti da je razvoj sindroma višestrukoga zatajenja organa u babeziozi pasa prognostički značajan i da u slučaju da se sindrom razvije raste i vjerojatnost nepovoljnog ishoda