Reactions of allenyl- and vinylphosphonates with imidazole

Dialkyl 3-methylbuta-1,2-dienyl- and vinylphosphonates take up imidazole at the β-carbon atom in the unsaturated fragment to give the corresponding β-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)alkenyl-and alkylphosphonates. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Assessing Educators’ Readiness for Innovative Professional and Pedagogical Activities

The ongoing transformations in the modern world have a significant impact on the sustainable development of national economies, unify the requirements for human capital, and its educational level. Taking into account current trends, governments are taking significant measures to ensure and maintain the link between education, the economy and socio-economic development. These measures also change approaches to engineering training. At the same time, training, retraining, continuing training of educators are of great importance. Educators at present should follow trends of a dynamically changing reality. Thus, the purpose of this work is to assess the educators’ readiness for innovative professional and pedagogical activities (IPPA) in the process of their training on the module “Problembased, practice-oriented, project-based learning”, which is part of the continuing retraining program for engineering teachers iPET-3, developed within the framework of the international project ENTER (“EngineeriNg educaTors pEdagogical tRaining”), co-funded by the Erasmus + program of the European Union. The article proposes a model for the development of educators’ readiness for IPPA within the framework of professional retraining programs, a methodology for assessing the component composition of IPPA, and a three-level characteristic model of the component composition of IPPA. The use of the developed model during continuing retraining programs increases the level of teachers’ creative abilities, the amount of acquired material and their pedagogical skills

Synthesis of novel bis(Aminoalkenylphosphonates) as potential bioactive compounds

Mixing an excess of 3-methyl-1,2-butadienylphosphonate with 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, or 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecandiamine leads to the formation of bis- (aminoalkenylphosphonates). Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Interaction of vinylphosphonates with 1,2-diaminoethane and ethanolamine

The reaction of 1,2-diaminoethane with vinylphosphonate occurs as the addition of the amino group to the β-carbon atom of the unsaturated substrate to give 1:1 and 1:2 adducts. The nucleophilic addition of 2-aminoethanol at the β-position of the double bond of vinylphosphonates involves only the amino group and leads to the formation of hydroxy β-aminoethylphosphonates or zwitterions depending on conditions

Reaction of diethyl 3-methyl-1,2-butadienylphosphonate with 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6

Reaction of two-fold excess of diethyl 3-methyl-1,2-butadienylphosphonate with 1,10-diaza-18- crown-6 leads to the formation of an adduct whose molecule includes two 1-phosphoryl-3-methyl-2-butene fragments bound together by a crown bridge with the anti location of organophosphorus groups relative to the macrocycle plane. The 1,2-multiple bond of the phosphonate is involved in the reaction. Extraction properties of the diphosphorylated crown ether toward alkali metal picrates were studied. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009

The role of VNTR aggrecan gene polymorphism in the development of osteoarthritis in women

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common multifactorial joint disease. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uCTD) is a genetically determined lesion of the connective tissue structures, including joints, and it can be one of the factors predisposing to development of OA. Solving the problem of comorbidity of OA and uCTD signs will contribute to the early diagnosis and prophylactics of OA. Aggrecan is one of the major structural components of cartilage and it provides the ability to resist compressive loads throughout life. We examined 316 women (mean age 50.5 ± 4.77) for signs of uCTD and OA. A study of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) VNTR polymorphism, which is represented by a variable number of 57 nucleotide repeats, was performed. We searched for associations between the VNTR locus and OA in general and with an account of the localization of the pathological process, as well as with the presence of uCTD signs. Twelve allelic variants and 24 genotypes of the VNTR polymorphism of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) were identified, the most frequent variants were alleles with 27, 28 and 26 repeats. A significance of allele *27 (х2 = 6.297, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.05) in the development of OA in general, knee OA (х2 = 4.613, p = 0.031, OR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.04-2.23), and multiple OA (х2 = 4.181, p = 0.04, OR = 1.68; 95 % CI 1.02-2.78) was revealed. Homozygous genotype *27*27 was associated with OA (х2 = 3.921, р = 0.047, OR = 1.72; 95 % CI 1-2.96), and OA with uCTD signs in women (х2 = 5.415, p = 0.019, OR = 2.34; 95 % CI 1.13-4.83)

Genetic characterization of populations of the Volga-Ural region according to the variability of the Y-chromosome

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. An analysis of genetic diversity in nine ethnic groups of the Volga-Ural region was carried out using 15 biallelic loci in the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome. The major Y-chromosome haplogroups in the region are R1a-M198, R1b-M269, and N-M231. It was found that Bashkirs show the greatest difference from other populations of the Volga-Ural region according both to Fst and to the principal component analysis. In addition, analysis of the frequency distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups was carried out in the Besermyan population, which was not studied previously from the Y-chromosome perspective. The results of this study revealed the predominance of haplogroup N-M231 (54.7%) in this ethnic group, which may indicate the prevalence of the Finno-Ugric component in the formation of the patrilineal component in the gene pool of the Besermyan ethnic group

(Re) defining salesperson motivation: current status, main challenges, and research directions

The construct of motivation is one of the central themes in selling and sales management research. Yet, to-date no review article exists that surveys the construct (both from an extrinsic and intrinsic motivation context), critically evaluates its current status, examines various key challenges apparent from the extant research, and suggests new research opportunities based on a thorough review of past work. The authors explore how motivation is defined, major theories underpinning motivation, how motivation has historically been measured, and key methodologies used over time. In addition, attention is given to principal drivers and outcomes of salesperson motivation. A summarizing appendix of key articles in salesperson motivation is provided

Assessment of gene-by-sex interaction effect on bone mineral density

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Sexual dimorphism in various bone phenotypes, including bone mineral density (BMD), is widely observed; however, the extent to which genes explain these sex differences is unclear. To identify variants with different effects by sex, we examined gene-by-sex autosomal interactions genome-wide, and performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and bioinformatics network analysis. We conducted an autosomal genome-wide meta-analysis of gene-by-sex interaction on lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in 25,353 individuals from 8 cohorts. In a second stage, we followed up the 12 top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1 × 10(-5) ) in an additional set of 24,763 individuals. Gene-by-sex interaction and sex-specific effects were examined in these 12 SNPs. We detected one novel genome-wide significant interaction associated with LS-BMD at the Chr3p26.1-p25.1 locus, near the GRM7 gene (male effect = 0.02 and p = 3.0 × 10(-5) ; female effect = -0.007 and p = 3.3 × 10(-2) ), and 11 suggestive loci associated with either FN- or LS-BMD in discovery cohorts. However, there was no evidence for genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) gene-by-sex interaction in the joint analysis of discovery and replication cohorts. Despite the large collaborative effort, no genome-wide significant evidence for gene-by-sex interaction was found to influence BMD variation in this screen of autosomal markers. If they exist, gene-by-sex interactions for BMD probably have weak effects, accounting for less than 0.08% of the variation in these traits per implicated SNP. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Medtronic NIH R01 AG18728 R01HL088119 R01AR046838 U01 HL084756 R01 AR43351 P01-HL45522 R01-MH-078111 R01-MH-083824 Nutrition and Obesity Research Center of Maryland P30DK072488 NIAMS/NIH F32AR059469 Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS (Spanish Health Ministry) PI 06/0034 PI08/0183 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) NHLBI HHSN268201200036C N01-HC-85239 N01-HC-85079 N01-HC-85086 N01-HC-35129 N01 HC15103 N01 HC-55222 N01-HC-75150 N01-HC-45133 HL080295 HL087652 HL105756 NIA AG-023629 AG-15928 AG-20098 AG-027058 N01AG62101 N01AG62103 N01AG62106 1R01AG032098-01A1 National Center of Advancing Translational Technologies CTSI UL1TR000124 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases DK063491 EUROSPAN (European Special Populations Research Network) European Commission FP6 STRP grant 018947 LSHG-CT-2006-01947 Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Erasmus MC Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB) Netherlands Brain Foundation (HersenStichting Nederland) US National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institute on Aging R01 AR/AG41398 R01 AR050066 R21 AR056405 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study N01-HC-25195 Affymetrix, Inc. N02-HL-6-4278 Canadian Institutes of Health Research from Institute of Aging 165446 Institute of Genetics 179433 Institute of Musculoskeletal health 221765 Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health HHSN268200782096C Hong Kong Research Grant Council HKU 768610M Bone Health Fund of HKU Foundation KC Wong Education Foundation Small Project Funding 201007176237 Matching Grant CRCG Grant Osteoporosis and Endocrine Research Fund Genomics Strategic Research Theme of The University of Hong Kong Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research NWO Investments 175.010.2005.011 911-03-012 Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly 014-93-015 Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA) 050-060-810 Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw) Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE) Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports European Commission (DG XII) Municipality of Rotterdam German Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technology 01 AK 803 A-H 01 IG 07015