Comparative Evaluation of the efficacy of Laser Therapy and Fibroblastic Growth Factor Injection on Mucosal Wound Healing in Rat Experimental Model

Introduction: The aim of present study was to compare the effects of laser and bFGF treatment on operative wound healing in a rat model.Methods: 66 male Wistar rats were employed in this study. 10millimeter surgical wound was created on buccal mucosa of each rat ,under anesthesia, and then the rats were divided into 3 groups of 22 each: 1- GF group (received subcutaneous injection of bFGF), 2- laser group (treated with low level laser irradiation) and 3- control group (received no treatment). On day 5 half of rats in each group and on day 10 the other half, were sacrificed. Then, samples were taken from rats' buccal mucosa for histological assay and scoring. The data was analyzed with Mann-Whitney test (α=5%).Results: On day5 there was not any significant difference between GF and control group; however laser group showed delayed wound coverage clinically, compared to other groups(p<0.05). On day 10, histological examination demonstrated marked vascular granulation tissue in GF group. Collagen production was significantly prominent in laser group compared to GF treated samples (p=.004). Inflammation of granulation tissue in GF and laser groups was significantly less than that in control samples (p=.005 and .001, respectively). Conclusion: The components of wound matrix induced by GF and laser treatment were significantly different. Although bFGF or laser treatment of oral wounds, under conditions of present study, did not accelerated wound healing but showed some other notable effects on the quality of healing

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy in rat tongue dysplasia

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has previously shown promising results in cancerous cell destruction. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment option on oral epithelial dysplasia in Wistar rats. Furthermore, microscopic effects of systemic versus topical administration of ALA before laser illumination was assessed. Thirty male Wistar rats (200- 250 grams) were used in the present study. Tongue dysplasia was induced by a daily delivery of a 20 ppm solution of 4-nitroquinoline -1- oxide (4NQO) for 3 months. Then, rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 including, group 1 that was received systemic ALA-based PDT (30 mg/kg ALA), group 2 that was received topical ALA-based PDT (20% ALA solution) and group 3 (control) which was left untreated. Tongue specimens were fixed for histopathological evaluation and dysplasia was graded at microscopic level. Data was compared between various treatment groups using Mann Whitney test (p<0.05). The rate of atypical dysplastic cells was decreased significantly in both topical (p= 0.006) and systemic (p= 0.001) treatment groups compared to control group. Furthermore, systemic use of ALA resulted in a remarkable destruction of dysplastic cells compared to its topical application (p=0.045). Nevertheless, some evidence of muscle destruction was documented in systemic ALA group. It seems that ALA mediated PDT is an effective treatment option for the destruction of dysplastic cells. However, the extent of this effect depends on the mode of ALA administration before light illumination

Sensitivity of Four Various Candida Species to Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Indocyanine Green, an in vitro Study

Statement of the Problem: Various species of candida contribute to oral candidiasis. It is the time to shift from conventional rigid antimicrobial therapies to more patient specific and safer ones. Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate antifungal effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Indocyanine green as photosensitizer and low-power laser irradiation on the viability of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata and candida krusei, and to compare it with Nystatin as the conventional treatment. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, 0.5 McFarland suspensions of candida's species were prepared (n=50, each). Each strain was then divided into five groups of 10 samples each, according to the following experimental interventions: (1) Nystatin, (2) photodynamic therapy: laser irradiation (wavelength= 808 nm, power= 100 mW, energy density= 10 J/cm2, exposure duration= 100 s) in the presence of the photosensitizer, (3) laser irradiation alone, (4) treatment with the PS alone and (5-control: no exposure to laser light or photosensitizer. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar. The colonies were counted, and the values of log (CFU/ml) were analyzed by variance and the Tamhan test (p< 0.05). Results: Photodynamic therapy mediated indocyanine green is significantly effective in reducing the number of CFU/ml of all species of candida tested, compared to control group (p< .001). Nystatin, laser irradiation and photodynamic therapy, with respectively decreasing potency, have considerably reduced the number of candida's colonies in all four bacterial strains (p<. 05). Photosensitizer alone, showed impressive antimicrobial potency against all species of candida except candida albicans, in comparison to control group. Conclusion: It seems that laser therapy alone is more powerful than photodynamic therapy mediated indocyanine green; however, conventional treatment has still the top antimicrobial efficacy towards all candida species

Multiple Mucous Retention Cysts (Mucocele) of the Oral Mucosa: A Case Report

To our knowledge, the occurrence of multiple mucoceles is not very common. This case report presents a 62-year-old man with multiple nodules on the upper and lower labial mucosa as well as both buccal mucosae with unknown history. Histopathology evaluation showed minor salivary gland ducts dilated to the point of cyst formation. The cysts seemed to be formed either as a result of dilatation of salivary ducts due to altered secretion or because of an acquired or congenital weakness in the ductal structure. The physiopathology of these findings is discussed

A comparative study of Candida albicans mean colony counts and blood group antigens in the saliva of healthy subjects

Background:: Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal species in the oral cavity. Various factors associated with C. albicans infection have been evaluated so far. In some studies, the relationship between the blood group antigens and C. albicans has been discussed. The aim of this study was to assess mean C. albicans colony counts in the saliva of healthy subjects and its relationship with ABO blood groups. Materials and Methods:: This cross-sectional/analytical study was performed in the Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from 300 healthy subjects, including 100 individuals with blood group O, 100 with blood group A and 100 with blood group B. The samples were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar media to determine the means of C. albicans colonies. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests and SPSS 16. Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05. Results:: The samples included 156 males and 144 females with a mean age of 27.52 years. The mean colony counts in the saliva of individuals with blood groups O, A, and B were 26.4, 19.84, and 21.23, respectively. There were no significant differences between the three groups (P = 0.280). Conclusion:: Although the mean C. albicans colony counts in individuals with blood group O were more than those with other blood groups, the differences were not statistically significant. More research studies are needed in order to prove the role of blood groups in susceptibility to candidiasis

The Serum and salivary level of malondialdehyde, vitamins A, E, and C in patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Background: Oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affected oral mucosa which has afflicted about 20% of the society. Etiology of this disease is unknown. Three main factors influencing aphthous stomatitis are genetic, hematologic, and immunologic factors. Another proposed factor that may be considered in etiology of aphthous ulcer is oxidant, anti-oxidant imbalance in the body. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of lipid peroxide enzyme as an important oxidant agent and anti-oxidant vitamins in the saliva and serum of the patients suffering from RAS and compare it to healthy people. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive - analytical study, 25 patients suffering from RAS were compared to 24 healthy individuals. Applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as Vitamins A, E, and C were measured in the saliva and serum of two groups. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version (11.5), t-test and χ2 . Results: No significant difference was detected between salivary and serum levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C) and MDA in both experimental groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, RAS is not associated with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the body. However, it seems quite necessary to carry out more studies in this area

Evaluation of knowledge and practice of general dentists and dental interns of Isfahan city about dental management of pregnant patient

Background. The oral health of pregnant women affects the health of mother and child as much as the public health affects the health of people in a community. Dental treatment during this period should be performed in such a way that it has no side effects on the fetus. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of general dentists and dental interns in Isfahan about dental measures in pregnancy period. Methods. In this study, a total of 232 general dentists and dental interns were investigated in Isfahan using a self-made questionnaire containing 26 questions (20 knowledge questions and 6 performance questions) about the measures necessary to employ during pregnancy. Then the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and performing T-test and ANOVA test. Significant level for all calculations was set at 0.05. Results. According to the study result, the total knowledge score was 13.2±3/5. The question about "prescribing the required drugs" had a significant correlation with university of study (P=0.047) and type of employment (P=0.047). The question "if the pregnant woman had pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumor), what will you do?" had a significant correlation with gender (P=0.042). Conclusion. The overall score of the dentist's knowledges of the necessary measures during pregnancy was 13.2±3.5 which was fairly acceptable; however, it was recommended that further studies should be carried out in order to eliminate the possible risks posed by dentists to dental treatments of these patients. Practical Implications. The average knowledge score of dentists with less than 5 years of experience was 14.18, and the average knowledge score of dentists with more than 5 years of experience was 13.42, which highlighted the need for offering refresher courses for dentists

Comparative analysis of salivary zinc level in recurrent herpes labialis

Background: Recurrent Herpes Labialis (RHL) is one of most common infective vesiculoulcerative lesions. According to some studies administration of topical and/or systemic zinc compositions has been effective in treatment and prevention. This article aims to comparison of zinc level in healthy subjects and RHL patients in acute and convalescent phases. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective case - control study, carried on 80 individuals (40 normal and 40 RHL patients) mean age=34.5 and 34.4, respectively. Saliva samples were taken in patients in acute phase once and after healing of lesions in convalescent phase (averagely 21 days later) and in normal individuals. Salivary zinc level concentration was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer by dry digestion method. The results were statistically analyzed with SPSS software by t-test (α=0.05). Results: Results showed that salivary zinc level in case group in acute and convalescent phases were 160.8 ngr /ml and 205.7 ngr/ml respectivly and significant differences between them were existed (P <0.05). Also significant differences were existed between zinc concentration in healthy subjects and patient groups (in both phases) (P=.001 and .002 for acute and convalescent phases respectively). Conclusion: According to the results, zinc level is significantly lower in acute phase than in convalescent phase and significantly lower in both phases compared to healthy individuals,so determination of serum zinc level and prescribing zinc complement in low serum status has both treatmental and preventive effects in RHL patients

Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy With Methylene Blue on Different Candida Species In Vitro: Evaluation of photodynamic therapy on different Candida species

Introduction: Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. The most common cause of this infection is Candida albicans. Considering the side effects of conventional antifungal therapies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue (a photosensitizer) in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei in vitro.Methods: In this experimental study, 200 samples of standard suspension (0.5 McFarland) were prepared from C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei (50 samples from each species). The samples of each species were divided into five groups (n=10), including photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, with or without laser irradiation, nystatin treatment, laser therapy, and control. Next, cultivation of samples was performed on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and the colonyforming units were determined after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test (P&lt;0.05).Results: The most sensitive and resistant species to nystatin therapy were C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. On the other hand, C. krusei was the most sensitive species to photodynamic therapy, and C. glabrata was the most resistant type to this treatment. The highest therapeutic effectiveness was attributed to nystatin therapy, although photodynamic therapy was also effective. Laser therapy was recognized as the least effective method.Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue, as a suitable adjunct therapy, can be effective in the management of candidiasis. It may also be a potential novel treatment for immunocompromised patients with oral candidiasis

Evaluation and comparison of antifungal effect of voriconazole with nystatin on candida species derived from neoplastic patients undergoing maxillofacial radiotherapy

Background: Radiotherapy is a common treatment for head-and-neck malignancies and causes complications such as oral candidiasis and the change of oral Candida species from albicans to nonalbicans. Voriconazole has acceptable antifungal effect. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antifungal effect of nystatin with voriconazole on these species. Materials and Methods: The samples used in this in vitro study were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism from patients before and 2 weeks after head-and-neck radiotherapy in Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital. The antifungal effect of nystatin and voriconazole was determined by microdilution method and measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration, and the results were analyzed by Mann–Whitney analysis. Results: The results showed that all species before and after radiotherapy showed 100% sensitivity to nystatin. Prior to radiotherapy, 57.1% of albicans species isolated were in the sensitive range (MIC ≤1) and 42.9% were in the dose-dependent range (MIC = 2) to voriconazole. After radiotherapy, 58.3% of albicans species were in the sensitive range and 41.7% of these species were in the dose-dependent range to voriconazole. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that before radiotherapy, all species were sensitive to nystatin, while a percentage of albicans and nonalbicans were resistant to voriconazole. In the 2nd week of radiotherapy similar to prior to radiotherapy, all species isolated from patients were sensitive to nystatin, while a percentage of albicans and nonalbicans were resistant to voriconazole