Current and Future Treatment Options for Hearing Loss

Hearing loss is caused by several factors, such as genetic, aging, drug, infection and exposure to loud sound and around 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss. Here, we discuss the current and future strategies for the treatment of hearing loss

The Outcomes of Dome Cut in Rhinoplasty versus Alternative Methods in Patients with Various Nasal Tip Deformities

Background: There were several techniques for reconstruction of nasal tip cartilage. Dome cut is a technique that has recently proposed for nasal tip projection, this method is recently concern regarding its efficacy.  Aim: This study was performed to determine the outcomes of rhinoplasty with dome cut vs. alternative methods in patients with various nasal tip deformities. Methods: A retrospective review from 36 cases was conducted. Patients were selected from a computerized rhinoplasty database of operative cases. The database was used to extract a subset population that had received the dome cut procedure and had follow-up data for 6 months or more after surgery. Patient satisfaction, physician evaluation, physical examination, blinded comparison of preoperative and postoperative photographs, and revision surgery necessitation were also analyzed in this review of results and complications. Results: Initially 41.7 percent had saddle nose deformity, 41.7% had nasal tip deformity, and 16.7% had other types of deformity. 94.4% had successful outcomes whether the technique and type of deformity had no effect on success of results (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the obtained results and comparison with other studies, it may be concluded that rhinoplasty with dome cut is a successful method and various methods and deformities have no effect on the outcomes

Tongue-in-Groove technique for Reconstruction of Nasal Tip Ptosis due to Rhinoplasty, A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: nasal tip ptosis is believed to be one of the most common nasal malformations with a relatively high prevalence in patients who underwent rhinoplasity operation. A variety of techniques has been defined for the surgical modification of tip ptosis. The TIG technique seems to be a multipurpose surgical approach for the modification of nose in the lower third region. TIG could be appropriate in the primary and most modified cases and to show better results, it has been integrated with other surgical systems.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate TIG technique in patients with nasal tip ptosis after Rhinoplasty, referring to Loghman-E- Hakim hospital, Tehran, Iran.Methods: In following descriptive cross-sectional study, surgical operation was carried out in thirty-three patients suffering from nasal tip ptosis between 2012 and 2013 using the described technique. The data were gathered in a questionnaire designed for this purpose. At the end, the degree of nasal ptosis was determined in these patients.Results: In this study, nasal shape was desirable in 75.7% of patients and there was no case of nasal ptosis. 82.8% of the patients were satisfied with the results. 81.1% of patients have not any complications. Other factors did not associate with nasal ptosis (P> 0.05).Conclusion: based on the results of this study and their comparison with other studies conducted in this field, TIG method after rhinoplasty can reduce nasal ptosis. Thus, it can be deduced they will be proper in the both primary and most revision cases.

Predicting the Tendency towards Rhinoplasty Based on Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Body image

Background: The prevalence of mental disorders and injuries among cosmetic surgery applicants is higher than normal people. Aim: The aim of the present study was to predict the tendency towards rhinoplasty based on obsessive compulsive personality disorder and body image. Methods: The study population consisted of 100 people (30 males and 70 females) applicants for rhinoplasty who were selected by convenience sampling method by referring to three limited surgery clinics in Tehran. The instruments included the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions in SPSS ver.21. Results: The findings showed a significant positive relationship between obsessive compulsive personality disorder and body image, AE subscale, AO subscale, and BAS subscale with tendency towards rhinoplasty. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that obsessive compulsive personality disorder (16.3% (R2 = 0.163)) and body image (14% (R2 = 0.141)) and altogether explain 54% (R2 = 0.540) of the tendency towards rhinoplasty. Conclusion: Most people who refer to cosmetic surgery clinics have obsessive-compulsive tendencies and negative body image, and, therefore, it is recommended that clients undergo psychological evaluation in these clinics before surgery

Chondrosarcoma of the Nasal Septum and Introduction of a Case Admitted to Department of Otolaryngology at Loghman Hakim Hospital

Chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor of the head and neck with a prevalence of 5-12% of all chondrosarcomas reported. The most common affected site in the head and neck is the larynx. Other sites include the craniofacial, maxilla, and mandible, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses. Clinical symptoms usually include a painless mass with bony swelling and one of the symptoms that the patient presents with is epistaxis nasal obstruction. The most appropriate treatment is radical surgery. This article introduces a 72-year-old man with a complaint of left nasal congestion, epistaxis, and swelling of middle canthus area of the left eye

Optic Neuritis Secondary to Paranasal Sinusitis: A Case Report

Background: Coexistence of optic neuritis (ON) and sinus disorder, particularly the concurrent presentation of both diseases, is a rare and unique condition. In this report, we describe a case of optic neuritis, which was accompanied by posterior ethmoid sinusitis. Case Presentation: Presented with right-sided acute progressive loss of vision in a 61-year-old female due to the direct spread of infection from ethmoid sinus to the optic nerve through dehiscent optic canal. Conclusions: A combination of medical therapy, prior to surgery, with broad spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids together with right-sided ethmoidectomy and sphenoidectomy  led to a complete recovery of vision. She was successfully treated and at follow up of first month, she presented the normal vision acuity.                                                    &nbsp

The Influence of PDS in Patients under Septoplastic Surgery

Background: It is a well-known fact that deviation of bony or cartilaginous septum can induce airway obstruction. Therefore, fixing the deviated part in a refined and straight line is one of the substantial challenges in otolaryngology. There are huge varieties of methods to eliminate this deviation.Aim: In this study, we desire to assess the efficiency of polydioxanone plate (PDS), fixed to the cartilage of nasal septum, to determine the mechanical safety over septoplasty, as the components of cartilage had been healed.Methods: In the following study, 48 patients with septal deviation, referring to an academic hospital in Iran for one year, were investigated. They underwent external and endoscopic septoplasty combined with the polydioxanone plate. The data was gathered in a questionnaire including the deviation of nasal septum, infection, septal hematoma, saddle nose, columella retraction and polly beak deformity.Results: Due to the septal injury resulted from trauma, a total of 27.1% patients was transferred to our hospital. Our results showed the cause and type of septal deviation had no effect on surgical results (p = 0.3), and acute complications were observed in only two patients (4.2%). After 3-6 months of follow up, 5 patients (10.42%) had long-term complications, while satisfactory results were obtained in 39 subjects (83%).Conclusion: Absorbable plate, polydioxanone, connected to cartilage was found safe and effective. It could facilitate the modification rates of surgical processes in septal deviation and had the ability to support the nasal dorsum till it gradually get recovered, without the long-term complications occurring in other techniques

Approaches of auditory hair cells induction from stem cells

Hair cells are the sensory epithelial cells of both the auditory and the vestibular systems in the inner ear of all vertebrates. Auditory hair cells are located in the organ of corti on a thin layer of basement membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. Damage to hair cells decreases hearing sensitivity. When these delicate hair cells in the cochlea are damaged, sound signals cannot be sent to the brain. In general, damage to the mammalian inner ear, is not returnable. In fact, a key goal in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss is to find appropriate procedures to replace the missing hair cells. Cell therapy is one of the treatment options for hearing loss. In this regard, studies focus on ways which hair cells can be provided from exogenous and endogenous stem cells. This review identified ways to induce auditory hair cells regeneration from stem cells as the potential therapeutic approaches for the hearing loss

Signaling Pathways Involved in Auditory Hair Cells Development

Auditory hair cells (HCs) cannot be spontaneously regenerated or replaced in mammalian damaged cochlea which leads to permanent deafness. On the other hand, regenerative ability of HCs in lower vertebrates such as birds and amphibians causes that researchers investigate underlying mechanisms and pathways which can possibly induce mammalian cochlear HCs regeneration and hearing recovery. Signaling cascades of HCs regeneration in lower vertebrate can be considered as the potential therapeutic option for the hearing loss in human. This paper reviews current knowledge about the main signaling pathways involved in HCs development in the mammalian cochlea

Stapedotomy and Stapedectomy Outcomes as Surgical Approaches in Juvenile Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review

Background: Pediatric otosclerosis is characterized by progressive conductive hearing loss with a relatively low incidence, compared to adults. The treatment approaches range from conservative options, such as hearing aids, to surgical managements including stapedectomy and stapedotomy. Aim: To compare hearing outcomes (air-bone gap<10 dB) after stapedectomy vs. stapedotomy in patients with juvenile otosclerosis. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies reporting the outcomes of stapedectomy and/or stapedotomy and those specifically defining the mixed data from data of each procedure for the patients under the age of 18 years old with juvenile sclerosis were included. On the other hand, post-operative air-bone gap was extracted. There was no time limitation for search of studies. Results: After evaluating all studies, post-operative air-bone gap below 10dB ranged from 66% to 91% of cases in stapedectomy group and from 66% to 92% in stapedotomy group. Conclusion:Based on the reviewed studies, we found similar success rates in hearing outcome of the patients with juvenile otosclerosis following stapedotomy and stapedectomy.