Transient Stability Analysis of Photovoltaic System with Experimental Shading Effects

This paper presents the transient stability analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system with account shading effects. Voltage and transient stability effect of PV system are assessed functions of an experimental study. The current advances in shading effect and temperature control of PV panels are studied. The study is performed on modeling and simulation of PV system with account shading effect. A shading effect system is introduced to reflect the transient response characteristics of PV generation model. An experimental setup is designed, constructed and assembled. The setup is provided with the necessary measuring instruments to carry out the required tests. A perspective on the other shading techniques for PV panels will be discussed in this paper

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Etiological Characterization of Emergency Department Acute Poisoning

Poisoning is frequently associated with psychological and physiological co-morbidities that can be assessed in order to improve patients\u27 management and reduce cost. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a review of emergency department (ED) poisonings to characterize its demographics and assess associated co-morbidities. The second objective is to explore correlation between personal history of diseases and poisonings. Predictors for poisonings and its outcomes were investigated and risk factors for suicidal poisoning and how it relates to mental illnesses were explored. Six hundred and forty nine cases admitted to ED between 2004 and 2007 were studied. Results indicate that difference in ethnic background was substantial as poisoning cases were predominantly African Americans (79.9%) between 36-45 years old with a male to female ratio of 1.3. Intentional illicit drug overdose was the greatest risk factor for ED poisonings, and among the 649 cases, heroin overdose was the most common cause of poisoning at 35.4% (n=230), cocaine overdose at 31.7% (n=206), heroin and cocaine overdose at 4.3% (n=28), multiple drug poisoning at 5.5% (n=36), and antidepressant/antipsychotic poisoning at 6% (n=39). A significant correlation between heroin poisonings and asthma (F=20.29, DF=1, p= .0001) was found, as well as between cocaine poisoning and hypertension (F=33.34, DF=1, p=.0001), and cocaine poisoning and cardiovascular diseases (F=35.34, DF=1, p=.0001). Another significant finding is the change in the pattern of the route of illicit drug use from injection to inhalation; it is thought this may reduce the rate of HIV and Hepatitis transmission via hypodermic needles among illicit drug users. As well, inhalation and insufflation may be risk factors that aggravate preexisting asthma. Mental illnesses, chiefly depression, remain one of the greatest risk factors for suicidal poisoning beside age, Hispanic race, gender, ingestion route and unemployment. This study provides supporting evidence that poisoning, particularly deliberate poisoning with illicit drugs remains a serious issue that significantly aggravates co-morbidities and raises treatment cost by increasing both the rate of hospitalization and hospital length of stay (LOS). Pragmatic guidelines and innovations in reducing heroin and cocaine abuse in these patients may lessen the severity of diseases and reduce its burden on the healthcare system and on society

Estimation of Crops’ Water Consumption by Remote Sensing: SEBAL Model Calculations Versus Ground Observation in the Irrigated Area of Lakhmass (Siliana, Northern Tunisia)

Agriculture remains a crucial sector in the Tunisian economy and is facing considerable hydric constraints due to climate change that needs to be addressed by appropriate irrigation water management. Assessing irrigation water requirements for the public irrigated areas (PIA) is therefore one of the priorities in supporting irrigation water management. In the present study, water consumption and requirements for the PIA of Lakhmass in Tunisia are assessed using remote sensing technology. PIA scale ET is estimated through the implementation of the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, by combining ERA5-land meteorological reanalysis data with visible, near-infrared, and thermal imagery satellites from high-resolution (10 m) Sentinel 2 images. The remote sensing data were combined with the seasonal supplied water to the PIA Lakhmass, collected at plot level. This study was conducted over five agricultural campaigns from 2016-2017 to 2020-2021. The results indicate that ET decreases in winter to be lower than 20 mm/month and increases in spring, 20 and 50 mm/month. During summer, it exceeds more than 70 mm/month. Furthermore, the results of the method were satisfactory, relevant, and encouraging, which could allow the monitoring of overconsumption with the identification of areas where there have been water losses. The seasonal ET was compared with water allocations which will allow calibrating the estimation of derived estimated from the SEBAL model. KEYWORDS: Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Water use, Remote sensing, GEE, SEBAL