Characterization Of Individual Submicron Perfluorocarbon Gas Bubbles By Ultrasonic Backscatter

Measurements were undertaken to determine the unknown microbubble-size distribution of a dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) emulsion consisting of in surfactant-stabilized water. The acoustic backscatter of 2-microsecond-duration tonebursts of 30-MHz focused ultrasound was measured from the emulsion as it moved in a coaxial flow. Calibration for the system was accomplished using 3-μm-radius polystyrene spheres, using a linear scattering model and literature values for polystyrene. Applying viscous linear scattering theory to the backscatter data from individual DDFP bubbles allowed inversion of the radius–backscatter relation. A mean microbubble radius of 130 nm was inferred for the DDFP population. © 2005 Acoustical Society of America

A case of arterial thrombosis with formation of an atypical fibrin-rich thrombus

Aim. To describe a case of arterial thrombosis with a thrombus that had atypical composition due to profound pathological changes in the cellular and protein composition of the blood. Methods. Scanning electron microscopy of an ex vivo thrombus extracted from the common femoral artery. Results. In the absence of platelets and leukocytes there was a significant prevalence of fibrin over other blood components in all layers of the arterial thrombus. There were no morphological signs of intravital contraction (retraction) characteristic for thrombi: single erythrocytes were not exposed compressive deformation, redistribution of fibrin and platelets within the thrombus toward the periphery. Formation of the atypical arterial thrombus in the vessel with atherosclerotic vessel damage is probably due to association with severe hyperfibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion. The structure of a thrombus depends not only on its vascular location (arterial or venous), but also on the cellular and protein composition of the blood. These factors support diversification of antithrombotic therapy, considering composition and properties of thrombi irrespective of the place and hemodynamic conditions of their formation

Productivity of corn Ross 140 depending on the level of the chemicalization of zonal soils of the republic of Tatarstan

It is known that one and the same corn plant material can be used to produce silage, cornage, milled grain, or grain for fodder. Each of them contains completely different amounts of nutrients and a wide range of gross yield of fodder units. The results of the research show the direct dependence of the choice of corn use on zonal features of the soil cover and the existing level of chemicalization of agricultural formations of the Republic of Tatarstan, which are considered in detail in this paper. Thus, in order to produce the ploughed grain or corn with the gross harvest of fodder units 7.94–8.82 t/ha and profitability of 78.7% on leached chernozems, which account for 38% of soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is recommended to cultivate corn using the complex application of agromeliorants and calculated norms of mineral fertilizers. Liming of acidic dark gray and gray forest soils with phosphorite and zeolite application in combination with NPK provides increase in gross harvest of fodder units of corn silage from 4.22 to 6.13 and 3.34 to 5.86 t/ha respectively. The high efficiency of agrochemicals application on corn crops and forage harvesting of different types of fodder taking into account zonal features of soil cover of the Republic of Tatarstan is also confirmed by economic indicators. The profitability of production of rolled grain reaches the maximum value (78.8%) in the variant with liming and phosphating of leached chernozem combined with the application of mineral fertilizers in rates calculated for obtaining the planned 35 t/ha of green mass. At the same time, on dark gray and gray forest soils as the yield of green mass increases under the influence of agromeliorants the total costs of silage production increases by 13.1 and 16.5 thousand rubles/ha compared with the control variants of the experiment (without agrochemicals). However, the costs of production of 1 000 fodder units are reduced to 9.9 and 10.4 thousand rubles respectively, provided that the sale price is about14 thousand rubles

Shape changes of erythrocytes during blood clot contraction and the structure of polyhedrocytes

© 2018, The Author(s). Polyhedral erythrocytes, named polyhedrocytes, are formed in contracted blood clots and thrombi, as a result of compression by activated contractile platelets pulling on fibrin. This deformation was shown to be mechanical in nature and polyhedrocytes were characterized using light and electron microscopy. Through three-dimensional reconstruction, we quantified the geometry of biconcave, intermediate, and polyhedral erythrocytes within contracting blood clots. During compression, erythrocytes became less oblate and more prolate than the biconcave cells and largely corresponded to convex, irregular polyhedra with a total number of faces ranging from 10 to 16. Faces were polygons with 3 to 6 sides. The majority of the faces were quadrilaterals, though not all sides were straight and not all faces were flat. There were no changes in the surface area or volume. These results describe the gradual natural deformation of erythrocytes as a part of compaction into a tightly packed array that is an important but understudied component of mature blood clots and thrombi

КОРРЕКЦИЯ ЭНДОТЕЛИЙЗАВИСИМЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ МИКРОЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КРОВИ, УРОВНЯ РАБОТОСПОСОБНОСТИ, ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО И ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТАТУСА У ЮНЫХ И МОЛОДЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ АПИФИТОПРОДУКЦИИ

The function of endothelium of microcirculation vessels, vegetative and psychoemotional status, lipid spectrum and physical efficiency in 43 young sportsmen are corrected with the aid of Tentorium api-phyto products (APP).The following tests were conducted: samples of reactive hyperemia and hyperventilation, ultrasound investigation of brachial artery, determination of performance efficiency, total cholesterin, triglycerides, cortisol, red cells, vegetative and psychoemotional status by the Spielberger’s test and SAN test, as well as biomicroscopy of sclera. To relief the psychophysical stress, improve the endothelium function and performance efficiency, the sportsmen received APP as a food additive.After the reception of APP, the lipid and cortisol levels decreased markedly, and the level of red cells increased. The aerobic capacity increased. The recovery time after exercise shortened. The vegetative stress level decreased significantly, and the psychoemotional status improved. The endothelium dysfunction removed.It is shown that APP is a new method of prophylaxis of sudden death in sport, in people with blood circulation pathology, creative professionals, and businessmen.Проведена коррекция функции эндотелия сосудов микроциркуляции, вегетативного и психоэмоционального статуса, липидного спектра и физической работоспособности у 43 юных и молодых спортсменов с помощью апифитопродукции (АФП) «Тенториум».Выполнены пробы с реактивной гиперемией, гипервентиляцией, УЗИ плечевой артерии. Определение работоспособности, общего холестерина, триглицеридов, кортизола, эритроцитов, вегетативного и психоэмоционального статуса тестами «САН: самочувствие, активность, настроение» и Спилбергера, а также биомикроскопия склеры. Для снижения психофизического перенапряжения, улучшения функции эндотелия и работоспособности спортсмены в течение месяца применяли АФП.Значимо понизились уровни липидов и кортизола, повысился уровень эритроцитов после применения АФП. Увеличилась мощность аэробной нагрузки. Сокращено время восстановления после нагрузки. Значимо снизился вегетативный индекс напряжения, улучшился психоэмоциональный статус и умственная деятельность. Устранена дисфункция эндотелия.Показано, что АФП является новым способом профилактики внезапной смерти в спорте, а также у лиц с патологией кровообращения

Age-Dependent Differential Staining of Fibrin in Blood Clots and Thrombi

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. It has been known for a long time that histologically fibrin can be visualized as a fibrous structure of variable colors, even when stained with the same histochemical technique. The reason for this phenomenon called metachromasia remains unknown. We hypothesized that metachromasia is related to fibrin structural maturation and age. To establish a link between the color of fibrin in histological preparations and the age of blood clots and thrombi. Using the Picro-Mallory staining technique, we studied changes in fibrin color in histological preparations of in vitro human plasma clots at various time points within 48 h after formation in the absence and presence of platelets. Also, we used the same stain to visualize fibrin in histological sections of ex vivo human cerebral thrombi of different maturity. In histological preparations of plasma clots formed either in the absence or in the presence of platelets, fibrin was distinctively polychromic depending on the time lapse between formation and chemical fixation of the clot. In the 30-min and 6-h clots (“young” clots), fibrin was red; after 6–12 h (“mature” clots), fibrin was purple or violet; at 24 or 48 h (“old” clots), fibrin was blue. In thrombi removed from cerebral arteries of ischemic stroke patients, fibrin also stained differentially. The colors generally corresponded to the time from the onset of stroke to the time of intravital thrombectomy, such that fibrin in the younger thrombi was red or purple, while in the older thrombi, fibrin was blue. The Picro-Mallory stain can be used to assess histologically the maturity of fibrin in blood clots, thrombi, and thrombotic emboli based on the age-dependent differential staining of fibrin. A color-temporal scale is proposed that can help pathologists to estimate the age of a blood clot or thrombus

Age-Dependent Differential Staining of Fibrin in Blood Clots and Thrombi

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. It has been known for a long time that histologically fibrin can be visualized as a fibrous structure of variable colors, even when stained with the same histochemical technique. The reason for this phenomenon called metachromasia remains unknown. We hypothesized that metachromasia is related to fibrin structural maturation and age. To establish a link between the color of fibrin in histological preparations and the age of blood clots and thrombi. Using the Picro-Mallory staining technique, we studied changes in fibrin color in histological preparations of in vitro human plasma clots at various time points within 48 h after formation in the absence and presence of platelets. Also, we used the same stain to visualize fibrin in histological sections of ex vivo human cerebral thrombi of different maturity. In histological preparations of plasma clots formed either in the absence or in the presence of platelets, fibrin was distinctively polychromic depending on the time lapse between formation and chemical fixation of the clot. In the 30-min and 6-h clots (“young” clots), fibrin was red; after 6–12 h (“mature” clots), fibrin was purple or violet; at 24 or 48 h (“old” clots), fibrin was blue. In thrombi removed from cerebral arteries of ischemic stroke patients, fibrin also stained differentially. The colors generally corresponded to the time from the onset of stroke to the time of intravital thrombectomy, such that fibrin in the younger thrombi was red or purple, while in the older thrombi, fibrin was blue. The Picro-Mallory stain can be used to assess histologically the maturity of fibrin in blood clots, thrombi, and thrombotic emboli based on the age-dependent differential staining of fibrin. A color-temporal scale is proposed that can help pathologists to estimate the age of a blood clot or thrombus

Morphological signs of the intravital contraction (retraction) of thrombotic emboli

Aim. To establish whether contraction (retraction) of thrombi and thrombotic emboli occurs in vivo using structural signs of blood clot compression, such as compressive deformation of erythrocytes and redistribution of fibrin on the surface of a clot. Methods. Three postmortem pulmonary thrombotic emboli were examined by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy after staining with hematoxylin and eosin as well as with Mallory’s method. Results. In 2 studied pulmonary emboli, extracted 7 and 15 hours after patients’ death, polyhedral erythrocytes (polyhedrocytes) were revealed that were formed as a result of mechanical deformation under the action of contractile forces generated by activated platelets. In addition, the uneven distribution of fibrin within the emboli was found with displacement of fibrin to the periphery of the emboli, which is characteristic for contracted blood clot. In the first and the «oldest» clot extracted 38 hours after the patient’s death, the described contraction signs were absent, which was likely related to the postmortem autolysis or intravital pathological impairment of contraction. Conclusion. Thrombotic emboli ex vivo have morphological signs of contraction, suggesting intravital compression of the primary thrombi and/or thrombotic emboli, which might be an important pathogenetic mechanism for modulation of impaired blood flow at the sites of thrombotic occlusion of a vessel; the presence or absence of compressed erythrocytes inside and predominant location of fibrin on the periphery of a thrombus or embolus can potentially serve as additional pathomorphological criteria of death coming prescription