Determination of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Anogenital Cancers in Myanmar

Molecular and epidemiologic investigations suggest a causal role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital cancers. This study identified oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in a 2013 cross-sectional descriptive study in Myanmar. In total, 100 biopsy tissues of histologically confirmed anogenital cancers collected in 2008-2012 were studied, including 30 penile and 9 anal cancers from Yangon General Hospital and 61 vulvar cancers from Central Women's Hospital, Yangon. HPV-DNA testing and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Overall, 34% of anogenital cancers were HPV-positive. HPV was found in 44.4% of anal (4/9), 36.1% of vulvar (22/61), and 26.7% of penile (8/30) cancers. The most frequent genotypes in anal cancers were HPV 16 (75%) and 18 (25%). In vulvar cancers, HPV 33 was most common (40.9%), followed by 16 (31.8%), 31 (22.7%), and 18 (4.6%). In penile cancers, HPV 16 (62.5%) was most common, followed by 33 (25%) and 18 (12.5%). This is the first report of evidencebased oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in Myanmar. This research provides valuable information for understanding the burden of HPV-associated cancers of the anus, penis, and vulva and considering the effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination

Consistency Control Based On Commutative Replicated Data Type

Commuting operations greatly simplifyconsistency in distributed systems. A CommutativeReplicated Data Type (CRDT) is one where allconcurrent operations commute. The replicas of aCRDT converge automatically without complexconcurrency control .In this paper, Treedoc; a CRDTdesign for cooperative text editing is described incooperative editing system in groupware application.An essential property is that the identifiers of Treedocatoms are selected from a dense space. UsingTreedoc CRDT, we present how to control theconsistency in groupware application

Implementation of Neural Network Based Electricity Load Forecasting

This paper proposed a novel model for short term load forecast (STLF) in the electricity market. The prior electricity demand data are treated as time series. The model is composed of several neural networks whose data are processed using a wavelet technique. The model is created in the form of a simulation program written with MATLAB. The load data are treated as time series data. They are decomposed into several wavelet coefficient series using the wavelet transform technique known as Non-decimated Wavelet Transform (NWT). The reason for using this technique is the belief in the possibility of extracting hidden patterns from the time series data. The wavelet coefficient series are used to train the neural networks (NNs) and used as the inputs to the NNs for electricity load prediction. The Scale Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm is used as the learning algorithm for the NNs. To get the final forecast data, the outputs from the NNs are recombined using the same wavelet technique. The model was evaluated with the electricity load data of Electronic Engineering Department in Mandalay Technological University in Myanmar. The simulation results showed that the model was capable of producing a reasonable forecasting accuracy in STLF

Indo-US Relations: Indo-US Nuclear Deal and Its Impact

National security and national interests, in terms of realist premises are the core value for every nations whether it is big power or small power in international system . Security and defense strategy of the US and India after the Cold War has been significantly outlined the importance of national interests in The "strategic Partnership" pursued by the US Administration under the President Bush in 2004 was remarkably a turning point in Indo-US relations. Progressively, Obama-Modi relation is also supportive to 200S Indo-US Nuclear Deal though the US Congress and India opposition groups harshly criticized at the implementation of the Deal under internatima1ly recognized measures and standards. India and Pakistan, the rival regional power in south Am are, in fact, unilaterally withdrew from Non-Nuclear Proliferation (NPI) as signatories after 2010 missile tests. The US together with European Union imposed sanction both India and Pakistan for nuclear missile tests Here, it is necessary understand the security and defense priority of both countries is to be observed based on mutual national interests. It also needs to study major factors that force India and the US to continue strategic partnership under the context of Indian Ocean Region (IOR). At least, it hopes to learn lessons from 2005 Indo-US Nuclear Deal negotiation of India and the US in context of Civilian purpose nuclear technology in country developmen

Investigation of Various Plants Naturally Grown in Yaw Region for the Purpose of Preparation of Myanmar Indigenous Medicine

Some plants naturally grown in the Yaw region located in the northwest of Myanmar were analyzed by the EDXRF spectrometer with a view to understanding of their usefulness in the development of Myanmar indigenous medicines. The results obtained show that the plants of interest are usable in the development of indigenous medicines for the treatment of some diseases

Preparation of Fungal and Bacterial Spores’ formation Slides

Spores’ formation slides of microorganisms are useful as teaching aids for upper secondary students, undergraduate student and researchers especially for the Microbiology specialization. In the agriculture and clinical laboratories, studies on spores’ formation slides play an important role for identifying their cells or spores structure. In this study, seven bacteria were isolated from litter soil, Botany garden, University of Yangon. Bacterial spores’ formation such as Cocci, Diplococci, Staphylococci, Coccobacilli, Bacilli, Diplobacilli and Streptobacilliwere studied. And also seven fungi including Rhizoctonia, Trichoderma, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Culvularia species were purified and cultured on Czapekdox agar medium. The characteristics of spores’ formation of fungi were then studied under microscope using Lactophenol Cotton Blue. In addition, spores’ formation slides of 2 different yeasts from toddy juice and bean sprout pickle were prepared and studied by Gram staining method. The qualified prepared slides will be beneficial for teaching and learning microbiology in the academic as well as research area

Consumption of fruits and vegetables and associations with risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Yangon region of Myanmar: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To explore the intake of fruits and vegetables in the Yangon region, Myanmar, and to describe associations between intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and established risk factors for non-communicable diseases. DESIGN: 2 cross-sectional studies, using the STEPs methodology. SETTING: Urban and rural areas of the Yangon region of Myanmar. PARTICIPANTS: 1486, men and women, 25-74 years, were recruited through a multistage cluster sampling method. Institutionalised people, military personnel, Buddhist monks and nuns were not invited. Physically and mentally ill people were excluded. RESULTS: Mean intake of fruit was 0.8 (SE 0.1) and 0.6 (0.0) servings/day and of vegetables 2.2 (0.1) and 1.2 (0.1) servings/day, in urban and rural areas, respectively. Adjusted for included confounders (age, sex, location, income, education, smoking and low physical activity), men and women eating ≥2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day had lower odds than others of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.94)). On average, women eating at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day had cholesterol levels 0.28 mmol/L lower than the levels of other women. When only adjusted for sex and age, men eating at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day had cholesterol levels 0.27 mmol/L higher than other men. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of FV was associated with lower odds of hypertriglyceridaemia among men and women. It was also associated with cholesterol levels, negatively among women and positively among men

Disaster preparedness and resilience at household level in Yangon, Myanmar

Resilience has become important in disaster preparedness and response. Unfortunately, little is known about resilience at the household level. This study presents the results of a survey into individual and household level preparedness to disaster events in Yangon, Myanmar, which is prone to natural disasters such as tropical cyclones, flooding, and earthquakes. The study aimed to understand societal resilience and to provide information that could be used to develop a holistic framework. In four different Yangon townships, 440 households were interviewed. The results of the survey indicate how risk preparedness could be improved by specific measures related to the following five factors: (1) increasing the general public's knowledge of first aid and its role in preparedness; (2) improving mobile phone infrastructure and capacity building in its usage so that it can be used for communication during disasters, along with building up a redundant communication structure; (3) better use and organisation of volunteer potential; (4) more specific involvement of religious and public buildings for disaster response; and (5) developing specific measures for improving preparedness in urban areas, where the population often has reduced capacities for coping with food supply insufficiencies due to the high and immediate availability of food, shops and goods in regular times. The findings of this survey have led to specific recommendations for Yangon. The identified measures represent a first step in developing a more general framework. Future research could investigate the transferability of these measures to other areas and thus their suitability as a basis for a framework