Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with hydatid cysts in Khorasan Razavi Province, from 2011 to 2014

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with hydatid cyst during 2011 to 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Prov-ince, the Northeast of Iran, from 2011 to 2014. The study population was all cases with hydatid cyst who diagnosed in governmental and private laboratories, hospitals and health centers (HC) in Khorasan Razavi Province during 2011-14. Results: The prevalence rate of hydatidosis was 1.44 per 100000 individuals. Of 357 cases, 54.9 were women, 40.3 rural, 45.8 housewives, and 3.4 were Afghan. The mean age of women was higher than that of men (39.13�18.9 compared to 34.7�17.9 yr, respectively, P-value=0.025). The highest proportion of cases (39.2) was in the age group of 21-40 yr old. Abdominal pain was re-ported in 42.3 of cases. Liver involvement was the most common localization of hydatid cyst reported in 59.4 of patients, and 8.4 had multiple organ in-volvement. The common diagnosis methods of the disease were radiology (42.3) followed by CT scan (37.8). 45.9 of patients had domestic dog and hygiene principles of washing the vegetables was adhered by 6.7 of patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of human hydatidosis, as a most important neglected disease, should be considered by health policy-makers in public health domain. In addition, educational programs to better recognition of the disease symptoms, and to identify the infection sources are needed in high risk group of population. � 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

Quercetin and raloxifene effect on breast cancer cell viability, migration, nitric oxide secretion and apoptotic genes expression

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among females all over the world.The use of natural and complementary compounds is a new option in chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergic effect of Quercetin (QUR) and Raloxifene (RAL) on BC cell lines in vitro. Materials and Methods: The cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were treated with QUR (0, 25 50, 100, 150, 200 µM), and RAL (1 µM) alone, and in combination. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Griess method were used to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and NO level of biological samples respectively. Changes in the expression of apoptotic-related genes were detected using real-time PCR. Results: QUR (100, 150 and 200 µM) decreased cell viability significantly in MDA231 and MCF7 cells (p<0.01). Furthermore, Ral (1 µM) showed a significant decrease in both cell types (p<0.01). The synergistic effect of QUR (150) and RAL was also greater in MDA231 cells. NO levels in QUR, Ral, and synergic groups increased significantly in both cell lines (p<0.001). In treated groups, QUR and RAL significantly decreased cell migration, MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and increased apoptotic genes expression significantly (p<0.001). QUR increased TAC in both BC cell lines (p<0.00) while it was decreased by RAL. Synergic groups increased TAC in BC cells significantly (p<0.001). Conclusions: QUR and RAL show synergistic anti-cancer effects on cell viability, NO production, cell migration, and apoptotic genes. QUR as a supplement can potentiate the anti-cancer effects of RAL in BC

Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Blastocystis is one of the most common pathogens of the human intestine, caused by an emerging parasite, which can lead to severe symptoms and even death in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the global prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in people with immunodeficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases to select all observational studies reporting the prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in Worldwide, based on different diagnostic methods in immunocompromised patients of any age and published from inception to February 2019. Pooled estimates and 95 confidence intervals (95 CIs) were calculated using random effects models and in addition, the I(2) statistic was calculated. The geographic distribution of studies was evaluated and the diagnosis of Blastocystis was compared by various techniques. Electronic databases were reviewed for Blastocystosis infection in HIV/AIDS, cancer and other immunocompromised patients, and meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the overall estimated prevalence. Total68 eligible studies were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10 (95 CI, 7-13; I(2) 96.04) (P < 0.001), of whom 21 18-25 were in Australia, 12% 4-24 in America, 11% 6-17 in Europe and 10% 5-15, 7% 3-13 in Asia and Africa, respectively. It was calculated that the estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10% and the prevalence estimates ranged from 0.44 to 72.39. Also, overall the prevalence of parasites co-infection in immunocompromised patients was detected as 0.024%. Our finding showed that immunocompromised people show a high prevalence of Blastocystosis infection compared to the control population. Adequate information on the prevalence rate is still missing from many countries. However, current information underscore that Blastocystis should not be neglected

Assessment of related factors on delay in diagnosis of patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis

Background: Approximately, one third of the world population is infected with tuberculosis (TB) germs and is put at risk of tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for more than 80 percent of cases, mostly in adults with positive sputum smear. The mortality and morbidity of the disease are associated with delay in diagnosis. Delay in diagnosis can be related to the patients or the health care system. Methods: In this historical cohort study, all the patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Hamadan province from 21 March 2006 to 20 March 2012 were studied. Data on demographic characteristics, and clinical and treatment status of patients were extracted using patient registry software entitled TB Register. To determine the relationship between variables and the bacillus load, chi-square test was used. The logistic regression model was used to examine the co-effects of both variables on bacillus load of the patients at the time of the diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Stata11 software. Findings: From 440 patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 51 (221 patients) were men and 49 (219 patients) were women. 57 (251 people) were living in urban and others in rural areas. The grade of sputum smear at the time of diagnosis was associated with area of residence, age group, and gender, that all were statistically significant. Delay in diagnosis among women, was approximately 0.55 of men and those in urban areas were 67 higher than in rural areas, which were both statistically significant. Conclusion: Individual factors play important role in delayed diagnosis, regarding that men are diagnosed later than the women. Screening programs in the workplace are recommended. Sensitization of private physicians would be effective in early identification of patients in urban areas. © 2015 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with hydatid cysts in Khorasan Razavi Province, from 2011 to 2014

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with hydatid cyst during 2011 to 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Prov-ince, the Northeast of Iran, from 2011 to 2014. The study population was all cases with hydatid cyst who diagnosed in governmental and private laboratories, hospitals and health centers (HC) in Khorasan Razavi Province during 2011-14. Results: The prevalence rate of hydatidosis was 1.44 per 100000 individuals. Of 357 cases, 54.9 were women, 40.3 rural, 45.8 housewives, and 3.4 were Afghan. The mean age of women was higher than that of men (39.13±18.9 compared to 34.7±17.9 yr, respectively, P-value=0.025). The highest proportion of cases (39.2) was in the age group of 21-40 yr old. Abdominal pain was re-ported in 42.3 of cases. Liver involvement was the most common localization of hydatid cyst reported in 59.4 of patients, and 8.4 had multiple organ in-volvement. The common diagnosis methods of the disease were radiology (42.3) followed by CT scan (37.8). 45.9 of patients had domestic dog and hygiene principles of washing the vegetables was adhered by 6.7 of patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of human hydatidosis, as a most important neglected disease, should be considered by health policy-makers in public health domain. In addition, educational programs to better recognition of the disease symptoms, and to identify the infection sources are needed in high risk group of population. © 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

Biosorption and recovery of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions by nonliving biomass of marine brown algae of Sargassum sp.

In this study, the biosorption properties of a pre-treated nonliving biomass of marine brown algae of Sargassum species in the removal of Cu 2+ and Zn2+ ions were investigated. Kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, recovery of metals and regeneration of the Sargassum biomass were carried out under different laboratory conditions using batch reactor. Biosorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ was rapidly occurred onto Sargassum biomass and most of the sorbed metal was bound in less than 60 min. The removal performance for Zn2+ by the biomass was found more than Cu2+, with maximum uptake values of 1.914 and 1.314 mg g-1 dry weight biomass for Zn2+ and Cu2+, respectively. Optimum biosorption pH value of Cu2+ and Zn2+ was determined as 5 at lab temperature. At the optimal condition, metal ion uptake increased with initial Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentration upto 200 and 500 mg L-1, respectively. The Cu2+ and Zn 2+ uptake by Sargassum biomass was best described by pseudo-second order rate equation. The results showed that the Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for describing the passive biosorption of Cu2+ and Zn 2+ by the dead biomass of Sargassum. Removal of the biosorbed Cu 2+ and Zn2+ from Sargassum biomass was successfully achieved by eluting with 0.1 M HNO3 for 15 min and a high degree of metal recovery was observed. For optimum operation in the subsequent metal uptake cycle, regeneration of the Sargassum biomass was efficiently performed by 0.1 M CaCl2 for 15 min. In repeated use of biomass experiment, the Cu2+ and Zn2+ uptake capacity of Sargassum biomass was approximately retained and no significant biomass change took place after three biosorption-desorption cycles. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Biosorption and recovery of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions by nonliving biomass of marine brown algae of Sargassum sp.

In this study, the biosorption properties of a pre-treated nonliving biomass of marine brown algae of Sargassum species in the removal of Cu 2+ and Zn2+ ions were investigated. Kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, recovery of metals and regeneration of the Sargassum biomass were carried out under different laboratory conditions using batch reactor. Biosorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ was rapidly occurred onto Sargassum biomass and most of the sorbed metal was bound in less than 60 min. The removal performance for Zn2+ by the biomass was found more than Cu2+, with maximum uptake values of 1.914 and 1.314 mg g-1 dry weight biomass for Zn2+ and Cu2+, respectively. Optimum biosorption pH value of Cu2+ and Zn2+ was determined as 5 at lab temperature. At the optimal condition, metal ion uptake increased with initial Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentration upto 200 and 500 mg L-1, respectively. The Cu2+ and Zn 2+ uptake by Sargassum biomass was best described by pseudo-second order rate equation. The results showed that the Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for describing the passive biosorption of Cu2+ and Zn 2+ by the dead biomass of Sargassum. Removal of the biosorbed Cu 2+ and Zn2+ from Sargassum biomass was successfully achieved by eluting with 0.1 M HNO3 for 15 min and a high degree of metal recovery was observed. For optimum operation in the subsequent metal uptake cycle, regeneration of the Sargassum biomass was efficiently performed by 0.1 M CaCl2 for 15 min. In repeated use of biomass experiment, the Cu2+ and Zn2+ uptake capacity of Sargassum biomass was approximately retained and no significant biomass change took place after three biosorption-desorption cycles. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Impact of cancers on the kidney function and structure; An ignored entity

Important declines have been observed in urological cancer-related mortality in recent decades, mainly due to improvements in treatments of prostate cancer, less exposure to tobacco smoking as well as occupational carcinogens of kidney and bladder. However, because of global population ageing, age-related urinary tract cancers are expected to increase in the near future despite improved primary prevention, early detection and more efficient treatment. In this article, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), kidney transplantation, cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD), breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervix cancer and brain cancer and their associations with kidney function and structure have been discussed. In conclusion, kidney and cancers have interaction with each other. Kidney carcinoma can be metastasizing to other organs as well as other cancer to kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the potential effect of kidney functions and interaction with other cancers in each malignancy. © 2018 The Author(s)

Impact of cancers on the kidney function and structure; An ignored entity

Important declines have been observed in urological cancer-related mortality in recent decades, mainly due to improvements in treatments of prostate cancer, less exposure to tobacco smoking as well as occupational carcinogens of kidney and bladder. However, because of global population ageing, age-related urinary tract cancers are expected to increase in the near future despite improved primary prevention, early detection and more efficient treatment. In this article, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), kidney transplantation, cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD), breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervix cancer and brain cancer and their associations with kidney function and structure have been discussed. In conclusion, kidney and cancers have interaction with each other. Kidney carcinoma can be metastasizing to other organs as well as other cancer to kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the potential effect of kidney functions and interaction with other cancers in each malignancy