Controlling Android Based Smart Phone in Sindhi

Due to its various domestic and industrial applications, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has given birth to many of the attractive speech recognition applications since previous decades. Various speech recognition systems are available, but the availability is rare other than the case except English language Although, speech recognition systems in many languages other than English are a rare occurrence for non-native English speakers who rely on speech to control a variety of devices or applications. The aim of this research is to create an android application, where “Sindhi Language” could be recognized and processed, and necessary actions are performed according to given commands through Android phones. The Android application has been designed to understand selected Sindhi words and sentences, spoken by the user. This system recognizes voices of people in an environment with moderate level of noise as well as without noise. The Android-based Sindhi speech recognition framework is implemented by using React Native technology. The technology aids in the development of applications by allowing them to be reloaded instantly and without the need to recompile them. Native Sindhi speakers performed better than non-native Sindhi speakers in terms of accuracy. Users who speak Sindhi will benefit from this Android application, which makes it easier to use smartphones using local language rather than having to speak English

Molecular characterization and transcriptome profiling of expansin genes isolated from Calotropis procera fibers

The Calotropis procera seed fibers provide an excellent model system to study the genes involved in fiber elongation, fineness and strength. Expansins constitute one of the important gene families involved in plant cell expansion and other cell wall modification processes. Four homologs of Expansin A gene i.e. CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4 were isolated from the cDNA library obtained from fast growing Calotropis procera fibers. These homologs represented typical Expansin A family. Each of them had two conserved domains including GH45 like domain and the putative polysaccharide binding domain. The deduced amino acid sequences of the homologs indicated three conserved motifs: i) eight cysteine residues at N-terminus, ii) four tryptophan residues at C-terminus and iii) a Histidine-Phenylalanine-Aspartate motif in the center of the sequence. The presence of N-terminal signal peptide consisting of hydrophobic amino acids and a transmembrane region in all these expansin isoforms suggests their cotranslational insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum and then transportation to the cell wall by secretory pathway. The relative quantification of the four expansins in root, stem, fiber and leave tissues indicated that the transcripts of CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4 are variably transcribed in these tissues. The lowest transcription of all the four Expansin A isoforms was observed in elongating roots indicating that root tissue might be having specific expansins other than those confined to air grown organs

Balochi Speech Recognition using Android Based Smart Phone

The latest era of computers is called the Artificial Intelligence where multiple intelligent machines are working to ease the life of a common people. Interacting with machines via human language is one of the hot areas called Natural Language Processing (NLP). The various language speech recognition systems are already built and there is a need to build the speech recognition system for languages which are lacking in various computing resources. Balochi language is one of the Pakistani languages which lacks computing resources such as automatic speech recognition system. This paper presents the Balochi Speech Recognition system in which the Android mobile phone is controlled by speaking Balochi words. The Balochi speech recognition system calls or opens the various installed applications when the user speaks in Balochi language. For the sampling purpose a total of 230 subjects were selected to record the samples of 2300 words. These words have been recorded in various environments including silent and noisy environment. The android platform-based Balochi speech recognition system has been designed which takes input from Balochi speakers in Balochi language and performs some activities based on the proposed model. The Android application is designed to understand Balochi words. The system has been build using React Native technology. The Balochi speech recognition system has been tested for various Balochi words and produced an average accuracy of 89% and 81% for native and non-native speakers of Balochi language. The system is capable to be extended in various directions and to be applied in multiple area-based applications. Users who speak Balochi language will benefit from this Android application, which makes it easier to use smartphones using local language rather than having to speak English

Cloning and expression analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) hybrid promoter isolated from Zea mays

Hybrid promoters are created by shuffling of DNA fragments while keeping intact regulatory regions crucial of promoter activity. Two fragments of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) promoter from Zea mays were selected to generate hybrid promoter. Sequence analysis of both alcohol dehydrogenase promoter fragments through bioinformatics tools identified several crucial cis regulatory elements and transcription factors binding sites. Both fragments were separately cloned in the TA vector (pTZ57R/T) and fused to get the complete hybrid promoter (Adh-H). Alcohol dehydrogenase hybrid promoter was further cloned in expression vector pGR1 through adaptor ligation. Transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay revealed that hybrid promoter exhibited high expression under anaerobic conditions in wheat tissues. From the study it is concluded that hybrid promoter (Adh-H) may be used to derive gene expression in monocots during anaerobic conditions. The present work also provides an important insight in the designing of hybrid monocot promoters to improve multiple traits in crops without facing intellectual property rights (IPRs) issues.Key words: Hybrid promoter, histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay staining, cis regulatory elements, alcohol dehydrogenase, Zea mays

Molecular characterization and transcriptome profiling of expansin genes isolated from Calotropis procera fibers

The Calotropis procera seed fibers provide an excellent model system to study the genes involved in fiber elongation, fineness and strength. Expansins constitute one of the important gene families involved in plant cell expansion and other cell wall modification processes. Four homologs of Expansin A gene i.e. CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4 were isolated from the cDNA library obtained from fast growing Calotropis procera fibers. These homologs represented typical Expansin A family. Each of them had two conserved domains including GH45 like domain and the putative polysaccharide binding domain. The deduced amino acid sequences of the homologs indicated three conserved motifs: i) eight cysteine residues at N-terminus, ii) four tryptophan residues at C-terminus and iii) a Histidine-Phenylalanine-Aspartate motif in the center of the sequence. The presence of N-terminal signal peptide consisting of hydrophobic amino acids and a transmembrane region in all these expansin isoforms suggests their cotranslational insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum and then transportation to the cell wall by secretory pathway. The relative quantification of the four expansins in root, stem, fiber and leave tissues indicated that the transcripts of CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4 are variably transcribed in these tissues. The lowest transcription of all the four Expansin A isoforms was observed in elongating roots indicating that root tissue might be having specific expansins other than those confined to air grown organs