Comparison of protective effects of omega3 fish oil and aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root on biochemical factors and liver tissue changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats

Background and aims: Thioacetamide can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. This study was aimed to evaluate the ability of omega3 fish oil and Glycyrrhiza glabra aqueous extract to attenuate biochemical factors and liver tissue changes induced by thioacetamide. Methods: In this experimental study, 63 wistar male rats were divided into 9 groups. Control group, Sham group received 0.4ml olive oil orally per day for 3 months. Thioacetamide group received 150 mg/kg of TAA intraperitoneally in a single dose for 3 months. Experimental groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 100, 200, 300 mg/kg of omega3 fish oil and aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root orally per day for 3 months and 150 mg/kg of TAA intraperitoneally in a single dose for 3 months. The provided blood samples were tested for serum levels of bilirubin, albumin, and total protein. The pathological examination of hepatic tissue samples was done after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Treatment with 100 mg/kg of omega3 fish oil (0.06±0.013) significant reduced the serum level of billirubin comparing with thioacetamide group (0.38±0.015). Treatment with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses (0.37±0.034) (0.34±0.027) (0.15±0.028) showed no significant difference in the serum level of billirubin comparing with thioacetamide group (0.38±0.015). Treatment with the omega3 fish oil (4.40±0.02) (4.32±0.10) (4.34±0.10) and aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses (4.33±0.06) (4.31±0.5) (4.20±0.07) significant reduced the serum level of albumin comparing with thioacetamide group (4.70±0.00). The mean levels of total protein showed no significant difference in the experimental groups (8.77±0.31) (8.53±0.20) (8.63±0.24) (8.58±0.05) (8.57±0.10) (7.92±0.21) comparing with thioacetamide group (8.56±0.08). In all experimental groups, the hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide improved which were dose dependent (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests that biochemical factors and liver tissue changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats can be ameliorated by oral administration of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root and omega3 fish oil

Protective Effects Omega3 fish Oil on Disorder of Lipid Function Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rat

Background: Thioacetamide causes disorder of lipid function . The present study was done to evaluate the protect effects omega3 fish oil supplements on disorder of lipid function induced by thioacetamide in male rats.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Material and Methods: 42 male rats were divided into 6 groups: Control group, Sham group . Animals of this group received 0/4ml olive oil as a solvent omega3 fish oil supplements orally per day for 3 months. Thioacetamide group. Animals of this group received150 mg/kg of TAA intraperitonealy in a single dose for 3 months. Experimental groups 1,2 and 3. Animals of this groups received 100,200 and 300 mg/kg of omega3 fish oil supplements orally per day for 3 months and 150 mg/kg of TAA intraperitonealy in a single dose for 3months. All animals bled after 3 months. The provided blood samples were tested for total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose serum levels by enzymatic methods. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Results: Pretreatment with 300 mg/kg of omega3 fish oil supplements significant reduced the serum level of total cholesterol comparing with thioacetamide group. Pretreatment with the omega3 fish oil supplements all doses increased the serum level of glucose comparing with thioacetamide group but there was no significant difference. Pretreatment with the omega3 fish oil supplements at all doses showed no significant difference in serum levels of LDL, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride comparing with thioacetamide group. Conclusion: Therefore, the result show that the protective effects of omega3 fish oil supplements on disorder of lipid function induced by thioacetamide in male rats. The protective effects of omega3 fish oil supplements can be due to their antioxidant effects

The Protective Effects of Fish Oil Omega3 Supplements and Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root on Disorder in Renal Function Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats

Background: Thioacetamide causes kidney dysfunction. The present study was done to evaluate the protect effects of fish oil omega3 Supplements and aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root on disorder of renal function induced by thioacetamide in male rats. Materials and Methods: 63 male rats were divided into 9 groups of 7 : The control group, The sham group receiving 0. 4ml/kg olive oil as the solvent of Fish oil Omega-3 supplements, the thioacetamide group interperitonealy receiving a dose of 150 mg/kg thioacetamide at the end of the experiment, the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 orally receiving a daily dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg fish oil omega-3 supplements respectively for 3 month followed by an inter peritoneal dose of 150 mg/kg thioacetamide at the end of the experiment. experimental groups 4 and 5 and 6: they received the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at the doses of 100,200,300mg/kg daily orally during 3 months respectively and then a single dose of thioacetamide at 150 mg/kg as interperitoneal injection. The levels of serum creatinine, BUN, sodium and potassium were measured. The pathological changes of tissue samples of the kidneys were studied after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The mean serum levels of potassium in the second experimental group significantly decreased compared to the group receiving thioacetamide . The mean serum sodium in all experimental groups decreased significantly compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. No significant changes were observed in the mean serum levels of FBS, BUN and creatinine in all experimental groups compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. Pretreatment with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses let to increased the serum level of BUN comparing with thioacetamide group but there was no significant difference . Pretreatment with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses let to significant reduced the serum levels of potassium and sodium comparing with thioacetamide group. Pretreatment with 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root let to significant reduced the serum level of creatinine comparing with thioacetamide group. All the experimental groups improved renal histological changes induced by thioacetamide and these protective effects were dose-dependent. (p&le;0/05) Coclusion: The results of this study showed the protective effect of omega-3 fish oil supplement and aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root on disorder of renal function induced by thioacetamide in male rats.&nbsp

The Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Against Liver-related Biochemical Factors Changes Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats

Background: Thioacetamide is a liver toxin that causes centrilobular necrosis. In this study, the protective effect of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against liver-related biochemical factors changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: 35 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 : control group; sham group: receiving a single dose of 150mg/kg thioacetamide intraperitoneally; experimental groups 1 and 2 and 3: they received the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at the doses of 100,200,300mg/kg daily orally during 3 months respectively and then a single dose of thioacetamide at 150 mg/kg as intraperitoneal injection . The serum levels of albumin, bilirubin and total protein were measured. Results: The mean of body weight in all experimental groups receiving aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root and thioacetamide did not show significant changes compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. The mean levels of serum bilirubin in all experimental groups receiving aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root and thioacetamide did not show significant changes compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. The mean of serum albumin concentration in all experimental groups receiving aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root and thioacetamide decreased significantly compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. The mean of serum total protein concentration in experimental groups receiving aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root and thioacetamide did not show significant changes compared to the group receiving thioacetamide( p<0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root had protective effects against liver-related biochemical factors changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats.&nbsp

The Study of Effects of Abscisic Acid (ABA) on Measure Serum Sex Hormones and Testis Tissue in Adult Male Rats

Background & aim: Nowadays the effects of plant-based foods in maintaining and improving the health of many diseases have been considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Abscisic acid on serum sex hormone levels and testis of adult male rats, respectively. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The control group received no drug treatment. The sham group received distilled water as a solvent. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were administered orally with 20, 400 and 800 mg /kg of extract containing plant hormone Abscisic acid for 40 days respectively. At the end of the fortieth day from all groups blood samples were taken and serum hormones LH, FSH, dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone were measured by ELISA. Testicular tissue changes were studied by optical microscopy after preparation of tissue samples and lineage sperm counts between experimental and control groups were studied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test. Results : Abscisic acid extract with doses of 400 and 800 mg/ kg at the end of the fortieth day significantly increased serum testosterone levels than the control group (p<0.05). No significant differences in serum hormones LH, FSH and DHT were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Primary spermatocytes, borderline Sertoli between experimental and control groups were not seen (p<0.05). Histology of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis cell also had not changed. Conclusion : Possibly during a period of 40-day the effects of Abscisic acid on receptor function , through the impact on N- methyl-D-aspartate receptors and γ receptor by proxysom ( PPARγ) and activation of LH receptors in Leydig cells lead to testes activation and cause increase in secretion of testosterone. Key words: Abscisic acid, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, LH, FSH, pituitary-gonadal axi

Chemical constituents of Amygdalus spp. oil from Iran

Abstract Background and objectives: Amygdalus with a number of endemic species grow vastly in Iran. Edible sweet almond (A. communis), is cultivated in many countries due to its pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic importance; while almond oil which is rich in oleic acid is known for its economic interest. In the present study, the amount and constituents of oil of six Amygdalus species including A. communis, A. Iranshahrii, A. scoparia, A. lycioides, A. reticulata and A. elaeagnifolia have been analyzed. Methods: The oil of the plants fruits were obtained with hot and cold methods using n-hexane and their percentages were compared. Then, the oils were analysed by GC after methylation of their constituents. Results: The results demonstrated that the hot method gave higher oil yield than cold method. The amounts of the species oils were almost similar except for A. Iranshahrii which contained the least amount of the oil. The most dominant constituents of the oils comprised of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids with almost the same pattern, consisting of mostly oleic acid followed by linoleic and palmitic acids. In all samples only little amounts of stearic acid was detectable. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, the evaluated species are of high economic value and could be used as alternatives to sweet almond in pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic industries

Introduction and Optimization of a Dietary Model for Inducing Hyperlipidemia in Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Inducing hyperlipidemia in laboratory animals through diet is a good way to study metabolic disorders. This study was conducted to provide an effective and accessible diet for generating hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver models in rats. METHODS: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided into 5 equal groups including 2 control groups receiving regular diet for 4 (C1) or 8 weeks (C2), and 3 experimental groups receiving high fat diet along with 0.2% (E1) or 0.1% thiouracil (E2) for 8 and 4 weeks (E3). Finally, the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, and triglyceride (TG) was measured and the fat accumulation in the liver tissue was measured quantitatively. FINDINGS: All experimental groups had significantly higher TC, TG, LDL and lower HDL compared to control (p<0.0001). The cholesterol level was significantly higher in E1 (642.66±133.01), E2 (848.16±146.17) and E3 (406.83±116.28) groups, compared with the C1 (64.87±16.10) and C2 (76.83±11.37) groups (p<0.0001). The degree of fat accumulation in the groups E1 (3.70±0.34), E2 (3.45±0.32) and E3 (2.83±0.25) was significantly higher than the groups C1 (0.25±0.01) and C2 (0.33±0.03) (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: The high-fat diet introduced in this study can cause hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver rats within 4 week