Cortical gray-matter thinning is associated with age-related improvements on executive function tasks

Across development children show marked improvement in their executive functions (EFs), including the ability to hold information in working memory and to deploy cognitive control, allowing them to ignore prepotent responses in favor of newly learned behaviors. How does the brain support these age-related improvements? Age-related cortical gray-matter thinning, thought to result from selective pruning of inefficient synaptic connections and increases in myelination, may support age-related improvements in EFs. Here we used structural MRI to measure cortical thickness. We investigate the association between cortical thickness in three cortical regions of interest (ROIs), and age-related changes in cognitive control and working memory in 5–10 year old children. We found significant associations between reductions in cortical thickness and age-related improvements in performance on both working memory and cognitive control tasks. Moreover, we observed a dissociation between ROIs typically thought to underlie changes in cognitive control (right Inferior Frontal gyrus and Anterior Cingulate cortex) and age-related improvements in cognitive control, and ROIs for working memory (superior parietal cortex), and age-related changes in a working memory task. These data add to our growing understanding of how structural maturation of the brain supports vast behavioral changes in executive functions observed across childhood

Image of Presenter of Political Talk Show: on Problem of Gender Peculiarities

The study is done within actual direction of modern science - the gender linguistics. The article is devoted to the question of the communicative image of the TV presenters of political talk-show Vladimir Solovyov and Olga Skabeyeva. The results of a comparative analysis of the components of the public image of each media person are presented: appearance, communicative behavior, speech manners. It is shown that Solovyov and Skabeyeva have a bright, catchy, wistful image, and their similarities - leading position, business style in clothes, gestures system, categoricalness - are determined by the program format. It is proved that at the same time, communicative images of the presenters have a specific gender identity: Vladimir Solovyov’s image corresponds to stereotypical idea of a real man, while Olga Skabeyeva’s image combines both typically female (modesty, elegance, parity) and male characteristics (rationality, rigidity, hardness). Special attention is given to verbal behaviour that detects the individual characteristics of each media person. Vladimir Solovyov’s manner of speech can be characterized as assertive, poly-stylistic, management one. The authors argue that the dominant for this presenter is a strategy of self-presentation, while the main intention can be defined as the retention of communicative leadership. The general speech style of Olga Skabeyeva can be described as aggressive, but the presenter purely uses female methods of mitigating the conflict. It is proved that the communicative style of the presenter is not free from gender peculiarities of the personality

Salt Stress Induced Biosynthesis of Binase II, the Second Bacillus pumilus 7P Ribonuclease with Therapeutic Potential

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Besides the dominant well-studied low-molecular weight ribonuclease (RNase) binase I, Bacillus pumilus secretes a high-molecular weight binase II which differs from binase I by the absence of substrate specificity and the mode of RNA cleavage. Similar to many other RNases, binase II was proposed to have therapeutic potential. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of binase II biosynthesis regulation is required to boost expression of this RNase. Here, we have shown that increase of salinity in growth medium leads to elevated biosynthesis level of binase II. We detected in the binase II promoter the gene sequences homologous to the recognition sites of response regulator DegU. DegS-DegU signal transduction system is stimulated by high salt concentrations. Using the Bacillus subtilis strains with various mutations in DegU gene, we have shown that the DegS-DegU system is responsible for the increase of binase II gene expression under salt stress, indeed

The program for the development of athletes professional skills (based on the empirical study results)

Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 13.02.2022.Received: 13.02.2022.В статье представлена разработанная программа развития профессионального мастерства спортсменов в подготовке к соревновательной деятельности и доказана ее эффективность. Данная программа состоит из диагностического, образовательного, консультативного и коррекционно-развивающего этапов. При этом она направлена на повышение уровня профессионального мастерства спортсменов, с целью воздействия на компоненты личностного потенциала и снижения уровня напряженности. В ходе реализации программы у спортсменов в экспериментальной группе удалось развить компоненты личностного потенциала, связанные с пониманием целевых установок в жизни и большей осмысленностью происходящего, более рациональным подходом к жизненным обстоятельствам. Кроме того, повысилась способность к формированию адекватных стратегий совладания с жизненными и профессиональными трудностями, а также проявился более позитивный подход во взаимодействии с окружающими. Изменения структуры личностного потенциала спортсменов привели к формированию более адаптивных и адекватных условиям деятельности типов профессионального мастерства. В распределении доминируют включенный и позитивный типы, что является предпосылкой к достижению более высоких результатов в соревновательной деятельности.The article presents the developed program for the development of professional skills of athletes in preparation for competitive activities, the effectiveness is proved. This program consists of diagnostic, educational, advisory and correctional-developmental stages and is aimed at improving the level of athletes professional skills, in order to influence the components of personal potential and reduce the level of tension. During the implementation of the program, the athletes in the experimental group managed to develop components of personal potential associated with an understanding of the goals in life and a greater sense of what is happening, a more rational approach to life circumstances. In addition, the ability to form adequate coping strategies with life and professional difficulties has increased, as well as a more positive approach in interacting with others. Changes in the structure of the personal potential of athletes have led to the formation of more adaptive and adequate types of professional skills to the conditions of activity. The distribution is dominated by the included and positive types, which is a prerequisite for achieving higher results in competitive activity

Verbal Markers of Regional Identity in Ergonimicon of Ekaterinburg

В работе анализируется специфическая группа эргонимов Екатеринбурга, содержащих региональный компонент. Выявляются ключевые образы, заложенные в основу номинаций городских предприятий.The report analyzes a specific group of Ekaterinburg ergonyms, which contain a regional component in their semantics. There are identified key images that urban enterprises’ nominations are based upon

Ways to Increase Healthy Lifestyles and Physical Activity

В статье представлен обзор исследований, связанных с влиянием сидячего образа жизни на здоровье офисных работников, а также о путях повышения их двигательной активности и формировании здорового образа жизни. В статье приводятся данные зарубежных исследований о новых формах, средствах и методах, способствующих изменению образа жизни, снижению гиподинамии и повышению мотивации сотрудников к двигательной активности.The article presents a review of studies on the influence of sedentary lifestyle on the health of office workers and ways of increasing their motor activity and forming a healthy lifestyle. The article presents the data of foreign researches on new forms, means and methods that contribute to changing the lifestyle, reducing hypodynamia and increasing the motivation of employees to motor activity

Pleiotropic Effect of Salt Stress on Motility and Synthesis of Secreted Ribonucleases by Bacillus pumilus

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Members of the genus Bacillus can successfully counteract a sudden increase in salinity. In addition to the accumulation of osmolytes, saline stress also affects other aspects of bacterial physiology such as exoenzymes synthesis and motility. Here, we have shown that increase of salinity in growth medium leads to elevated biosynthesis level of low-molecular weight ribonuclease (RNase) binase I from Bacillus pumilus. The same effect was established previously for high-molecular weight binase II. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the absence of flagella and some other changes in salt-stressed cells of B. pumilis. We also detected the gene sequences homologous to the recognition sites of response regulator DegU in the binase I and binase II promoters. Using the B. subtilis strains with various mutations in DegU gene, we found that the two-component signal transduction system DegS-DegU which regulates the motility under salt stress participates in the control of biosynthesis for both secreted RNase of B. pumilis (binase I and binase II)

A flaring X-ray pulsar in Dorado

A study of unusual gamma-ray bursts detected on March 5 and March 6, 1979 in the KONUS experiment on the Venera 11 and Venera 12 spacecraft shows their source to be flaring X-ray pulsar in Dorado

Preliminary results of a gamma-ray burst study in the Konus experiment on the Venera-11 and Venera-12 space probes

Twenty-one gamma-ray bursts and 68 solar flares in the hard X-ray range were detected on Venera-11 and Venera-12 space probes during the initial 50-day observation period. Major characteristics of the equipment used and preliminary data on the temporal structure and energy spectra of the gamma-ray bursts are considered. The pattern of gamma-ray burst frequency distribution vs. intensity, N(S), is established

Reflexão pedagógica e as formas de seu desenvolvimento entre os estudantes de profissões pedagógicas

This article is dedicated to the development of pedagogical reflection among students of professions related to teaching. Based on the works of S.Yu. Stepanov, I.N. Semenov, A.A. Bodalev, Yu.M. Orlov, N.I. Gutkin and other Russian researchers. The authors of the article clarified the types of pedagogical reflection, the corresponding skills and the related types of learning tasks that can be used in the training of future teachers. The article also presents the complex of authors of pedagogical conditions that guarantee the development of pedagogical reflection among students. The complex includes the following components: the creation of a favorable emotional environment during the lessons with the students; the use of the didactic technique system designed to take students to a reflective position; the application of reflective pedagogical technologies in the educational process of the university, promoting the development of pedagogical reflection among future teachers and improving the quality of their education. The article also describes the results of the experimental work, which confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of conditions that guarantee the development of reflection among students of pedagogical professions.Este artículo está dedicado al desarrollo de la reflexión pedagógica entre los estudiantes de profesiones relacionadas con la docencia. Basado en las obras de S.Yu. Stepanov, I.N. Semenov, A.A. Bodalev, Yu.M. Orlov, N.I. Gutkin y otros investigadores rusos. Los autores del artículo aclararon los tipos de reflexión pedagógica, las habilidades correspondientes y los tipos relacionados de tareas de aprendizaje que se pueden utilizar en la capacitación de futuros maestros. El artículo también presenta el complejo de autores de condiciones pedagógicas que garantizan el desarrollo de la reflexión pedagógica entre los estudiantes. El complejo incluye los siguientes componentes: la creación de un ambiente emocional favorable durante las lecciones con los estudiantes; el uso del sistema de técnica didáctica destinado a llevar a los estudiantes a una posición reflexiva; la aplicación de tecnologías pedagógicas reflexivas en el proceso educativo de la universidad, promoviendo el desarrollo de la reflexión pedagógica entre los futuros docentes y mejorando la calidad de su educación. El artículo también describe los resultados del trabajo experimental, que confirmó la efectividad del complejo desarrollado de condiciones que garantizan el desarrollo de la reflexión entre los estudiantes de profesiones pedagógicas.Este artigo é dedicado ao desenvolvimento da reflexão pedagógica entre estudantes de profissões relacionadas ao ensino. Baseado nos trabalhos de S.Yu. Stepanov, I.N. Semenov, A.A. Bodalev, Yu.M. Orlov, N.I. Gutkin e outros pesquisadores russos. Os autores do artigo esclareceram os tipos de reflexão pedagógica, as habilidades correspondentes e os tipos relacionados de tarefas de aprendizagem que podem ser usadas na formação de futuros professores. O artigo também apresenta o complexo de autores de condições pedagógicas que garantem o desenvolvimento da reflexão pedagógica entre os alunos. O complexo inclui os seguintes componentes: a criação de um ambiente emocional favorável durante as aulas com os alunos; o uso do sistema de técnica didática projetado para levar os alunos a uma posição reflexiva; a aplicação de tecnologias pedagógicas reflexivas no processo educativo da universidade, promovendo o desenvolvimento da reflexão pedagógica entre futuros professores e melhorando a qualidade de sua formação. O artigo também descreve os resultados do trabalho experimental, que confirmou a eficácia do complexo desenvolvido de condições que garantem o desenvolvimento da reflexão entre os estudantes de profissões pedagógicas.Palavras-chave