Association between high school students’ cigarette smoking, asthma and related beliefs: a population-based study

Background Smoking has a detrimental effect on the symptoms and severity of asthma, a common chronic disease among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between asthma and smoking among high school students and assess provider-patient communication with asthmatic adolescents regarding smoking and adolescents’ beliefs about the harms of smoking. Methods In fall 2014, data from high school students, ages 14–18 years, completing the 2009-2010 Virginia Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 1796) were used in descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for model-specific confounders as appropriate. Results Overall, an estimated 19 % of high school students in Virginia smoked and 16 % had asthma. Odds of smoking did not differ by asthma status; however, asthmatics had 1.5 times higher odds of being asked if they smoke (95 % CI 1.06–2.13) and being advised not to smoke by a health professional (95 % CI 1.10–2.14) compared to non-asthmatics. Asthmatics who believed second-hand smoke or smoking 1–5 cigarettes/day was not harmful had respectively 4.2 and 2.8 times higher odds of smoking than those who thought each was harmful. Further, asthmatics who thought smoking 1−2 years is safe had 3.4 times higher odds of smoking than those who did not (95 % CI 1.57–10.1). Conclusions While asthmatic adolescents are just as likely to smoke as non-asthmatics, less healthy beliefs about the risks of smoking increase the odds of smoking among asthmatics. Thus, targeted asthma-specific smoking prevention and education to change attitudes and beliefs could be an effective tool for adolescents

Dynamics of changes in B1 and B2 lymphocyte populations in articular form of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis

Immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes, changes in their subpopulation composition, impaired peripheral tolerance, increased activation and differentiation of B cells, as well as deficient negative selection. Peripheral blood phenotypes of B1 and B2 lymphocytes, their correlation and response patterns in seronegative variant of articular RA type A decrease in B1 lymphocytes along with increased degree of clinical activity and duration of RA has been revealed. B2 lymphocytes remained the predominant subpopulation in peripheral blood. The studied parameters of B2 lymphocytes in the patients with disease duration of up to 5 years and more were higher than the data obtained in a control group. However, no significant changes in their dynamics were revealed upon comparative analysis. With increasing degree of clinical activity, the decreased activation potential of B2 lymphocytes was revealed, along with reduction of costimulatory signal transmission via the CD40/CD40L complex. Hence, detection of B1 and B2 lymphocytes in various types of RA may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers

SELF-REGULATION STYLE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ELDERLY

Pilot research investigates the relationship between the quality of life and the characteristics of self-regulation of older people. The Short Form‑36 (SF‑36) was used for assessing the quality of life and self-regulation’ features were evaluated by «Style of self-regulation of behavior SSP‑98» (V. I. Morosanova). Flexibility as a regulatory and personal property of self-regulation affects such aspects of the quality of life as “Mental health”, “Social functioning”, “Psychological component of health”. The importance of the personal component in the management of health in the elderly is emphasized.Приведены данные пилотного исследования связи качества жизни и особенностей саморегуляции пожилых людей. Использовалась методики оценки качества жизни The Short Form-36 (SF-36) и «Стиль саморегуляции поведения — ССП-98» (В.И. Моросанова). Гибкость как регуляторно-личностное свойство саморегуляции взаимосвязана с такими аспектами качества жизни, как «Психическое здоровье», «Социальное функционирование», «Психологический компонент здоровья» и влияет на «Психологический компонент здоровья». Подчеркивается значимость саморегуляции и личностного компонента в управлении своим здоровьем у лиц пожилого возраста.При поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации

Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Disorders

Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме использования неинвазивных технологий в ранней диагностике и прогнозировании возраст-ассоциированного когнитивного снижения, связанного в своей основе с болезнью Альцгеймера. Основное внимание уделяется исследованию состояния буккального эпителия и ротовой жидкости как суррогатных моделей дегенеративного поражения церебральных структур, а также определению роли микроорганизмов ротовой полости в формировании и развитии когнитивных нарушений. Приводится оригинальная гипотеза нейродегенеративного поражения церебральных структур, на основе которой предлагается алгоритм исследований состояния полости рта для наиболее раннего выявления и прогноза когнитивного дефицита.A review of the literature on the problem of the use of non-invasive technologies in early diagnosis and prediction of age-associated cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease is presented. The main attention is paid to the study of the buccal epithelium, oral fluid, as surrogate models of degenerative lesions of cerebral structures, as well as determining the role of oral microorganisms in the formation and development of cognitive disorders. An original hypothesis of neurodegenerative lesions of cerebral structures is presented, on the basis of which an algorithm for studying the state of the oral cavity is proposed in order to detect and predict cognitive deficits as early as possible

Medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw – theories of pathogenesis, peculiarities of clinical, radiological picture: literature review and personal observation

Medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw - severe complication that can happen in patients received therapy with bisphosphonates and in persons that are taking narcotic surrogates (desomorphine, pervitin). The relevance of the research is conditioned by wide use of bisphosphonates in patients with proven bone metastases, during myeloma, Paget disease. The remaining number of people that used narcotic surrogates, the use of red phosphor during self-crafted production of desomorphine and pervitin by patients with drug addiction is considerable. In hese two categories atypical forms of osteomyelitis are developing. The article is based on retrospective study of clinical record and data of radiological examinations of patients that are staying on the treatment in the department of maxillofacial surgery of MAI «Central city clinical hospital №23» in 2003 – 2017.Медикаментозноассоциированный остеонекроз челюсти — тяжелое осложнение, которое может возникнуть у пациентов, получающих терапию бисфосфонатами, а также у лиц, употребляющих наркотические суррогаты (дезоморфин, первитин). Актуальность исследования обусловлена широким применением бисфосфонатов у пациентов с доказанными костными метастазами, при миеломной болезни, болезни Педжета. Сохраняющееся немалое количество лиц, употребляющих наркотические суррогаты, использование красного фосфора при «кустарном» изготовлении дезоморфина и первитина пациентами с наркотической зависимостью. У этих двух категорий развиваются нетипичные формы остеомиелита. работа основана на ретроспективном изучении истории болезни и данных рентгенологического исследования пациентов, находящихся на лечении в отделении челюстно-лицевой хирургии МАУ «Центральная городская клиническая больница №23» в 2013 – 2017 г.г

The ananlysis of oral health in schoolchildren of Sverdlovsk region on the basis of questioning

A large number of publications are devoted to the problems of dental health of schoolchildren, which allows us to consider this area sufficiently studied. At the same time, the attitude of schoolchildren to oral health is changing every year, which is reflected in the survey among school-aged population. The data obtained in the survey of schoolchildren play an important role in assessing the epidemiological situation in the main group of dental diseases and the measures necessary for their prevention. In 2017 the government of Russian Federation published the resolution №394 on inclusion of measures on “Primary prevention of dental diseases among the population of the Russian Federation” in the state program of health care development for 2015-2020. The results of the survey of different population groups in the regions of the country are important for the implementation of this program.Проблемам стоматологического здоровья школьников посвящено большое количество публикаций, что позволяет считать достаточно изученным данное направление. При этом с каждым годом меняется само отношение школьников к здоровью полости рта, что находит отражение при проведении анкетирования среди детей школьного возраста. Данные, полученные при опросе школьников, играют важную роль в оценке эпидемиологической ситуации в основной группе стоматологических заболеваний и мерах, необходимых для их профилактики. В 2017 г. правительство РФ опубликовало постановление № 394 о включении мероприятий по вопросам «Первичной профилактики стоматологических заболеваний среди населения РФ» в государственную программу развития здравоохранения РФ на 2015—2020 гг. Для реализации данной программы имеют важное значение результаты анкетирования разных групп населения в регионах нашей страны

Analysis of wound discharge microbiota in patients with drug-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw

The aim of the investigation was to study and analyze the microbiota of the wound discharge in case of medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw and to reveal possible etiologically significant microorganisms.Цель работы – исследовать и проанализировать микробиоту раневого отделяемого при медикаментозно-ассоциированном остеонекрозе челюсти и выявить возможный этиологически значимый микроорганизм

Mechanisms of formation of hybrid immunity in people who recovered from COVID-19 and were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens

The relevance of the current epidemic situation of a new coronavirus infection is determined by new strains of the virus and the registration of cases of re-infection in COVID-19 survivors earlier. In this regard, the questions about the expediency and nature of vaccination of those who have been ill attract close attention, moreover it has affected the formation of the concept of “hybrid immunity”. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the parameters of the immune system, reflecting their regulatory and functional potential, in response to the introduction of the peptide vaccine EpiVacCorona to persons who have suffered from the new coronavirus infection. To study the features of the formation of hybrid immunity, a retrospective analysis of the observation of 43 study participants was carried out. The inclusion criteria were data confirming COVID-19 in mild and moderate forms of the course in the period from six months to a year ago, a low level or absence of antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein SARS-CoV-2, a negative PCR result for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the absence of comorbid pathology. The subpopulation composition, regulatory and functional potential of the immune system were determined by flow cytofluorimetry using a set of monoclonal antibodies corresponding to the goals. 21 days after the administration of a single dose of EpiVacCorona, antibodies to the vaccine peptide antigens were registered in all study participants at the highest coefficient of positivity values for the SARS-CoV-2-IgG-Vector test system used. In addition, there was a fourfold increase in the number of specific IgG to the N protein. A specific immune response to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigens was accompanied by a decrease in the circulation of the number of monocytes expressing TLR4, T helper cells expressing the interaction coreceptor with antigen-presenting cells, unconnected B memory with an increase in the number of B lymphocytes expressing the CD40 T-B coreceptor interaction molecule. The remaining differences in the functioning of the immune system identified in patients with COVID-19 before the vaccination in comparison with the control data have not changed. The differences consist in a decrease in the proportion of monocytes expressing HLA-DR, an increase in the expression of interaction molecules on T and B lymphocytes, an increase in the number of Treg, B1 cells, activated B lymphocytes with a decrease in the proportion of suppressor Breg and B memory. The totality of the presented data demonstrates that the COVID-19 infection that preceded vaccination in mild and moderate clinical course contributes to the formation of immunological memory, which made it possible to form a secondary immune response even to a single injection of peptide antigens of the virus

Post-vaccination immunity phenotypes upon usage of EpiVacCorona vaccine in the persons who suffered COVID-19

The dominance of reliably immunized population is a fundamental factor in prevention of COVID-19 pandemia, with immune prophylaxis taking a dominant position. Due to lack of clear data on the intensity of specific immunity after a new coronavirus infection, consolidation of immunological memory by vaccination becomes the urgent task, in order to exclude the risk of re-involvement of previously ill patients into the epidemic process. Meanwhile, many questions related to vaccination of COVID-19 survivors do not get distinct answers. To study the features of immune response, using a vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens (EpiVacCorona), we monitored 81 participants. The inclusion criteria were data confirming COVID-19 in the anamnesis (medical documentation), low levels or absence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, and negative PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2. When assessing the data of post-vaccinal immunity checked 21 days after 1st dose of the vaccine, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those who did not respond, and those who developed the immune response. In order to identify possible reasons for different phenotypic patterns of humoral response to vaccination, a comparative analysis of B lymphocyte indexes was carried out in these groups. Absolute counts, subpopulation composition and activation potential of peripheral blood B lymphocytes were determined by flow cytofluorometry using appropriate labeled monoclonal antibodies purchased from Beсkman Coulter. Comparative analysis of B lymphocyte indexes on the day of first vaccination showed that the persons who did not respond to the vaccine had smaller counts of circulating B cells, i.e., both percentage and absolute cell numbers, than in comparison group, as well as changed ratio of B1-to-B2 subpopulations. After administration of the first vaccine dose (by day +21), in alternative variant of the antibody response to V1, the differences in the parameters of B cells were presented as a smaller percentage and absolute numbers of regulatory B lymphocytes in non-responding participants. Moreover, the contents of minor B cell subpopulations were decreased in the non-responding group than in the comparison group, thus affecting the values of the B1:B2 ratio. In general, the presented data demonstrate that the absence of secondary immune response to antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 peptide vaccine could be is associated with altered differentiation of B1 and B2 subpopulations, B regulatory lymphocytes, B memory cells