Comparison of Microhardness of Three Different Types of Acrylic Artificial Denture Teeth: An in vitro Study

The wear resistance of denture teeth is important for the longevity of removable prostheses of edentulous patients. The ability of denture teeth to maintain maximum intercuspation atcentric jaw relation position, masticatory efficiency, the occlusal vertical dimension, and occlusal stability over time may be influenced by this property. Inferior wear resistance of acrylic resin artificial teeth is a significant limitation for complete denture therapy due to its inability to resist parafunctional movements and maintain proper occlusal relationships over time. Therefore acrylic resin teeth have been modified to overcome these disadvantages by the use of cross-linking agents, different monomers, and the addition of fillers.In the present study microhardness is compared of the different acrylic teeth since it is related to wear resistance and is the most commonly examined mechanical property indicatorfor synthetic artificial tooth material

Prospective study to assess functional outcomes in patients undergoing single bundle arthroscopic reconstruction of primary anterior cruciate ligament tear comparing with bone quadriceps tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common ligament injuries of knee. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction has become the standard of care for ACL injuries in the active patient. In present study good bone quadriceps tendon (BQT) autograft and hamstring tendon (HT) autograft will be used for primary arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and its data regarding clinical and functional results will be evaluated and compared.Methods: Sixty patients underwent isolated ACL reconstruction. 30 underwent ACL reconstruction with the BQT and 30 with the HT. The same surgical technique, fixation method and postoperative protocol were used in both groups. Functional outcome in terms of International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, joint stability (anterior drawer, Lachman, pivot shift), anterior knee pain and isokinetic strength was evaluated.Results: IKDC score in bone quadriceps tendon and hamstring tendon group after 9 months follow up showing no statistical significance. The negative Lachman component was higher in the BQT group than in the HT group. There was no difference between groups in terms of isokinetic strength.Conclusions: Our study shows no statistically significant difference between both groups

Evaluation of risk factors for lower extremity amputation in diabetic foot ulcer: a hospital based observational study in Northern India

Background: The present prospective observational study was done to analyse the risk factors leading to minor or major lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients.Methods: A 139 patients were divided into Group A (n=113) and Group B (n=26) who underwent minor and major LEA respectively.Results: Majority of the patients in group B were from rural and lower socioeconomic background.  Duration of diabetes (p=0.017) and  of DFU was significantly longer in group B (P <0.001) The pro-portion of patients with Wagner Grade 4 and 5  ulcer were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P <0.001) Wound infection and maggots were significantly higher in group B though polymicrobial infection was higher in group A. Biochemical investigations were abnormally altered but difference between two groups was not significant.Conclusions: Socioeconomic burden on the society due to LEA can be reduced by making diabetic patients aware of foot hygiene, regular medical check-up for control of diabetes and associated complications

Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of the ground water across the city Bareilly (U.P.), India

The drinking water quality (underground water) of Bareilly city has been assessed by estimating physicochemical parameters and calculating Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index plays an important role in interpreting the information on water quality. The WQI of different sites shows that drinking water is of good quality. The correlation between different parameters was also estimated. During course of study the average value of physico-chemical parameters studied were observed as temperature 20.17 o C, turbidity 2.17 NTU, pH 8.13, electrical conductivity 1360 mmhos/cm, total dissolved solids 1218.9 mg/l, total hardness 515.0 mg/l chlorides 106.34 mg/l, alkalinity 342.15, fluorides 0.44 mg/l, sulphates 84.68 mg/l, nitrates 22.83 mg/l, DO 2.44 mg/l, BOD 1.26 mg/l. While average MPN were observed as 5.66 and average WQI as 21.48

Role of dynamic hip screw with locking side plate in intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients

Background: Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is a vital mainstay implant in managing intertrochanteric fractures. While most of the modifications of implant have been done in screw design, this study evaluates the role of employing locking side plate with DHS to increase the screw hold and avoid plate pull out in trochanteric fractures of elderly patients.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from August 2012 to August 2014 on 30 patients having trochanteric fractures. The fixation, fracture consequences, functional outcome and complications were assessed clinically and radiologically in immediate post-operative period and on follow-ups at six weeks, three months, six months and one year. Young patients (&lt;55 years), fractures with subtrochanteric extension and pathological fractures were excluded from study. Fractures in elderly patients from AO 31A1.1 to AO 31A3.1 were included in study. Evaluation of the clinical outcome was done by modified Harris hip score at the last follow-up.Results: Average age of the patients in study was 64 years; males had better outcome scores, which was statistically significant. The mean trauma-surgery interval was four days. Trauma surgery interval and functional outcome by Harris hip score was statistically significant and was inversely proportional. Union was achieved in all patients with delayed union noted in four cases; the average time to union was 12.2 weeks with no major complications and good functional outcome by Harris hip score.Conclusions: This study suggests that locking side plate with DHS would make a stronger bone implant construct and a valuable modification to prevent sliding, screw cut-out and side plate pull-out with low infection rates

Human health risk assessment of temporal and spatial variations of ground water quality at a densely industrialized commercial complex at Haridwar, India

The observations of present investigation revealed that the groundwater regime at State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Industrial Estate (IE) was highly responsive to the anthropogenic stress of recharge and discharge parameters concerning the distressing industrial activities. The present study on groundwater characteristics of SIDCUL-IE, Haridwar in year 2013-2014 showed that the water of Sampling station-D (SSD) had relatively poor quality in comparison to the groundwater collected from Sampling station-A (SSA), Sampling station-B (SSB) and Sampling station-C (SSC). The samples had a high mineral load with relatively wider pH range. The physico-chemical parameters like pH (6.35 in October) at SSA, TDS (553.5 mg/l in November) at SSC, TH (600.0 mg/l in July) at SSB and alkalinity (525.0 mg/l in October) at SSD were beyond the prescribed limits of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Karl Pearson correlation matrix showed moderate to significantly positive correlation between various parameters like COD-phosphorus (r=0.629), temperature-DO (r=-0.477) at SSA; pH and bicarbonate (r=0.668) at SSB; pH-temperature (r=-0.551),turbidity-BOD (r=0.467), BOD-phosphorus (r=0.518), bicarbonate-acidity (r=-0.833) at SSC and TSS-turbidity (r=0.616), BOD-COD (r=0.6771) at SSD and temperature-DO (r=-0.666), hardness-acidity (r=-0.6542) BOD-COD (r=0.654) at control site. The overall quality of groundwater, though hard, was found acceptable for drinking purpose. The divergence in the results of groundwater samples taken from SIDCUL-IE and the Control site, 2 km away from SIDCUL-IE, indicated that groundwater pollution is increasing alarmingly which may have serious threats to human health in near future

Study of planktonic diversity of river Ganga from Devprayag to Roorkee, Uttarakhand (India)

Analysis of water samples for planktonic diversity has been carried out for five sampling stations of river Ganga stretched over a distance of 125 kms from Devprayag to Roorkee. The investigation was carried out for a period of one year at five different sampling sites i.e. Sampling station A (Devprayag), Sampling station B (Rishikesh), Sampling station C (Haridwar) Sampling station D ( Pul Jatwara) and Sampling station E (Roorkee). In the present study of river Ganga, Among the zooplankton, Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepod, Ostracods constitute the main component and in phytoplankton Diatoms were dominated and class Blue green algae, green algae was found least during study period. Majority of zooplankton shows maximum occurrence and abundance during the high salinity period

Physico-chemical and microbiological status of River Asan in Dehradun Uttarakhand

India is rich in water resources, being endowed with a network of rivers and blessed with snow cover in the Himalayan range that can meet a variety of water requirements of the country. However, with the rapid increase in the population of the country and the need to meet the increasing demands of irrigation, human and industrial consumption, the available water resources in many parts of the country are getting depleted and the water quality has deteriorated. In the present study physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water of River Asan in Doon valley of Uttarakhand India were determined seasonally during April 2011 to March 2012.Turbidity, TS, TDS and TSS values were maximum on all the sites in rainy season which may be due to the gradual disturbances in sedimentation of solids as well as dust particlesdeposited along with runoff rainwater. High temperature, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, BOD and low velocity and DO showed high load of pollution in river Asan. The microbiological studies include Total Colliform/ml (462±113.13),Faecal Colliform/ml (294.5±47.37) and SPC/ml (16×102) gives a clear indication of poor water quality. The results of bacterial parameters studies exceed the drinking water permissible limits suggested by WHO, ICMR and ISI.

Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of vertebral bone marrow lesions

Purpose: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in differentiating vertebral marrow pathologies. To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and threshold apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values that can aid in the differentiation of malignant from benign bone marrow lesions. Material and methods: This observational study included 100 patients, who underwent MRI examination with a 1.5 Tesla scanner. The ADC values of normal and pathological vertebrae were estimated, and the threshold ADC values were computed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The results were correlated with histopathological diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and other investigations. Statistical analysis was done by employing unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test and the p-value of < 0.05 was deemed as statistically significant. Results: Vertebral bone marrow lesions had a male predominance and there was a predilection towards thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, with L4 being the commonest. Metastasis was the commonest lesion, followed by spondylodiscitis. The mean ADC value of benign pathologies was significantly greater than malignant pathologies (p < 0.05). The threshold value for the demarcation between benign and malignant pathologies was computed to be 1.21 × 10-3 mm2/s. DW imaging had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.31%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusions: Vertebral marrow lesions can be differentiated as benign or malignant with good sensitivity and specificity with the help of DW-ADC maps

Prevalence based Epidemiological Cancer Statistics: A Brief Assessment from Different Populations in India

Abstract Modern civilization, urbanization, industrialization, changes in daily life, population growth and ageing all have contributed to epidemiological changes in many diseases, including cancer, in India and other countries. Tobacco has been identified as the most important cause of cancer followed by alcohol consumption, dietary practices, inadequate physical activity, infections due to viruses and sexual behavior. The total number of new cancer cases is increasing rapidly, due to growth in size of the population, and an increase in the proportion of elderly persons, as a result of improved life expectancy, following control of communicable diseases. Such changes in the age structure automatically alter the disease pattern associated with ageing and increase the burden of problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases in the society. Knowledge based on epidemiological patterns and trends would be of great help in identifying persons at high risk for the development of a particular cancer. Public education on &apos;tobacco and its health hazards&apos; , recommended dietary guidelines, safe sexual practices, and lifestyle modifications form the scientific basis for planning and organizing prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer in a community. Moreover, incorporating screening for cervical, breast and oral cancers into the peripheral health infrastructure can have a significant effect on reducing mortality from these diseases. This paper highlights the incidence and prevalence based epidemiological cancer statistics, its early detection and prevention measures in India