Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Attention GCN

We propose a novel technique to enhance Knowledge Graph Reasoning by combining Graph Convolution Neural Network (GCN) with the Attention Mechanism. This approach utilizes the Attention Mechanism to examine the relationships between entities and their neighboring nodes, which helps to develop detailed feature vectors for each entity. The GCN uses shared parameters to effectively represent the characteristics of adjacent entities. We first learn the similarity of entities for node representation learning. By integrating the attributes of the entities and their interactions, this method generates extensive implicit feature vectors for each entity, improving performance in tasks including entity classification and link prediction, outperforming traditional neural network models. To conclude, this work provides crucial methodological support for a range of applications, such as search engines, question-answering systems, recommendation systems, and data integration tasks

Standardization of PCR-RFLP analysis of nsSNP rs1468384 of NPC1L1 gene

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, a newly identified sterol influx transporter, located at the apical membrane of the enterocyte, which may actively facilitate the uptake of cholesterol by promoting the passage of sterols across the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. It effects intestinal cholesterol absorption and intracellular transport and as such is an integral part of complex process of cholesterol homeostasis. The study of population data for the distribution of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of NPC1L1 has lead to the identification of six non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNP). The in vitro analysis using the software MuPro and StructureSNP shows that nsSNP M510I (rs1468384), which involves A \uaeG base pair change leads to decrease in the stability of the protein. A reproducible and a cost-effective PCR-RFLP based assay was developed to screen for the SNP among population data. This SNP has been studied in Caucasian, Asian, and African American populations. Till date, no data is available on Indian population. The distribution of M510I NPC1L1 genotype was estimated in the North Western Indian Population as a test case. The allele distribution in Indian Population differs significantly from that of other populations. The methodology thus proved to be robust enough to bring out these differences

<i style="">In silico</i> sequence variation analysis of Niemann Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) gene and its association with cholesterol binding and protein structure stability

192-202Niemann Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) is a multitransmembrane protein and plays a crucial role in intestinal cholesterol absorption. An in silico approach has been undertaken to decipher its putative functions, other than that in cholesterol absorption, alongwith illustrations on structural domains and other characteristic features. The sequence analysis of the protein states that it belongs to the patched family, sharing a parent-child relationship with it. While phylogenetic analysis provides evidence regarding its early origin in evolution pointing to its participation in more fundamental processes. The effect of non-synonymous (ns) SNPs on the structural stability of the protein as studied by MuPro reveals that substitution of M510I, L1067F, D1071G and E1308K nsSNPs lead to decrease in the stability of the protein. This may potentially affect the structure or function of expressed protein and could, therefore, have an impact on its role in complex diseases conditions like atherosclerosis, Alzheimers disease, etc. The M510I present on the exon 2 of the gene showed 40% sequence similarity with the sequence of CAD (Caspase activated DNase) domain of murine CAD (PDB id IC9F) and its heterodimeric complex ICAD (PDB id 1F2R), as studied by StructureSNP. This points out to the corresponding region acting as a molecular chaperon binding site, playing a potential role in post-translational folding of NPC1L1

Standardization of PCR-RFLP analysis of nsSNP rs1468384 of NPC1L1 gene

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, a newly identified sterol influx transporter, located at the apical membrane of the enterocyte, which may actively facilitate the uptake of cholesterol by promoting the passage of sterols across the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. It effects intestinal cholesterol absorption and intracellular transport and as such is an integral part of complex process of cholesterol homeostasis. The study of population data for the distribution of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of NPC1L1 has lead to the identification of six non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNP). The in vitro analysis using the software MuPro and StructureSNP shows that nsSNP M510I (rs1468384), which involves A→G base pair change leads to decrease in the stability of the protein. A reproducible and a cost-effective PCR-RFLP based assay was developed to screen for the SNP among population data. This SNP has been studied in Caucasian, Asian, and African American populations. Till date, no data is available on Indian population. The distribution of M510I NPC1L1 genotype was estimated in the North Western Indian Population as a test case. The allele distribution in Indian Population differs significantly from that of other populations. The methodology thus proved to be robust enough to bring out these differences

Multi-State Markov Model: An Application to Liver Cirrhosis

The control and treatment of chronic diseases is a major public health challenge, particularly for patients suffering from liver disease. In this paper, we propose a frame to estimate survival and death probabilities of the patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and HCC in the presence of competing risks. Database of the admitted patients in a hospital in Delhi has been used for the study. A stochastic illness-death model has been developed describing two liver illness states (Cirrhosis and HCC) and two death states (death due to liver disease and death due to competing risk). Individuals in the study were observed for one year of life at any age xi. The survival and death probabilities of the individuals suffering from liver cirrhosis and HCC have been estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The probability of staying in the cirrhotic state is estimated to be threefold higher than that of developing HCC (0.64/0.21) in one year of life. The probability of cirrhotic patient moving to HCC state is twice (0.21/0.11) the probability of dying due to liver disease. HCC being the severe stage, the probability of patient dying due to HCC is three times that of cirrhosis. Markov model proves to be a useful tool for analysis of chronic degenerative disease like liver cirrhosis. It can provide in-depth insight for both the researchers and policy makers to resolve complex problems related to liver cirrhosis with irreversible transitions

Proceedings of International Conference On Global Innovations In Computing Technology (ICGICT&apos;14) Securing Data Packets from Vampire Attacks in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Network

ABSTRACT: Wireless Ad-hoc Sensor Network is an emerging platform in the field of remote sensing, data collection, analysis, rectification of the problem and research in various studies. The objective of this paper is to examine resource depletion attacks at the routing protocol layer, which attempts to permanently disable network nodes by quickly draining their battery power. This type of attack is called as vampire attack. These attacks are not specific to any protocol, but rather rely on the properties of many popular classes of routing protocols. In the worst case, a single Vampire can increase network-wide energy usage by a factor of O(N), where N is the number of network nodes. Methods to detect and secure data packets from vampires during the packet forwarding phase is discussed

Factors Related to Health Service Utilization among Adolescent Girls in Urban Slums of Jaipur, India

Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with health-care service utilization among adolescent girls in urban slums in Jaipur, India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 417 adolescent girls was conducted. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data and determine the factors associated with healthcare service utilization. Findings: Only 48.2% of girls with health problems visited health-care facilities for treatment. About 68.6% delayed treatment by 3 or more days after the onset of symptoms, and 85.6% first tried remedies available at home. Girl’s education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65– 8.57), mother’s education (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI = 1.2– 9.96), father’s income (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 0.76– 5.32), mother’s income (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.03– 11.18), and counseling by field health workers (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.18– 7.89) were factors significantly associated with utilization of health services. Girls cited parental neglect of their health, insufficient funds, lack of privacy, and inconvenient assessment times at health facilities as major barriers. Conclusion: The findings from the study show that the utilization of facility-based health services among adolescent girls is low, and there is a significant postponement in visiting health facilities after the onset of symptoms. There is a need to create community-level awareness, improve outreach by field health workers, ensure privacy in health-care facilities, and improve facility-based health service utilization among adolescent girls