On invertor elements and finitely generated subgroups of groups acting on trees with inversions

An element of a group acting on a graph is called invertor if it transfers an edge of the graph to its inverse. In this paper, we show that if G is a group acting on a tree X with inversions such that G does not fix any element of X, then an element g of G is invertor if and only if g is not in any vertex stabilizer of G and g2 is in an edge stabilizer of G. Moreover, if H is a finitely generated subgroup of G, then H contains an invertor element or some conjugate of H contains a cyclically reduced element of length at least one on which H is not in any vertex stabilizer of G, or H is in a vertex stabilizer of G

Global Abortion And Marketing Challenges For Misoprostol (Cytotec): The Future Of Womens Health

This paper provides an overview of the controversial drug Misoprostol (Cytotec) and its importance for womens health worldwide while presenting global challenges related to abortion. Furthermore, this paper discusses marketing challenges and opportunities that exist in todays global marketplace for this drug. Misoprostol is an approved drug utilized to prevent stomach ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but it also has an off label use as an abortion pill for which it is being used today. Worldwide implications are vast and Misoprostol presents a future challenge for clinical studies and marketing professionals

Practitioner Perspectives Of Information Technology Industry Intrapreneurship: An Exploratory Study

Scholars have shown that maintaining an intrapreneurial culture contributes to superior firm performance (Parboteeah, 2000) and attracting better qualified job applicants (Olmsted, 2005). Yet, there remains a need for more research “regarding the successes or failures of large companies that systematically instill corporate entrepreneurship” (Thornberry, 2003 p. 332).  While an increasing number of scholars have examined the benefits and challenges of creating and maintaining an intrapreneurial culture, there remains a need to examine intrapreneurship from an intrapreneur’s perspective. This article is an exploratory study which qualitatively, through the use of informational interviews, explores how experienced intrapreneurs within the Information Technology (IT) field view intrapreneurial opportunities and how management practices explicitly and/or implicitly effect intrapreneurial perceptions

A Study In Relationship Orientation And Prioritization Of Alumni Association Preferences With College Seniors In Higher Education

Higher education institutions need to create a relationship with their alumni; however, often this outreach is done without adequate data on which to base decisions.  To gain a better understanding of what activities future alumni may regard as both important and enjoyable for their participation as alumni, a survey of current senior-status undergraduate students of a medium-sized public southern university was conducted. The research consisted of an exploratory questionnaire with 108 senior-level students who participated in the survey.  The survey consisted of information collected regarding their attitudes towards what the priorities of the university’s alumni association should be and personal recommendation of the university to their friends and relatives.  The survey’s findings help identify the needs and preferences of those who are soon to be alumni, and point to a number of areas that can be pursued further in an attempt to improve the relationship between the university and its alumni

The Lasting Effects Of Social Media Trends On Advertising

Americans are exposed to an astounding number of advertising messages every day.  The result of this bombardment of advertising on society is that consumers have become increasingly resistant to traditional forms of advertising.  After spending millions of dollars on mass advertising that consumers tend to block out and ignore, marketers have re-evaluated their advertising methods and are following holistic marketing concepts that focus on customer relationship marketing and more creative, understated ads instead of in-your-face billboards and loud television segments.  This paper explores social media trends, including social media opportunities and mobile marketing, and the potentially lasting effects that these trends have on advertising

The Lasting Effects Of Social Media Trends On Advertising

Americans are exposed to an astounding number of advertising messages every day.  The result of this bombardment of advertising on society is that consumers have become increasingly resistant to traditional forms of advertising.  After spending millions of dollars on mass advertising that consumers tend to block out and ignore, marketers have re-evaluated their advertising methods and are following holistic marketing concepts that focus on customer relationship marketing and more creative, understated ads instead of in-your-face billboards and loud television segments.  This paper explores social media trends, including social media opportunities and mobile marketing, and the potentially lasting effects that these trends have on advertising

Opening A New Service Marketing Channel For Medical Products: How Pharmacists Became Immunizers

Medical product firms often have limited channels of distribution due to the highly regulated environment in which they operate.  Creating a new channel for delivery of a health product is very difficult because it requires political action and requires strong arguments that there is unmet need for the product.  Determined leadership and action by the intermediaries involved and evidence that the product can be used safely in the new channel are also essential.  Pharmacists, vaccine manufacturers, and public health officials were able to open up a new channel for marketing vaccines by persistent effort over the past 15 years.  This paper describes this effort and illustrates the benefits for consumers, manufacturers, pharmacists, pharmacy chains, and the public health infrastructure.  A series of lessons learned is provided as guideposts for others to use in changing medical product distribution channels

The Impact of Innovative Executive Servant Leadership on Organizational Citizenship, and Organizational Cynicism

Have you ever wondered how your employees complained to their friends about how things happened in your organization? The most challenging part for Servant Leadership is to reduce organizational cynicism and nurture organizational citizenship. The major research interest for this study was to discover whether the bottom-up servant leadership theory to “serve” first and “lead” second can be truly practiced by the president of a university and whether it is valid and effective in reducing employee’s organizational cynicism and enhancing employee’s organizational citizenship. The results showed that the goodness of fit (GFI) was good and sufficient and adequate. The null hypotheses were rejected significantly. Conversely, this study’s findings demonstrate empirically that leader-follower relationships and employee cynicism and non-citizenship problems are closely associated with servant leadership in terms of the leader’s vision, philosophy, attitudes, behaviors, and management policy in the areas of interpersonal support, building community, altruism, egalitarianism, and moral integrity

FORMULATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GROWTH HORMONE DELIVERY

Growth hormone treatment has many indications including the treatment of growth hormone deficiency, Prader–Willi syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, Turner syndrome, AIDS-related wasting, idiopathic short stature in children, and accumulation of fat which related in adults with lipodystrophy. Conventional therapy was achieved using intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. However, noncompliance was very high. To solve this; many studies have been attempted to prepare long-acting formulations and new to make derivatives of growth hormone and to use alternative routes of administration which term as noninvasive routes such as intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal and oral. New delivery systems were also used such as needle-free and auto-injector devices. In this review, different formulations, technologies, and routes of growth hormone delivery will be presented with the discussion of the principles of formulations and selected additives that were used to achieve improved growth hormone formulations

Subgroups of quasi-HNN groups

We extend the structure theorem for the subgroups of the class of HNN groups to a new class of groups called quasi-HNN groups. The main technique used is the subgroup theorem for groups acting on trees with inversions