1,146 research outputs found
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STEROIDS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA
Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the steroid content present in the leaves, stem, pods and callus of Prosopis juliflora.Methods: The method of Tomita et al., was used for isolation of steroids. The structure of the isolated compound was established on the basis of physical and chemical test and spectroscopic evidence (TLC, IR and GC-MS).Results: The study concluded that a single type of steroid Diosgenin was found in the selected plant species.Conclusion: Diosgenin is an important steroidal metabolite used as a starting material for the synthesis of steroidal drugs, as it exhibits estrogenic activity
Stability prediction of residual soil and rock slope using artificial neural network
A sudden downward movement of the geomaterial, either composed of soil, rock, or a mixture of both, along the mountain slopes due to various natural or anthropogenic factors is known as a landslide. The Himalayan Mountain slopes are either made up of residual soil or rocks. Residual soil is formed from weathering of the bedrock and mainly occurs in gentle-to-moderate slope inclinations. In contrast, steep slopes are mostly devoid of soil cover and are primarily rocky. A stability prediction system that can analyse the slope under both the condition of the soil or rock surface is missing. In this study, artificial neural network technology has been utilised to predict the stability of jointed rock and residual soil slope of the Himalayan region. The database for the artificial neural network was obtained from numerical simulation of several residual soils and rock slope models. Nonlinear equations have been formulated by coding the artificial neural network algorithm. An android application has also been developed to predict the stability of residual soil and rock slope instantly. It was observed that the developed android app provides promising results in predicting the factor of safety and stability state of the slopes. © 2022 Mahesh Paliwal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
Nuclear Spin Relaxation for Higher Spin
We study the relaxation of a spin I that is weakly coupled to a quantum
mechanical environment. Starting from the microscopic description, we derive a
system of coupled relaxation equations within the adiabatic approximation.
These are valid for arbitrary I and also for a general stationary
non--equilibrium state of the environment. In the case of equilibrium, the
stationary solution of the equations becomes the correct Boltzmannian
equilibrium distribution for given spin I. The relaxation towards the
stationary solution is characterized by a set of relaxation times, the longest
of which can be shorter, by a factor of up to 2I, than the relaxation time in
the corresponding Bloch equations calculated in the standard perturbative way.Comment: 4 pages, Latex, 2 figure
Comparison of exact solution with Eikonal approximation for elastic heavy ion scattering
A first-order optical potential is used to calculate the total and absorption cross sections for nucleus-nucleus scattering. The differential cross section is calculated by using a partial-wave expansion of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation in momentum space. The results are compared with solutions in the Eikonal approximation for the equivalent potential and with experimental data in the energy range from 25A to 1000A MeV
Electrically-Controlled Nuclear Spin Polarization and Relaxation by Quantum-Hall states
We investigate interactions between electrons and nuclear spins by using the
resistance (Rxx) peak which develops near filling factor n = 2/3 as a probe. By
temporarily tuning n to a different value, ntemp, with a gate, the Rxx peak is
shown to relax quickly on both sides of ntemp = 1. This is due to enhanced
nuclear spin relaxation by Skyrmions, and demonstrates the dominant role of
nuclear spin in the transport anomaly near n = 2/3. We also observe an
additional enhancement in the nuclear spin relaxation around n = 1/2 and 3/2,
which suggests a Fermi sea of partially-polarized composite fermions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Physics of the Insulating Phase in the Dilute Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
We propose to use the radio-frequency single-electron transistor as an
extremely sensitive probe to detect the time-periodic ac signal generated by
sliding electron lattice in the insulating state of the dilute two-dimensional
electron gas. We also propose to use the optically-pumped NMR technique to
probe the electron spin structure of the insulating state. We show that the
electron effective mass and spin susceptibility are strongly enhanced by
critical fluctuations of electron lattice in the vicinity of the
metal-insulator transition, as observed in experiment.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, uses jetpl.cls (included). v.4: After publication
in JETP Letters, two plots comparing theory and experiment are added, and a
minor error is correcte
Spectroscopic Evidence for the Localization of Skyrmions near Nu=1 as T->0
Optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of Ga-71 spectra
were carried out in an n-doped GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As multiple quantum well sample
near the integer quantum Hall ground state Nu=1. As the temperature is lowered
(down to T~0.3 K), a ``tilted plateau'' emerges in the Knight shift data, which
is a novel experimental signature of quasiparticle localization. The dependence
of the spectra on both T and Nu suggests that the localization is a collective
process. The frozen limit spectra appear to rule out a 2D lattice of
conventional skyrmions.Comment: 4 pages (REVTEX), 5 eps figures embedded in text, published versio
Massive Spin Collective Mode in Quantum Hall Ferromagnet
It is shown that the collective spin rotation of a single Skyrmion in quantum
Hall ferromagnet can be regarded as precession of the entire spin texture in
the external magnetic field, with an effective moment of inertia which becomes
infinite in the zero g-factor limit. This low-lying spin excitation may
dramatically enhance the nuclear spin relaxation rate via the hyperfine
interaction in the quantum well slightly away from filling factor equal one.Comment: 4 page
Magnons and skyrmions in fractional Hall ferromagnets
Recent experiments have established a qualitative difference between the
magnetization temperature-dependences of quantum Hall ferromagnets at
integer and fractional filling factors. We explain this difference in terms of
the relative energies of collective magnon and particle-hole excitations in the
two cases. Analytic calculations for hard-core model systems are used to
demonstrate that, in the fractional case, interactions suppress the
magnetization at finite temperatures and that particle-hole excitations rather
than long-wavelength magnons control at low .Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Operation of Circuit Breaker with the help of Password
A circuit breaker is an electrical switch use to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by faults. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and protect from it. Fuse operates once after that it must be replaced but a circuit breaker can be reset to resume normal condition. During the manual operation, we see inoperable electrical accidents to the line man are rises during maintenance due to improper communication between the maintenance staff and the substation staff.
In order to prevent such accidents, password based circuit breaker is design so that only authentic person can operate it with a password. There is also a facility of changing the password. The system is fully controlled by the microcontroller. The password is saved in an EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller and the password can be changed any time. A keypad is used to submit the password and a relay to operate circuit breaker, which is indicated by a bulb. Any wrong attempt to open the circuit breaker by entering the wrong password an alert will be shown in the LCD
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