The Impact of Abdulhamid's Pan-Islamic Policy on Indian Muslims Living Under British Rule

The impact of Abdulhamid II's pan-Islamic policies on Indian Muslims living in British colonies in the late 19th century is examined in this study. This multidimensional study contextualizes Indian Muslims' experiences under British colonial rule through historical analysis, archival sources, and diplomatic documents. The literature review explores the Sultan's participation in late 19th-century pan-Islamic movements, while the introduction summarizes Abdulhamid II's pan-Islamic aspirations. The next parts examine the practices of British colonialism against Indian Muslims, the body of study on the subject's connection to Abdulhamid's pan-Islamic goal, and the research approach, which places a strong emphasis on the analysis of primary sources. Results show how the spread of pan-Islamic concepts has an impact on the politics, culture, and educational attainment of Indian Muslims. The study focuses on how Abdulhamid's theories were received differently, how they were incorporated into regional sociopolitical groups, and how this led to modifications in community dynamics and leadership. The paper adds to the field of Islamic studies, world history, and current conversations on Islam and identity. It concludes with a summary, consequences, and recommendations for additional research

Organizational Commitment of Teachers and Role of Their Employment Traits in the Context of Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

Employment traits have been studied having an impact over the organization commitment of the teachers. However, the scholars have inconsistent views regarding the relative strength of different traits groups such as Experience, Education, Type of Organizations, Chairpersonship, Salary and Designation over the commitment. In existing study, Meyer and Allen (1984-1997) “Three Component Model” was employed for collection of commitment profile of 312 both Public and Private faculty members of Institute of Management Sciences of Pakistan. Test of significance both t and ANOVA was applied and results of the statistical test divulge that most of the demographic variable like (experience, education, Salary etc.) causes a variation in the mean of commitment of the faculty members of Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

The Status of Resources and Services in the Public Libraries of Sindh, Pakistan: A Study

Purpose: This study assessed the public libraries of Sindh in terms of information and human resources, services and the problems faced by the libraries in the delivery of services. Methodology: The study was quantitative in nature and survey research method was used to achieve the desired objectives. There were 30 public libraries, which constituted the study’s population and data was collected from heads/incharge of libraries through the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Results: The heads of most libraries were non-professionals, and some libraries were worked with very few staff. The availability of information resources was found inadequate and resources such as maps, reports, theses & dissertations, rare books, and e-books were found in very few libraries. The services such as open shelf, circulation, reference and current awareness services were offered by most libraries; however, SDI, audiovisual, document reservation, interlibrary loan, orientation and scanning services were offered by few libraries. The major problems faced by the libraries were lack of training opportunities, non-availability of integrated library software, insufficient information, human and financial resources, limited e-resources and lack of commitment from the management. Implications: The study\u27s findings could be beneficial to the concerned authorities. The key points to be considered include 1) information resources should be procured both in printed and electronic formats, 2) the existing facilities and services should be upgraded and extended to other libraries and, 3) sufficient funds should be provided to acquire information resources, develop proper infrastructure and launched new services. Originality: This is the first study in the province to assess the various aspects of public libraries. It will fill the literature gap and guide the researchers to explore the other aspects of public libraries. Keywords: Information Resources, Library Services, Public Libraries, Human Resources, Sindh, Pakista

The Impacts of Microfinance on Women Entrepreneurs “A Case Study of District Quetta, Pakistan”

The main objective of this study is to find out whether the provision of microfinance services by BRAC, Pakistan at district Quetta Urban area has brought out any changes in women micro-entrepreneur. The cross sectional design using household as the unit of assessment was selected for the present study, the primary data was collected through structured questionnaires covered one group of 60 female from present beneficiaries or former beneficiaries who have already received loan from the BRAC, Pakistan at district Quetta for at least two years before 1st October, 2011 the date on which face to face interviews of clients were conducted and another group of 20 female consisting of new clients/ non-beneficiaries who have with the microfinance programs for maximum period of two to three months duration were used as control group using cluster random samples.From the analyzed data it was infer that microfinance was helpful in empowering female entrepreneurs socially as well as economically in urban area of Quetta district. Keywords: Microcredit, Microfinance, Microfinance Institutions, Microenterprise, Micro- entrepreneur

Assessment of ICT Facilities in the Public Libraries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Descriptive Study

Purpose: This study aimed to review the ICT facilities in the public libraries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The specific objectives were to see the status of ICT resources, check the ICT tools used in delivering services, and point out problems faced by the public libraries in developing ICT infrastructure. Research Design and Methodology: The study\u27s population consisted of public libraries in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The census-based approach was employed, and data was gathered from library heads via questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Findings: It was found that most of the libraries did not have electronic information resources like e-books, theses and dissertations and access to the HEC database. Most libraries lacked ICT equipment, including microfilming machines, barcode readers, external hard drives, digital cameras, television and multimedia projectors. The majority of libraries did not use ICT applications like Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Flickr and RSS for library services. The key problems identified by libraries while developing ICT infrastructure were inadequate e-resources, limited staff, lack of financial resources, insufficient IT staff and non-availability of standard library software. Implications: The study\u27s findings are beneficial to the government and higher library authorities. The critical point to be considered includes 1) LIS professionals and IT staff be recruited and trained in modern learning, education and communication skills, 2) sufficient funds should be provided to libraries to develop ICT infrastructure 3) digital resources should be acquired, and 4) the librarians should have the power and freedom to spend the budget based on the users\u27 needs. Originality: The study is unique because this is the first study in the country to assess the ICT facilities of public libraries. It will fill the literature gap and guide the researchers to do similar studies across the country. Keywords: ICT Infrastructure, ICT tools and applications, ICT Facilities, Public Libraries, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakista

The Role of Organization Culture in Predicting Organizational Effectiveness: A Case from Developing Countries

This study aims to extend cross-cultural research in examining the potential influence of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness in the context of higher education institutions of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A non-experimental and cross sectional perceptual data was collected using survey questionnaire through the senior faculty members and administrators. Selection of the subjects was made on one of the most efficient probability sampling techniques namely disproportionate stratified random sampling.Further, the measurement instruments based on a competing values framework of renowned scholars in the field were adopted to tape both of the study variables. Grounded on collected data for direct effect of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness was empirically tested via multiple regression analysis. Overall, the resultant information of regression model revealed organizational culture as a significant predictor of organizational effectiveness. Moreover, out of four traits of organizational culture, two traits i.e., clan, adhocracy showed significant positive relationships to organizational effectiveness, while bureaucratic type of culture exhibited as inverse association and seemed in line of prior research.Contrarily, exception is noticed for market type of culture. Discussion of these findings followed by implications, limitations, direction for future research and conclusion are given subsequently in the article.Key words: Organizational culture; Competing Values Framework (CVF); Organizational effectiveness; Higher education institution

Wheat germ oil enrichment in broiler feed with α-lipoic acid to enhance the antioxidant potential and lipid stability of meat

BACKGROUND: Lipid peroxidation is the cause of declining the meat quality. Natural antioxidants plays a vital role in enhancing the stability and quality of meat. The supplementation of natural antioxidants in feed decreases lipid peroxidation and improves the stability of meat. METHODS: The present research was conducted to determine the effect of α-lipoic acid, α-tocopherol and wheat germ oil on the status of antioxidants, quality and lipid stability of broiler meat. One day old male broilers were fed with different feeds containing antioxidants i.e. natural (wheat germ oil) and synthetic α-tocopherol and α-lipoic acid during the two experimental years. RESULTS: The feed treatments have significant variation on the body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) while having no influence on the feed intake. The broilers fed on wheat germ oil (natural α-tocopherol) gained maximum body weight (2451.97 g & 2466.07 g) in the experimental years 2010–11 & 2011–12, respectively. The higher total phenolic contents were found in the broilers fed on wheat germ oil plus α-lipoic acid in breast (162.73±4.8 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g & 162.18±4.5 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g) and leg (149.67±3.3 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g & 146.07±3.2 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g) meat during both experimental years. Similar trend was observed for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The production of malondialdehydes in the breast and leg meat increased with progressive increase in the time period. The deposition of α-tocopherol (AT) and α-lipoic acid (ALA) contents were found to be higher in the broilers fed on wheat germ oil plus α-lipoic acid in breast and leg meat during the both experimental years. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the combination of wheat germ oil and α-lipoic acid has more beneficial for stability and the quality of the broiler meat and more work should be needed in future for the bio-evaluation of this kind of functional meat in humans

Farmakokinetika i optimalno doziranje kanamicina u domaćih preživača.

Pharmacokinetics and optimal dosage of kanamycin were investigated in domestic ruminant species. In indigenous female adult Nili/Ravi buffaloes, Sahiwal cattle, Lohi sheep and Teddy goats, values of elimination half-life (t1/2β)volume of distribution (Vd) and total body clearance (ClB) have been found to be greater than most respective values in their foreign counterparts. Elimination halflife values in domestic ruminants correspond to their respective glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values: the higher the GFR, the shorter the half-life. Comparison of half-life values in domestic ruminants with corresponding total body clearance values showed that shorter half-life should not be equated with higher clearance. To maintain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/ml of plasma, an optimal dosage regimen of 10.9, 10.2, 12.7 and 15.4 mg/kg body mass for priming and 9.31, 7.79, 11.7 and 14.7 mg/kg body mass for maintenance to be repeated at 12 hour interval have been suggested in buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats, respectively.Istražena je farmakokinetika i optimalno doziranje kanamicina u domaæih preživača. Poluvrijeme eliminacije lijeka iz plazme (t1/2β), prividni volumen raspodjele (Vd) i ukupni klirens lijeka iz organizma (ClB) bio je veći u odraslih ženki bivola Nili/Ravi, goveda Sahiwal, ovaca Lohi i koza Teddy od odgovarajućih vrijednosti drugih autora. Vrijednosti poluvremena eliminacije lijeka u domaćih preživača odgovarale su vrijednostima stupnja glomerularne filtracije. Što je bio veći stupanj glomerularne filtracije to je bilo kraće poluvrijeme izlučivanja. Usporedba vrijednosti poluvremena izlučivanja s odgovarajućim ukupnim klirensom pokazala je da kraće poluvrijeme izlučivanja ne bi trebalo izjednačiti s većim klirensom. Za održavanje minimalne inhibicijske koncentracije od 2 μg/ml plazme kao optimalna početna doza preporučuje se za bivola 10,9 mg/kg, za govedo 10,2 mg/kg, za ovcu 12,7 mg/kg te za kozu 15,4 mg/kg tjelesne mase. Za održavanje koncentracije lijeka preporučuje se ponovno davanje u razmaku od 12 sati za bivola 9,31 mg/kg, za govedo 7,79 mg/kg, za ovcu 11,7 mg/kg te za kozu 14,7 mg/kg tjelesne mase

Antihyperlipidaemic Efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi in Albino Rabbits

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antihyperlipidaemic efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi (L) Sprague, seed (Ajowan) powder in albino rabbits. Hyperlipidaemia was induced with butter ad libitum and oral intubation of cholesterol 400 mg/kg body weight. Simvastatin, (Tablet survive®) was used as a synthetic cholesterol lowering drug. The results suggest that 2 g/kg T. ammi seed powder produced hypolipidaemic activity, rendering 49%, 53%, 71% and 63% reduction in total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, respectively. However, at this dosage level 62% increase in the value of HDL-cholesterol was induced by T. ammi seed powder. Nonetheless, 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg T. ammi seed powder did not show antihyperlipidaemic activity. T. ammi seed powder at the rate of 2 g/kg and simvastatin (0.6 mg/kg body weight) were equally effective in treating hyperlipidaemia in albino rabbits. Moreover, this dosage level also significantly reduced the cholesterol content of liver tissue. It can be anticipated that the lipid lowering mechanism may involve enhanced removal or catabolism of lipoproteins, inhibition of HMG COA reductase, and/or inhibition of lysosomal lipid hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the liver