A Critical Review of Quality of Rainwater Harvesting System

Water scarcity is a vital problem in the growing of many countries. Increasing water demand because of urbanization and industrial development and increase in agricultural fields is inescapable. Surface and ground water are rapidly utilized.  Rain water harvesting is also a crucial strategy to catching, collecting as well as storing rain water during the downpour that can be helpful to recharge ground water. Rain water will be used for the demand of water supply as well as it helps to increase the quality as well as quantity of water. This paper discusses, existing information on the water quality of storm water services on the roof. Various factors influencing the physicochemical as well as microbiological consistency of harvested water are explained. Proper management of rainwater gathered will be required to make the rainwater extracted safe for consumption. Various previous studies have shown the importance of Quality of water and its effect on human health

Detection of Real Time QRS Complex Using Wavelet Transform

This paper presents a novel method for QRS detection. To accomplish this task ECG signal was first filtered by using a third order Savitzky Golay filter. The filtered ECG signal was then preprocessed by a Wavelet based denoising in a real-time fashion to minimize the undefined noise level. R-peak was then detected from denoised signal after wavelet denoising. Windowing mechanism was also applied for finding any missing R-peaks. All the 48 records have been used to test the proposed method. During this testing, 99.97% sensitivity and 99.99% positive predictivity is obtained for QRS complex detection

The Working and Middle Class Disparities in Sports Participation among Girls Students of Hyderabad District

The present study is designed to examine social class differences in sport participations among girl students of Hyderabad District. It is assumed that working class girls will have greater participation in college competitive sports than the middle class girls do. A total of 120 participants were randomly selected from different colleges of Hyderabad District Sindh, consisting of sport participants and non-participants of college-girl students. The instruments that have been applied in the present study are personal information questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire, adjective checklist, attitude towards out-door games and college principal information questionnaire. Different statistical procedures (e.g., reliability Coefficient, test, etc,) were applied to analyze the data by using Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) The main objective of this study was to investigate the social class difference in the sport participants among female students in Hyderabad District Sindh, to provide mass awareness of sports and healthful activities to them and focus the attention of female students of Hyderabad District towards physical education and sports. The main colleges of the Hyderabad District were selected for the present study. The focus of the study was to undertake research on middle and working class participants. In this context other related factors such as social status, time spent by female students in sports, their problems like ethnic, societal and parental attitudes towards female sports are identified. The basic purpose of the study was also to survey sports facilities available in girls’ college, realizing the social class belongingness of sports participants, to measure self-esteem and self-adequacy of the female college students and to measure the attitude of people towards female sports. It also explores dominant factor that play a vital role in the development of attitudes of the youth that helped significantly in promoting the process of national integration. In view of the changing trends in respect of modernizing physical education, the present study is an attempt to 'divert the attention of the society towards female participation in sports and to give physical education a professional meaning for the integration and total development of girl’s personality; and to confirm whether female participants having social class difference have significant effect on their perception and self-esteem scores. Many parents feel that the impact of sports activities would negatively affect their body features. In our tradition bound society, number of widely held beliefs, though significantly inaccurate, this may be one of the-reasons for parents to discourage their daughters to participate in s ports. Due to in adequate knowledge of physical education and sports, it is believed that girls participation in competitive sports is physically dangerous, as they may eventually lose their femininity and harm delicate female reproductive system. This study has also dealt with to analyze the perceptions of female participants about being more affectionate, smart, physicality and socially strong and, adjustable in tackling the affairs of the society in terms of understanding, predicting, communicating and controlling individuals. Further, to investigate whether female sport participants. have better capacity to cope up with the pressure of competition, crowd and its behavior, importance of winning, influence of coach, parents, friends, and observe the societal attitude 'with confidence to make them responsible citizens

Interaction of the Anticancer Plant Alkaloid Sanguinarine with Bovine Serum Albumin

Background: Interaction of the iminium and alkanolamine forms of sanguinarine with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was characterized by spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. Methodology/Principal Findings: Formation of strong complexes of BSA with both iminium and alkanolamine forms was revealed from fluorescence quenching of sanguinarine. Binding parameters calculated from Stern-Volmer quenching method revealed that the neutral alkanolamine had higher affinity to BSA compared to the charged iminium form. Specific binding distances of 3.37 and 2.38 nm between Trp 212 (donor) and iminium and alkanolamine forms (acceptor), respectively, were obtained from Forster resonance energy transfer studies. Competitive binding using the site markers warfarin and ibuprofen, having definite binding sites, demonstrated that both forms of sanguinarine bind to site I (subdomain IIA) on BSA. Sanguinarine binding alters protein conformation by reducing the a-helical organization and increasing the coiled structure, indicating a small but definitive partial unfolding of the protein. Thermodynamic parameters evaluated from isothermal titration calorimetry suggested that the binding was enthalpy driven for the iminium form but favoured by negative enthalpy and strong favourable entropy contributions for the alkanolamine form, revealing the involvement of different molecular forces in the complexation. Conclusions/Significance: The results suggest that the neutral alkanolamine form binds to the protein more favourabl

Impact of Body Weight on Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Young Adult Students of Doctor of Physiotherapy, Karachi

Objectives: To determine the recurrence of body disappointment, loss of control and self- related wellbeing in interpose the relationship among body weight and impairments in self-esteem among students of Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) Material and Methods: The research was among youthful understudies of the two sexes (boys and girls) of Doctor of Physiotherapy in both campuses—removed for blind review---. Concluded an overview through the questionnaire (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale according to the sample size of 298 computed through online programming Open Epi. The survey was acknowledged globally and it was standardized questionnaire. The data was assembled by figuring the BMI among body weight understudies of (DPT) and to check the level of self-esteem by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The survey conducted from January 2019 to February 2019. Results: Normal weight was adjusted to 18.50 till 24.90 – a total of 81 respondents, Overweight was adjusted to 25.00 till 29.90 of 35 respondents, obese category was adjusted to 30.00 or more a total of 17 respondents were adjudged to be in this category as per weigh ranges BMI. After analyzing the Chi-Square tabulation, it was found that the highest self-esteem was found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. As the table shows that girls have more self-esteem as compared to the boys, although the girl’s respondents are more so than boys are. Conclusion: It has been conclude that the proportion of the highest self-esteem were found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Stress, Obesity, Body image, Depression and Self-esteem

Impact of Body Weight on Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Young Adult Students of Doctor of Physiotherapy, Karachi

Objectives: To determine the recurrence of body disappointment, loss of control and self- related wellbeing in interpose the relationship among body weight and impairments in self-esteem among students of Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) Material and Methods: The research was among youthful understudies of the two sexes (boys and girls) of Doctor of Physiotherapy in both campuses—removed for blind review---. Concluded an overview through the questionnaire (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale according to the sample size of 298 computed through online programming Open Epi. The survey was acknowledged globally and it was standardized questionnaire. The data was assembled by figuring the BMI among body weight understudies of (DPT) and to check the level of self-esteem by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The survey conducted from January 2019 to February 2019. Results: Normal weight was adjusted to 18.50 till 24.90 – a total of 81 respondents, Overweight was adjusted to 25.00 till 29.90 of 35 respondents, obese category was adjusted to 30.00 or more a total of 17 respondents were adjudged to be in this category as per weigh ranges BMI. After analyzing the Chi-Square tabulation, it was found that the highest self-esteem was found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. As the table shows that girls have more self-esteem as compared to the boys, although the girl’s respondents are more so than boys are. Conclusion: It has been conclude that the proportion of the highest self-esteem were found in the normal weight BMI category respondents followed by the overweight category and the lowest self-esteem was found in obese category. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Stress, Obesity, Body image, Depression and Self-esteem

Sonographic evaluation of normal liver, spleen, and renal parameters in adult population: A multicenter study

Objective: To determine the normal liver, spleen, and renal parameters in adult patients with no comorbidities. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dow Institute of Radiology, Ojha Campus, LEJ Campus, and Al-Mustafa Hospital Karachi, from October 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: A total of 3,136 study participants with more than 16 years of age of either gender underwent ultrasound examination. All individuals with morbid conditions like hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), liver cirrhosis, hydronephrosis, renal cyst, and liver mass were excluded. Ultrasound scan was performed and longitudinal and transverse sections were obtained of both kidneys (in full inspiration), spleen and liver. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between age and spleen size of the individuals (r=0.053, p=0.012). The correlation of BMI and liver size was also found significantly positive (r=0.237, p \u3c0.001). The correlation of age and kidney size was found significantly negative in between age and right kidney (r=-0.074, p \u3c0.001) and left kidney (r=-0.087, p \u3c0.001). Similarly, the correlation of BMI and renal size was found significantly weak positive between BMI and right kidney (r=0.206, p \u3c0.001) and BMI and left kidney (r=0.227, p \u3c0.001). Conclusion: BMI was found significantly positively correlated with liver size and both kidneys in study participants. Moreover, spleen was found directly and renal size inversely correlated with age of the individuals

Metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes: comparison of WHO, modified ATPIII & IDF criteria

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes according to three commonly used operational definitions {World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation( IDF)}. To evaluate the agreement between these classifications in the Pakistani cohort. METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively of 210 patients with type 2 diabetes visiting outpatient clinics of one of the large tertiary care hospitals at Karachi, Pakistan between June 2008 to November 2008. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 81.4% (WHO), 86.7 % (IDF) and 91.9 % (NCEP ATPIII). The degree of agreement (kappa statistic) was found to be highest among IDF & NCEP ATPIII (0.728) as compared to (0.436 & 0.417) between WHO & ATP and WHO & IDF respectively. The most significant predictors for metabolic syndrome were found out to be female gender OR= 8.74 95% CI 1.51-50.53, low HDL cholesterol levels OR = 0.89 95% CI 0.84-0.94 and high systolic blood pressure OR= 1.06 95% CI 1.009-1.11. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggested that NCEP ATPIII and IDF are the most reliable criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients, with NECP capturing more patients in comparison to IDF definition. The alarmingly high frequency of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes found in this study suggests that primary prevention strategies should be initiated earlier and early in this ethnic group and our health care system should be geared up to cope with this deadly quartet

3-(3-Methyl­phen­yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one

In the title compound, C10H9NOS2, the dihedral angle between the rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one) and 3-methyl­phenyl rings is 83.30 (3)°. The H atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two set of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.58 (3):0.42 (3). In the crystal, the mol­ecules inter­act by way of C—H⋯π and C=O⋯π inter­actions