An Analysis of governance, official development assistance and economic growth in developing and transition countries

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2017This paper investigates the Impact of Good governance on effective utilization of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in transition countries as compared to developing countries. We use a data covering a panel of 32transition countries in the, from 1996 to 2013. The empirically study finds strong evidence supporting a positive impact of good governance on ODA. We find strong and robust evidence that governance has a positive impact on effectively of ODA. Therefore, the study reached on conclusion that effective aid utilization required institutions efficiency. This suggests that the other in order to reap the best benefits of ODA improvement in Governance is the first and foremost milestone to be achieved in transition countries as in the case of other developing countries. Both developing and transition economy need institutions reform unless any reform effective aid utilization is dream for both developing and transition countries.1 INTRODUCTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Empirical Analysis 4 Conclusion and Policy RecommendationsmasterpublishedKHAN Niaz Ali

Diversity of Mosquitoes Collected from the Southern Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the diversity of mosquitoes in various towns of the southern belt of KPK. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive study that was conducted in numerous towns of Western belt of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study areas were Darra Adam Khel, District Kohat, District Karak, District Banu, District D.I. Khan and newly merged districts Mir Ali and Miranshah. From each study site, the samples were collected randomly. The sample collection was done through survey and area visits whereas; the identification process was done in a parasitology laboratory of Hayatabad-Peshawar. Sampling was done from June 2016 to May 2017. RESULTS: A total of 2150 adult mosquitoes were gathered and collected from 42 different locations of the southern belt of KPK and were identified. Based on their identification, 5 genera of the mosquitoes were recognized which were Culex, Anopheles, Psorophora, Aedes and Uranotenia. Culex was found to be most dominant in all the visited areas with a percentage of 12.65 in Miranshah followed by 11.81 in Mirali, 7.16 in Karak, 6.88 in Darra Adam Khel, 6.69 in D.I.Khan, 6.41 in Kohat and 5.11 in Bannu respectively. The results of our findings also revealed the presence of Culex genera in all the habitats and remained the dominant genera among the others followed by Anopheles and Psorophora. Aedes was found in the habitat of plants and grasses etc. whereas Uranotenia was found in marsh/swampy areas as well as in plants/grasses habitat only. CONCLUSION: The outcomes reveal that a climate shifting and extensive urbanization process is enforcing the diversity of mosquitos’ fauna in the southern belt of KPK

A Review on MPC Based Self Recovering Intelligent Advance Meter for Smart Grid: Scheme and Challenges

The Model Predict Control (MPC) based Intelligent Advance Metering (IAM) is a core maneuver of future smart grids (SG). SG is the advanced generation of electric power and utility system that improve operation technology (OT) and information technology (IT) to provide nonstop, self-recovery, self-configuration, low-cost, and security-based electricity to the consumer in real-time. Smart metering (SM) allows SG to connect the electric, gas, and oil utilities through sensors. Power plants, consumers, and utility companies will be received real-time wireless control IAM with fifth generation (5G) network technology. The aim of 5G network technology is to enable power grid digitalization (PGD) and facilitate the (IOT) Internet of Things for the future advance SG with benefits such as high-rate public safety, low latency, ultra-high speed, large number of connectivity, and reliability. In this paper, we analyze future predictions about energy needs by using MPC, fast self-recovery system, self-configuration, and upgradation, better performance of service provider, faster power connecting after an outage, control electric theft, minimize electric leakage, a large number of wireless connecting of IAM home-based, and real-time monitoring via human machine interface (HMI) and for customer end IAM operation over 5G networks to reduce billing price, reduce meter cost, lower outage cost, and as well as personalized control over electricity consumption and future challenge in this area

Promjer skrotuma, značajke sperme, plazmatskih hormona sperme te njihova povezanost s histopatološkom slikom testesa i epididimisa u bivola.

This study was carried out on six buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) for a one-year period. Four bulls selected had good and two bulls (No. 321 and 323) had poor semen quality. All bulls were aged from 6-10 years. Scrotal circumference (SC) and sperm characteristics of both bulls were lower than healthy bulls, while dead sperm percentage and total sperm abnormalities were high. Overall seminal plasma testosterone was lower in these bulls, while oestrogen was lower in bull 323 and higher in 321. Histopathological studies of testes of bull 323 showed a 100% loss of germinal epithelium (DGEL) in all three regions of the right testis; however, it was 89.96% in left testis. DGEL in bull 321 was 35.88 % in right and 31.70% in left testis, with higher DGEL in the ventral part in both testes. Total and lumen diameter was greater (P<0.01) in the caudal region of the left epididymis. Epithelial height in the caput region of the left epididymis was higher (P<0.05) in bull 323 while in the corpus of the right epididymis in bull 321 DGEL correlated negatively (P<0.001) with sperm concentration (r = -0.98), progressive motility (r = -0.88) and oestrogen (r = -0.87), and correlated positively (P<0.001) with dead sperm percentage (r = 0.89), total sperm abnormalities (r = 0.99) and testosterone (r = 0.98). Epithelial height showed a negative correlation (P<0.001) with DGEL (r = -0.88) and seminal plasma testosterone (r = -0.87), while it was positive (P<0.001) with oestrogen (r = 0.89).Istraživanje je provedeno na šest bivola (Bubalus bubalis) tijekom jedne godine. U dva bivola (321 i 322) utvrđena je sperma loše kvalitete. U njih je također utvrđen manji opseg skrotuma i velik postotak uginulih i abnormalnih spermija. Koncentracija testosterona u njihovoj spermi bila je niža u odnosu na onu u zdravih životinja. Razina estrogena bila je niža u bivola 323, a viša u bivola 321. Histopatološkom pretragom tkiva testisa bivola 323 utvrđena je potpuna odsutnost germinativnog epitela u desnom testisu te 89,6 %-tna odsutnost u lijevom testisu. U bivola 321 gubitak germinativnog epitela iznosio je 35,88% u desnom i 31,70% u lijevom testisu, s većim stupnjem gubitka u ventralnim dijelovima testisa. Ukupni promjer i promjer lumena bio je veći u kaudalnom području lijevog epididimisa (P<0,01). Visina epitelnih stanica na području glave lijevog epididimisa bila je veća (P<0,05) u bivola 323. Gubitak germinativnog epitela u području glave desnog epididimisa bivola 321 bio je u negativnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) s koncentracijom sperme (r = -0,98), progresivnom pokretljivošću (r = - 0,88) i estrogenom (r = -0,87), a u pozitivnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) s postotkom uginulih spermija (r = 0,89), abnormalnih spermija (r = 0,99) i testosteronom (r = 0,98). Visina epitelnih stanica bila je u negativnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) sa stupnjem gubitka germinativnog epitela (r = -0,88) i testosterona (r = -0,87), a u pozitivnoj (P<0,001) s razinom estrogena (r = 0,89)

Molecular genetic analysis of leucine tRNA in relevance to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background. Several point mutations in the mitochondrial DNA cause maternally inherited metabolic disorders. The most common type of mutation A3243G in the gene of transfer RNA leucine (tRNALeu(UUR)) is thought to be responsible for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to analyze the tRNALeu(UUR) gene of mtDNA of the diabetic individuals with familial history of diabetes to identify the point mutations A3243G. Material and methods. Saliva samples were preferred as a source of DNA to minimize the risk of infection. DNA was successfully extracted from their saliva. Samples of high-quality DNA was amplified with PCR and sequenced in Macrogen Inc. Korea. Results. The m.3243A&gt;G mutation in mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene was not observed. Conclusion. The result shows that the m.3243A&gt;G mutation in mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene is not frequent cause of type 2 and some other factors may be possible i.e. genetic, behavioral or environmental. It is recommended that the sample size for diabetic individuals need to be increased for a future study and screened for the mitochondrial as well as other mutations of nuclear origin

Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in HBsAg positive individuals of Afghanistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The structural and functional differences between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes are the mainstay to severity, complications, treatment and possibly vaccination against the virus. This study was conducted to determine the HBV genotypes in HBsAg positive patients of Afghanistan as no such large scale data available previously.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two hundred and fourteen HBsAg-positive patients were included in this study. All patients were anti-HCV and anti-HIV negative. All the samples were confirmed for HBV DNA with nested PCR while HBV DNA positive samples were subjected to type specific PCR for HBV genotyping (A-F).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the total samples, 168 (78.5%) were males and 46 (21.49%) females, aged ranged between 18 to 71 years. This study demonstrated that genotype D (35.67%) is the predominant genotype circulating in Afghani's population. Genotype C was observed in 32.16% followed by genotype A (19.30%), and genotype B (7.02%) while 6.07% of the individuals were not typed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study has shown a heterogeneous distribution of HBV genotypes. Further more, extensive studies are required to investigate genetic and geographical divergence and characteristics of the virus in the country, as no such large sample sized study has been carried out so far in this country.</p

Anomalous correlation-induced dynamical phase transitions

The nonanalyticity of the Loschmidt echo is termed as the dynamical quantum phase transitions. It extends the notion of quantum criticality to a nonequilibrium scenario, corresponding to the singular behaviour of the Loschmidt echo at critical times in quantum quenched systems. Here, we establish a new paradigm of dynamical phase transitions driven by a sudden change in the internal spatial correlations of the disorder potential in a low-dimensional disordered system. The Loschmidt echo characterizes the quantum quench dynamics and shows a distinctly different behaviour for different correlation exponents in the time scale. Our results indicate the existence of anomalous dynamical phase transitions triggered by the spatial correlations of the random potential. The physical origin of the anomalous transitions is the overlap between two distinctly different extended states. Furthermore, the quench dynamics show a clear signature of the delocalization phase transition in the correlated Anderson model.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Prevalence of HBV and HBV vaccination coverage in health care workers of tertiary hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) may progress to serious consequences and increase dramatically beyond endemic dimensions that transmits to or from health care workers (HCWs) during routine investigation in their work places. Basic aim of this study was to canvass the safety of HCWs and determine the prevalence of HBV and its possible association with occupational and non-occupational risk factors. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage level and main barriers to vaccination were also taken in account.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 824 health care workers were randomly selected from three major hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Blood samples were analyzed in Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, and relevant information was obtained by means of preset questionnaire. HCWs in the studied hospitals showed 2.18% prevalence of positive HBV. Nurses and technicians were more prone to occupational exposure and to HBV infection. There was significant difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated HCWs as well as between the doctors and all other categories. Barriers to complete vaccination, in spite of good knowledge of subjects in this regard were work pressure (39.8%), negligence (38.8%) un-affordability (20.9%), and unavailability (0.5%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Special preventive measures (universal precaution and vaccination), which are fundamental way to protect HCW against HBV infection should be adopted.</p