47,508 research outputs found
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The Dynamics of International R & D spillovers
Coe and Helpman (1995) among others report positive and equivalent R&D spillovers
across groups of countries. However, the nature of their econometric tests does not
address the heterogeneity of knowledge diffusion across countries. We empirically
examine these issues in a sample of 10 OECD countries by extending both the time
span and the coverage of R&D activities in the data set. We find that the elasticity of
total factor productivity with respect to domestic and foreign R&D stocks is
extremely heterogeneous across countries and that data cannot be pooled. Thus, panel
estimates conceal important cross-country differences. The US appears to be a net
loser in terms of international R&D spillovers. Our interpretation is that when
competitors ‘catch-up’ technologically, they challenge US market shares and
investments worldwide. This has implications for US productivity
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Are international R&D spillovers costly for the US?
Coe and Helpman (1995) and others report positive and equivalent R&D
spillovers across G7 countries. We argue that their homogeneity constraint on
spillovers across G7 countries is inappropriate, and show that it is rejected by the data.
Extending the data set and applying new empirical approaches, we find: (i) R&D
spillovers are extremely heterogeneous across G7 countries; (ii) panel estimates do
not correspond to country specific estimates and conceal important cross-country
differences in knowledge diffusion; and (iii) the US is a net loser in terms of
international R&D spillovers. Our interpretation is that when competitors ‘catch-up’
technologically, they challenge US market shares and investments worldwide and this
has implications for US productivity
Demographic Determinants of Attrition of Technical Human Resources- a Study of Theinformation Technology Industry in India
The Information Technology Industry is the fastest growing Industry in India as well as the most contributing Industry to the Indian Economy. Needless to mention that the growth and contribution of the Industry can be sustained only if the workforce, especially the technical human resources of the industry remain stable. Unfortunately, with the sudden growth of the industry in India as well as the global competition unleashed, the environment posed great challenges to the industry by way of growing attrition. The industry faced attrition of its technical human resources to the extent of 30-40% half a decade ago and it continues to be near 15-20% in 2014. It kindled interest in academics to investigate the phenomenon and in this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the empirical data relating to the demographic determinants of attrition of technical human resources of the information technology industry in India. The paper investigates if the demographic factors like gender, age, educational qualifiations inflence their intentions to quit the fims or continue to stay. The fidings are signifiant with a view to evolving appropriate attrition management policies of the fims in the industry in India
A national register for surveillance of inherited disorders: beta thalassaemia in the United Kingdom
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of a national register for surveillance of services for an inherited disorder. METHODS: Data from the United Kingdom Thalassaemia Register and the United Kingdom Register of Prenatal Diagnosis for Haemoglobin Disorders were combined in a database; these registers include all fetuses known to have been diagnosed with beta thalassaemia major, beta thalassaemia intermedia, or haemoglobin E/beta thalassaemia in the United Kingdom. Data were extracted to show outcomes (selective abortion or live birth) of all fetuses and the status of those born with a disorder (alive, dead, successful bone marrow transplant, or lost to follow-up) by parents' region of residence and ethnicity. FINDINGS: At the end of 1999 the register included 1074 patients, 807 of whom were alive and residing in the United Kingdom. A successful bone marrow transplant has been performed for 117 out of 581 (20%) patients born since 1975. Residents of Pakistani origin are now the main group at risk in the United Kingdom, replacing residents of Cypriot origin. This has led to a marked shift in the need for services from the south-east of England to the Midlands and the north of England. Despite the acceptability of prenatal diagnosis, the proportion of affected births remains 50% higher than would be expected, reflecting a widespread failure to deliver timely screening and counselling to carriers. Even though effective treatment is available the annual number of deaths is rising, indicating that better tolerated treatments are needed. CONCLUSION: A national diagnosis register is a powerful instrument for monitoring the treatment and prevention of inherited disorders and for highlighting correctable shortcomings. In view of the increasing possibilities for genetic screening there is a strong case for central funding for such databases within modern health services
Role of non-timber forest products in sustaining forest-based livelihoods and rural households' resilience capacity in and around protected area- a Bangladesh study
People in developing world derive a significant part of their livelihoods
from various forest products, particularly non-timber forest products. This
article attempts to explore the contribution of NTFPs in sustaining
forest-based rural livelihood in and around a protected area of Bangladesh, and
their potential role in enhancing households resilience capacity. Based on
empirical investigation our study revealed that, local communities gather a
substantial amount of NTFPs from national park despite the official
restrictions. 27 percent households of the area received at least some cash
benefit from the collection, processing and selling of NTFPs, and NTFPs
contribute as HHs primary, supplementary and emergency sources of income. NTFPs
also constituted an estimated 19 percent of HHs net annual income, and were the
primary occupation for about 18 percent of the HHs. HHs dependency on nearby
forests for various NTFPs varied vis-a-vis their socio-economic condition as
well as with their location from the park. Based on our case study the article
also offers some clues for improving the situation in PA.Comment: To appear in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 201
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Observation of B+ ---> a(1)+(1260) K0 and B0 ---> a(1)-(1260) K+
We present branching fraction measurements of the decays B^{+} -> a1(1260)^{+} K^{0} and B^{0} to a1(1260)^{-} K^{+} with a1(1260)^{+} -> pi^{-} pi^{+} pi^{+}. The data sample corresponds to 383 million B B-bar pairs produced in e^{+}e^{-} annihilation through the Y(4S) resonance. We measure the products of the branching fractions:
B(B^{+}-> a1(1260)^{+} K^{0})B(a1(1260)^{+} -> pi^{-} pi^{+} pi^{+}) = (17.4 +/- 2.5 +/- 2.2) 10^{-6}
B(B^{0}-> a1(1260)^{-} K^{+})B(a1(1260)^{-} -> pi^{+} pi^{-} pi^{-}) = (8.2 +/- 1.5 +/- 1.2) 10^{-6}.
We also measure the charge asymmetries A_{ch}(B^{+} -> a1(1260)^{+} K^{0})= 0.12 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.02 and A_{ch}(B^{0} -> a1(1260)^{-} K^{+})= -0.16 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.01. The first uncertainty quoted is statistical and the second is systematic
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Search for CP violation in the decays D0 ---> K- K+ and D0 ---> pi- pi+
We measure CP-violating asymmetries of neutral charmed mesons in the modes D0 --> K- K+ and D0 --> pi- pi+ with the highest precision to date by using D0 --> K- pi+ decays to correct detector asymmetries. An analysis of 385.8 fb-1 of data collected with the BaBar detector yields values of aCP(KK) = (0.00 +/- 0.34 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.))% and aCP(pipi) = (-0.24 +/- 0.52 (stat.) +/- 0.22 (syst.))%, which agree with Standard Model prediction
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Observation of the semileptonic decays B ---> D* tau- anti-nu(tau) and evidence for B ---> D tau- anti-nu(tau
We present measurements of the semileptonic decays B- --> D0 tau- nubar, B- --> D*0 tau- nubar, B0bar --> D+ tau- nubar, and B0bar --> D*+ tau- nubar, which are potentially sensitive to non--Standard Model amplitudes. The data sample comprises 232x10^6 Upsilon(4S) --> BBbar decays collected with the BaBar detector. From a combined fit to B- and B0bar channels, we obtain the branching fractions B(B --> D tau- nubar) = (0.86 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.06)% and B(B --> D* tau- nubar) = (1.62 +/- 0.31 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.05)% (normalized for the B0bar), where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and normalization-mode-related
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