Causality, Input Price Variability, and Structural Changes in the U.S. Livestock- Meat Industry

Industrial Organization, Livestock Production/Industries,

Fabrication, physicochemical characterization and preliminary efficacy evaluation of a W/O/W multiple emulsion loaded with 5% green tea extract

Emulsões múltiplas complexas possuem excelente habilidade de agregar grandes quantidades de agentes cosméticos funcionais. Este estudo teve por objetivo encapsular grandes volumes de chá verde em uma emulsão múltipla clássica e comparar sua estabilidade com a emulsão múltipla sem o extrato do chá verde. Emulsões múltiplas são desenvolvidas usando cetil dimeticona copoliol como emulsificante lipofílico e o clássico polissorbato-80 como emulsificante hidrofílico. As emulsões múltiplas foram avaliadas por meio de vários aspectos fisico-químicos como condutividade, pH, análise microscópica e reologia. Estas características foram observadas por um período de 30 dias sob diferentes condições de armazenamento. Testes de proteção da pele in vivo e in vitro foram realizados para ambos os tipos de emulsões testadas, i.e. com o ativo em estudo (MeA) e sem ativo (MeB). Ambas as formulações apresentaram características comparáveis no que diz respeito aos diferentes fatores físico-químicos avaliados sob diferentes condições de armazenamento. A análise reológica mostrou que as formulações apresentaram comportamento pseudo-plástico sob contínuo estresse de cisalhamento. Os resultados dos testes in vivo e in vitro sobre a proteção da pele revelaram que a formulação ativa promoveu efeitos comparáveis à formulação controle. Nossos dados mostraram que emulsões múltiplas estáveis poderiam ser escolhas promissoras para a aplicação tópica do chá verde. Entretanto, a fórmula das emulsões múltiplas apresentadas neste estudo precisam ser melhoradas no que diz respeito ao pH, condutividade e viscosidade aparente.Complex multiple emulsions have an excellent ability to fill large volumes of functional cosmetic agents. This study was aimed to encapsulate large volume of green tea in classical multiple emulsion and to compare its stability with a multiple emulsion without green tea extract. Multiple emulsions were developed using Cetyl dimethicone copolyol as lipophilic emulsifier and classic polysorbate-80 as hydrophilic emulsifier. Multiple emulsions were evaluated for various physicochemical aspects like conductivity, pH, microscopic analysis, rheology and these characteristics were followed for a period of 30 days in different storage conditions. In vitro and in vivo skin protection tests were also performed for both kinds of multiple emulsions i.e. with active (MeA) and without active (MeB). Both formulations showed comparable characteristics regarding various physicochemical characteristics in different storage conditions. Rheological analysis showed that formulations showed pseudo plastic behavior upon continuous shear stress. Results of in vitro and in vivo skin protection data have revealed that the active formulation has comparable skin protection effects to that of control formulation. It was presumed that stable multiple emulsions could be a promising choice for topical application of green tea but multiple emulsions presented in this study need improvement in the formula, concluded on the basis of pH, conductivity and apparent viscosity data

JMASM 51: Bayesian Reliability Analysis of Binomial Model – Application to Success/Failure Data

Reliability data are generated in the form of success/failure. An attempt was made to model such type of data using binomial distribution in the Bayesian paradigm. For fitting the Bayesian model both analytic and simulation techniques are used. Laplace approximation was implemented for approximating posterior densities of the model parameters. Parallel simulation tools were implemented with an extensive use of R and JAGS. R and JAGS code are developed and provided. Real data sets are used for the purpose of illustration

Geriatric Challenges - Tackling With Innovative Measures

is a natural process. India has 77 million elderly people and is expected to have 177 million by 2025. By the year 2050, one fifth of total population will be graying. Ninety percent of the elderly are from unorganized sector with no social security. Over 73 percent of 60 plus are illiterate and dependent on physical labour. Forty percent people live below the povertyline. Recent studies have shown that 89.62 percent of elderly population has multiple morbidities. The leading symptoms or group of symptoms in both males and females pertain to visual impairment / diminished vision (65% & 56.2% respectively). Other problems include heart diseases, respiratory diseases, joints pains, hearing problems etc.Many innovative experimental studies have been done to reverse the biochemical and pathological changes that occur during ageing by using chemicals and drugs. In various studies it has been established that the use of Ca2 (+) antagonists leads to reversal of atherosclerotic process, similarly 2 - mercapto propionly glycine (MPG) and oxidized MPG improve heart functioning. Centrophenoxine considered as an ageing reversal drug is regarded as neuroenergeticum in human therapy. Ginkgo biloba extract can improve the cerebral function. Topically applied all-trans retionic acid can repair and probably prevent photo ageing

Comments on Percrocuta carnifex (Carnivora, Percrocutidae) based on new fossil material from the Nagri Formation (Middle Siwaliks) of Hasnot, Pakistan

New dentary material of Percrocuta carnifex (Pilgrim, 1913) from the Nagri Formation ofHasnot, Pakistan, is described. Specimens of this species from the Siwalik continental deposits described by previous authors are discussed in detail. In addition to the taxonomic description of the new material, the occurrence and stratigraphic position of this species within the Siwalik Hills are re-evaluated. Except for the holotype, the specimens assigned to this species are very fragmentary. The newly discovered material, a right mandibular ramus containing teeth, is the best preserved specimen found to date. The comparative analysis, based on tooth morphology and dimensions of previously reported specimens and of the specimen studied here, suggests that this species is restricted to the Chinji and Nagri formations. Finally, the dental morphological features of the studied specimen and those of other species of Percrocuta are compared, and then the phylogenetic relationship between these species is discussed. The described specimen is thus important for the taxonomic, stratigraphic and phylogenetic knowledge of P. carnifex from the Siwaliks

Uterine Fibroids in Pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: To determine the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with uterine fibroids in pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted in the Gynaecology Department of Mardan Medical Complex from January 2018 to December 2019. All pregnant women of any age or parity or gestational age with sonographic evidence of uterine fibroids were included. Demographic details, gestational age, symptoms related to fibrosis, size, number and location of the fibroid, mode of delivery, antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal complication, and neonatal outcome were entered in a predesigned proforma.   RESULTS:   The incidence of uterine fibroids in pregnancy was 0.8%.77 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 26.5 + 3.22 years. The mode of delivery was a caesarean section in 32.4%, and vaginal delivery in 53% of patients.14% of patients miscarried. Fibroids were multiple in 58.4% and single in 41.5% of patients. Submucosal fibroids were seen in 23%, intramural in 18% and subserosal in 58% of cases. The most common maternal complication was abdominal pain (25%), followed by postpartum haemorrhage(23%) and antepartum haemorrhage(19%). Neonatal outcome was good, with 57% of babies being healthy and 9% being admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and discharged later. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with fibroids should be cautiously screened during antenatal to avoid obstetric complications

Industrial Digitization, the Use of Real-Time Information, and Operational Agility: Digital and Information Perspectives for Supply Chain Resilience

Change is the permanent reality of the digital business world. Firms manage it by their ability and capability to cope with short-term and long-term deviations and disruptions. This paper presents an examination of the supply chain resilience (SCR) of firms operating in the Malaysian Service Sector. The data for this study were collected from 157 managers of 59 firms operating in seven sub-service sectors. Following Organizational Information Processing Theory (OIPT) and reviewing the relevant literature for the conceptualization, we tested a framework that suggests that the use of real-time information (URTI) enhances the SCR. We also found that the industrial digital environment has an important link with the URTI. The results indicate that the URTI is significantly associated with SCR and operational agility, which partially mediates the relationship between the URTI and SCR. We further discuss the theoretical contributions and implications with practical, and policy implications arising from this research

Effects of Emblica Officinalis Extract Cream on Human Skin Trans-epidermal Water Loss Measured with Non Invasive Probe

The purpose of this study was to assess hydroalcoholic Emblica officinalis fruit extract cream on human skin trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Ten male volunteers were examined in this study. Measurements were made on cheeks. Creams with different concentrations of ABIL® EM 90 and liquid paraffin containing 3% hydroalcoholic Emblica officinalis fruit extract were developed and tested for stability studies for a period of 28 days. Selected cream and its base were further assessed in different conditions at 8 °C (in refrigerator), 25 °C (in incubator), 40 °C (in incubator) and 40 °C (in incubator) with 75% relative humidity (RH) for color, odor, thickness, grittiness liquefaction, phase separation, and pH at different time intervals. Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was monitored every week by non-invasive bio-instrument Tewameter MPA 5. All measurements were made statistically by ANOVA and t-paired test. Significant decrease on skin TEWL was produced. Keywords: Hydroalcoholic Emblica officinalis fruit extract, Facial cream, Biophysical paramete

TERMINALIA CHEBULA: AN EPHEMERAL GLANCE

Herbal drugs represent a major allocation of all the recognized systems of health in the world. Also, the medicinal plants have been regarded as valuable and cheap sources of various phytoconstituents which are used extensively in the development of drugs against various diseases. Terminalia chebula, commonly called as black myrobalan, ink tree, or chebulic myrobalan, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Combretaceae, has been regarded as one of the most important medicinal plants used in medicines of ayurveda, siddha, unani and homeopathy. Numbers of phytochemical constituents have been found to be associated with the drug such as tannins, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin and flavonoids. Moreover, Terminalia chebula has been well reported to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancerous, antiulcer, antimutagenic and wound healing activities. In addition, Terminalia chebula has been used extensively in the preparation of many Ayurvedic formulations for infectious diseases like chronic ulcer, leucorrhoea, pyorrhoea and fungal infections of the skin. The present review article has been designed to elucidate data on phytochemistry, pharmacognostic characters and pharmacological activities associated with Terminali