Impact of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of Students

The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between parental involvement and academic performance of students at higher secondary classes. Two research questions and two hypotheses were developed. For this study sequential explanatory mixed method design was used. Population was students of higher secondary classes studying in Karachi. Quota sampling was used because population was comprised three group of students including arts, commerce and science. Two hundred students of higher secondary classes studying arts, commerce and science and two senior faculty members were chosen as sample of the study from a women college working in Karachi. In depth interview was conducted with the ample faculty members to collect data. A questionnaire was developed for data collection from sample students. Questionnaire was comprising two sections. Section one was meant to collect demographic information. Section two was based on four point rating scale comprising twenty statements for the chosen variables. Data collected for the study analyzed by using descriptive statistics, and Anova. On the basis of the results of the study it was concluded that two factors of parental involvement i.e.  Moral and financial do affect academic performance of students of higher secondary classes. It is recommended that the parents should spend time with their children and do discuss their academics at home. Parents should have frequent interaction with teachers and management of institutions in order to know that how they can add more towards academic betterment of their children. Government should take measures to encourage capable children of less affluent class specially to have quality addition to manpower of the country. Keywords: Parental Involvement, Academic Performance. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-12-13 Publication date: April 30th 201

Provision of Classroom Environment for Students with Hearing Impairment: Case Study of a Special School in Karachi City

This quantitative case study was conducted at a special school in Karachi city to find out the provision of classroom environment for students with hearing impairment. The data collected through a checklist was analyzed through descriptive statistics and One-Sample Test. The study concluded that the teachers consider the special needs of their students while organizing classroom environment for their students with hearing impairment. Most of them were using multi-sensory resources and learning equipment but there was a lack of provision of instructional area in classroom for different activities that is why majority of the teachers always teach whole class at a time and never provide group activities either in form of small groups or in pair of students. Although mostly the classes have rows of desk for students with hearing impairment but sometimes the teachers could manage to allow students to work alone. Keywords: Classroom environment, students with hearing impairment, special school. DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/9-5-04 Publication date:May 31st 201

Waste Management System in Karachi as an Environmental and Health Hazard

Present research is an attempt to describe the problem of waste management of Karachi and its possible impact as a health hazardous issue in the city. The study mainly focuses on the issues of solid waste management in the sampled areas of Defence Housing Authority (DHA) Karachi and Cantonment Board Clifton (CBC). A poll result shows that the sewerage management is comparatively better than the other areas. However, additional and adequate waste management measures to overcome some problems faced in solid as well as effluent disposal.   Conditions in the waste management system can be improved if all the concerned departments worked on a policy of mutual co-operation and co-ordination. This will not only ensure healthier and efficient system but also provide incentive for improvement to areas other than the sampled area. Keywords: Solid Waste Management, Clifton Cantonment Board, Environmental Decency, General Welfare. DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/9-4-07 Publication date: April 30th 201

Comprehensive Survey: Biometric User Authentication Application, Evaluation, and Discussion

This paper conducts an extensive review of biometric user authentication literature, addressing three primary research questions: (1) commonly used biometric traits and their suitability for specific applications, (2) performance factors such as security, convenience, and robustness, and potential countermeasures against cyberattacks, and (3) factors affecting biometric system accuracy and po-tential improvements. Our analysis delves into physiological and behavioral traits, exploring their pros and cons. We discuss factors influencing biometric system effectiveness and highlight areas for enhancement. Our study differs from previous surveys by extensively examining biometric traits, exploring various application domains, and analyzing measures to mitigate cyberattacks. This paper aims to inform researchers and practitioners about the biometric authentication landscape and guide future advancements

Role of Education in Economic Development of Pakistan

Education is considered to play a key role in the economic development of any country because, it is the mechanism through which knowledge, skills and experience regarding different fields can be acquired and ultimately creating the comparative advantage for the country. Hence, the researcher of the study decided to investigate the role of education through the research scholarship in terms of human capital, labor productivity, family, national trade and social equality in order to find out their contribution in the economic development of Pakistan. Hence, the researcher while delving into the matter amazingly found that human capital through the accumulation of new knowledge, ideas and technological know-how, labor productivity enhancement through the effective and efficient human resource, trade openness policy through tariff reforms in order to increase export, the key role of family, as the individuals make decisions at that level, creating social equality through re-distributive policies, all can play their contributory role in the economic development of Pakistan. Keywords: Economic Development, Pakistan, Education DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-10-18 Publication date:May 31st 201

Work Stress of Teachers from Government Girls’ Secondary Schools Karachi

Teacher is a well-known profession all over the world. But now a days crisis of quality education can be prominently seen. Among elements effecting teachers’ productivity “Stress” is one of the core elements raising poor productivity by the teachers. Stress is expanding due to various issues. Although, stress is not always playing a negative role in person’s productivity, as at some levels stress tends to accelerate focus of a person, which makes the productivity better. But unfortunately, in secondary school teachers are confronting some common stress generating elements all over Karachi. Those elements are not impacting their professional life positively. The purpose of this study is to determine the common stress generating elements and their impacts on teachers’ productivity. Going through both qualitative by teachers interview and on the bases of interviews developed lickert scale closed ended questionnaire, distributed to 50 male and female teachers, among which 45 teachers responded. Data was analyzed by SPSS. According to the results there is a need of betterment of some policies on management grounds in order to overcome the stress generating elements. Keywords: Secondary school teachers, stress level, stressors. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/9-6-01 Publication date:March 31st 201

Problem Faced by Under Training Teachers and Their Solutions in Govt. Universities of Karachi

The current problems faced by under training teachers in government universities of Karachi has been investigated in this study. The study lies under the category of quantitative method as the quantitative data has been presented in a form of figures leading to some facts which has assisted the research to get precise results. The pattern of the article follows four major divisions. These divisions can be classified in a way that first division comprises of first two parts, i.e. introduction and significance of the study. Second division also comprises of two parts, i.e. the Hypothesizes and objectives of the study. Third division is the definition of some terms with respect to the study. Fourth division comprises of the methodology that has been applied through out the research. Then the fifth and final division is about the discussion and the last part comprises of conclusion from this study. Questionnaire has been used as the data collecting instrument. Considered population was the student teachers enrolled in different courses in government universities of Karachi. For statistical analysis of the data SPSS has been used to get more accurate findings. With respect to the findings, the conclusion has been made that teachers’ education department in government universities of Karachi are in a strong need of rapid changes, which can help to enhance the quality of training quality by overcoming the current issues. Keywords: Training Teachers, Pakistan, Govt. Universities DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/9-5-07 Publication date:May 31st 201

Role of Liposuction Combined with Subcutaneous Mastectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Gynecomastia

Background: Gynecomastia is one of the common benign male breast diseases, surgical treatment of which remains a controversial issue. Here, we describe successful combined use of liposuction and subcutaneous mastectomy in the treatment of gynecomastia. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the liposuction combined with subcutaneous mastectomy in the treatment of gynecomastia. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 28 patients were included. All the patients had undergone detailed clinical evaluation and appropriate investigations. Information regarding age of onset, etiology, laterality, nipple discharge was collected from patient’s medical records. Twenty of 28 patients had unilateral gynecomastia whereas 8 patients had bilateral gynecomastia. Based on the clinical evaluation and investigations, secondary causes of gynecomastia were ruled out. Subcutaneous mastectomy using infraareolar skin incision combined with liposuction was performed on 26 patients. Two patients underwent only liposuction. Results: Twenty‑four patients (86%) were satisfied with the results of the operative intervention. In 24/28 patients (86%), the indication of surgery was cosmetic reasons and in 4/28 patients (14%), the indication was failure to treatment with danazol. Average age of the patients was 24 (6) years and most of the patients were between 20 and 30 years of their age. The postoperative complications include infection in two patients and contour deformity in two other patients. Conclusions: Liposuction combined with subcutaneous mastectomy is a reliable, versatile, less time consuming and valid procedure for the treatment of gynecomastia. This procedure provides satisfactory aesthetic results.Keywords: Gynecomastia, liposuction, subcutaneous mastectom