Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Outdoor Lighting - A Bet for the Future

Electricity from PKL tree has been developed using PKL extract previously. In this work, electricity production has been developed using living PKL tree. It has been studied that an electrochemical cell has been developed using living PKL tree. The experimental data have been demonstrated in that way, hence this method is feasible and effective. Electricity has been conducted from PKL (Pathor Kuchi leaf) using PKL extract with positive and negative electrodes. Several research papers have been published on it in the recognized journal at home and abroad. This research work has expressed the electricity generation from living PKL tree. It can be found that due to the difference of the pH between the soil and the living PKL tree, electricity can be produced. The performance of this electricity has been studied. This work has been developed by authors, which produced electricity from living PKL tree without damaging the PKL plants. The unused suitable land areas such as hilly areas, forest areas, and coastal areas, those could supply clean power for remote communities all over the world

Green production and analysis of silver nanoparticles utilizing Pathor Kuchi Leaf

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were manufactured utilizing Pathor Kuchi Leaf (PKL) extract in an environmentally, cost-effective green way. X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have been used to look into Ag NPs generation. The crystalline structure was shown by the XRD pattern investigation, and its typical size is 19 nm. Its biological molecules composites are in charge of the diminishment and also the capping of Ag NPs, according to FTIR spectra. The UV–Vis spectra of silver NPs expressed a noticeably large absorption peak centered at ∼400 nm, which denoted the production of Ag0 from Ag+. After the distribution of sizes analysis, it must have been discovered that the mean dimension of the particles of the spherical silver nanoparticles in the SEM pictures was 5.33 µm. Ag NPs have been shown to potentially improve the power generation, short circuit current, and open circuit voltage of PKL bio-electrochemical cells. This work exhibits a straightforward, economical, and ecologically friendly way of manufacturing. The uniqueness of this work is that it is the first-ever comparative analysis of Ag NPs’ production utilizing PKL extract. The majority of the conclusions have been grouped and visually explained

Perceived Factors Analysis for Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Bangladeshi University Students Using Association Algorithm

Depression stands as a prominent and prevalent mental health issue, representing a significant global public health concern. Its emergence can be attributed to diverse factors. Suicide stands as a prominent global cause of death, eliciting concern on a widespread scale. This study was to analyze the perceived factors for depression and suicidal ideation among Bangladeshi university students in Bangladesh. There are so many factors such as Loneliness, Hopelessness, Helplessness, Relationship Issues, Grade problems, Academic Pressure, Parental problems, Money problems, Social Comparison, Social Media Influence, Family Expectations, Lack of Sleep, Uncertain Future, Health Issues, Bullying, Substance Abuse and Unemployment etc. These factors vary among male and female students. Apriori association algorithm were used to calculate support, confidence and lift of factors sets. Frequent factors sets and relationship were found from the work using Apriori association algorithm. The work is an online survey-based study about psychological and stress status of participants and statistical analysis is used for concluding the results. The research participants are Bangladeshi university students, Data collection carried out by online questionnaire. The findings from data analysis indicated that academic pressure (72.41%), uncertain future (56.32%), hopelessness (48.28%), family expectation (47.13%), financial crisis (42.53%), loneliness (41.38%) and unemployment (37.93%) are the key factors. The prevention of suicides is achievable. Hence, identifying depression and forecasting the potential for suicide risk serves as a means to prevent instances of self-harm within the university student population

Targeting of Virulence Factors and Plasmid Profiling of Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Sylhet City of Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to characterize Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients in Sylhet city of Bangladesh. At the same time, all isolates were screened for some common virulence genes and four significant isolates were searched for plasmid number and sizes by mini alkaline-lysis method. Among five tested isolates from female UTI patients, gyrase subunit B2 (gyrb2) amplified in all isolates, lipase and nuclease detected in three isolates and serine protease amplifies in two isolates and gave the expected band of 1130 bp, 517 bp, 1055 bp and 211 bp respectively. Two of four isolates showed 9.82 kb plasmid band on agarose gel. Isolates bearing 9.82 kb plasmid were found to be resistant to multiple commercial antibiotics. At the same time all isolates were screened for in-vitro plate assay for proteolytic, lypolytic and hemolytic activity. Isolates with positive plasmid and more than one virulent gene with gyrB2 showed positive result in in-vitro culture plate with clear zone of proteolysis, hemolysis or lipolysis. This study will be helpful for further study in finding correlation or pattern of virulence properties for K. pneumoniae associated UTI in Bangladesh

Predicting and Designing Epitope Ensemble Vaccines against HTLV-1

The infection mechanism and pathogenicity of Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) are ambiguously known for hundreds of years. Our knowledge about this virus is recently emerging. The purpose of the study is to design a vaccine targeting the envelope glycoprotein, GP62, an outer membrane protein of HTLV-1 that has an increased number of epitope binding sites. Data collection, clustering and multiple sequence alignment of HTLV-1 glycoprotein B, variability analysis of envelope Glycoprotein GP62 of HTLV-1, population protection coverage, HLA-epitope binding prediction, and B-cell epitope prediction were performed to predict an effective vaccine. Among all the predicted peptides, ALQTGITLV and VPSSSTPL epitopes interact with three MHC alleles. The summative population protection coverage worldwide by these epitopes as vaccine candidates was found nearly 70%. The docking analysis revealed that ALQTGITLV and VPSSSTPL epitopes interact strongly with the epitope-binding groove of HLA-A*02:03, and HLA-B*35:01, respectively, as this HLA molecule was found common with which every predicted epitope interacts. Molecular dynamics simulations of the docked complexes show they form stable complexes. So, these potential epitopes might pave the way for vaccine development against HTLV-1

Energy challenges for a clean environment: Bangladesh’s experience

A significant progress has been made to increase electricity generation capacity in the country over the last decade. The electricity supply for growing demand is the foremost challenge of the government, as the country move towards the vision of middle-income status by 2021 and high-income by 2041. The energy security is the concern due the running out of gas supply soon. Despite significant progress on energy in recent years, the goal of access to electricity for all would not be attainable without implementation of a consistent national energy policy. Well-coordinated national energy policy is required to achieve sustainable development goals of the country. Priorities for action and regulatory framework of energy need to identify to overcome energy crisis. Long-term energy planning and private financing policy are also crucial to extend the pace of progress in the energy sector. This review provides insights into the energy policies at different sectors, notably coal fired electricity in Bangladesh. The results revealed that the effective and efficient CO2 emission could be reduced from power generating sector by introducing advanced fuel technologies and management system. Besides, higher thermal and mechanical efficiency can be obtained by initiating the combined power cycle systems in energy sector. The achievement in energy sector as well as challenges facing in ensuring sustainable energy is highlighted. The key challenges in the existing legal framework and substantial progress improving energy efficiency are also discussed in this review

Electrochemistry of green Ag nanoparticles modified electrode surface

Electrochemical techniques are gaining increasing popularity for the characterization of nanomaterials (NMs) on modified electrode surfaces due to their versatility, rapidity, user-friendliness, and low cost. But there is a lack of complete guide for the electrochemical characterization of green nanoparticles (NPs) modified electrode surface. In this context, as a model NM, silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) of a particular shape were prepared following a green synthetic route and applied for the modification of a home-made graphite-rod electrode (GRE) surface to study the modified electrode-solution interface by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Some characteristic electrochemical parameters were calculated, analyzed, and discussed. All the electrochemical data supports the electrocatalytic behavior of green Ag NPs modified electrode

Field evaluation of a locally produced rapid diagnostic test for early detection of cholera in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND:Cholera remains a substantial health burden in Asia and Africa particularly in resource poor settings. The standard procedures to identify the etiological organism V. cholerae are isolation from microbiological culture from stool as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Both the processes are highly lab oriented, labor extensive, time consuming, and expensive. In an effort to control for outbreaks and epidemics; an effective, convenient, quick and relatively less expensive detection method is imperative, without compromising the sensitivity and specificity that exists at present. The objective of this component of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a locally produced rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for cholera diagnosis. METHODS:In Bangladesh, nationwide cholera surveillance is ongoing in 22 hospitals covering all 8 divisions of the country since June, 2016. In the surveillance, stool samples have been collected from patients presenting to hospitals with acute watery diarrhea. Crystal VCTM (Span diagnostics, India) and Cholkit (locally produced RDT) have been used to detect V. cholerae from stool samples. Samples have also been sent to the main laboratory at icddr,b where the culture based isolation is routinely performed. All the tests were carried out for both direct and enriched stool samples. RDT sensitivity and specificity were calculated using stool culture as the gold standard. RESULTS:A total of 7720 samples were tested. Among these, 5865 samples were solely tested with Crystal VC and 1355 samples with Cholkit whereas 381 samples were tested with both the RDTs. In comparison with culture, direct testing with Crystal VC showed a sensitivity of 72% (95% CI: 50.6% to 87.9%) and specificity of 86.8% (95% CI: 82.8% to 90.1%). After enrichment the sensitivity and specificity was 68% (95% CI: 46.5% to 85.1%) and 97.5% (95% CI: 95.3% to 98.8%) respectively. The direct Cholkit test showed sensitivity of 76% (95% CI: 54.9% to 90.6%) and specificity of 90.2% (95% CI: 86.6% to 93.1%). CONCLUSION:This evaluation has demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of Cholkit is similar to the commercially available test, Crystal VC when used in field settings for detecting V. cholerae from stool specimens. The findings from this study suggest that the Cholkit could be a possible alternative for cholera endemic regions where V. cholerae O1 is the major causative organism causing cholera