Methanogenic Diversity and Taxonomy in the Gastro Intestinal Tract of Ruminants

To elucidate the microbial dynamics inside rumen of animals of livestock importance and to provide a better ration to them in order to control various metabolic disorders, a better understanding of the rumen microbial ecology is pivotal. The fundamental knowledge of methanogenic population inside gut environment and ruminal fermentation is of considerable importance as it has a significant impact on the various metabolic activities of the animal. The major methanogens isolated and characterized from ruminants like cattle, sheep, steers, goats, reindeers are from the order Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, Methanococcales, Methanosarcinales and Methanomassiliicoccales. The chapter deals with present knowledge available regarding the methanogenic diversity present in the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants all over the world primarily through constructing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and tries to uncover the new genera in ruminant’s microbiome and their adaptations in extreme environment. To get a better idea regarding the composition of methanogen community, further studies are required in relation to the effect of diet and animal species to the rumen methanogens

What is the Effect of Learning from Home Policy on the Perspectives of Islamic Boarding School Graduates (Pesantren) on Digital Learning in Higher Education ?

This article aims to describe the impact of government policies on learning from home and the effects on student perspectives on learning Online learning. The method used is descriptive qualitative with observation instruments, online surveys, discussion group forums with the research subjects of students majoring in Arabic language education graduates of Islamic boarding schools in 2019 at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. Research results are utilized on campus e-learning, which is integrated with SIAKAD and other applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom as well as Google Meet for teleconference facilities during student presentations and discussions. Islamic boarding school graduate students can take online lectures well. The student's perspective on online lectures after the learning from home policy is not suitable due to internet connection constraints and lectures using the assignment method only. Keywords: Learning from Home; online; digital learning; students perspective, higher education   Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak kebijakan pemerintah pada pembelajaran dari rumah dan pengaruhnya terhadap perspektif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran Online. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen observasi, survei online, forum diskusi kelompok dengan subjek penelitian mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Arab lulusan pesantren tahun 2019 di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kampus memanfaatkan e-learning kampus yang terintegrasi dengan SIAKAD dan aplikasi lain seperti WhatsApp dan Zoom serta fasilitas Google Meet untuk telekonferensi untuk presentasi dan diskusi. Mahasiswa alumni pondok pesantren bisa mengikuti perkuliahan online dengan baik. Perspektif mahasiswa terhadap perkuliahan online setelah kebijakan belajar dari rumah kurang baik. Hal ini karena kendala koneksi internet dan perkuliahan hanya menggunakan metode tugas.   Kata Kunci: Belajar dari rumah; online; pembelajaran digital; perspektif mahasiswa, pendidikan tingg

Augustana Seniors Fall 1885: Nicanor Benelius

Nicanor A. Benelius was a senior at Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois in the fall of 1885. His name appears in the college catalog of 1885-1886, along with his birthplace, the year of his birth, and a few other facts, From this start, we researched the genealogy and family history of Nicanor A. Benelius. This paper contains a short biography of Nicanor, a report on his ancestors, a report on his decedents, and some open questions for further research

al-Furȗq fî al-Mȗrfîmât bayn al-‘Arabiyyah wa al-Injilîziyyah “al-Mȗrfîm (Mâ) al-‘Arabiy wa al-Injilîziy (what) Anmȗdhajan

This paper investigates Arabic and English morphemes with to identifying the similarities and differences between them. The differences between the two languages might be the main reason for making errors by Arab learners. It might help both teachers and learners to overcome these problems. By identifying the morphological differences between the two languages, teachers will determine how and what to teach, on the one hand, and students will know how and what to focus on when learning the target language, on the other. The Paper will shed light on phonological terms such as: "phonem, allophones, intonation, and accentuation" and their equivalents in English in order to identify the appropriate or opposing signs that affect the specificity of the sounds. We have followed the descriptive and analysis research methods. The results of study on morphemes have an interrogative and exclamatory function, and we find that the morpheme “what” is distinguished from the morpheme “ما”, which has other uses such as negation, infinitive, extra and accentuation

The effectiveness of kangaroo mother care in lowering postpartum depression in mothers of preterm and low birth weight babies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) intervention involves skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant. Some studies have shown a decrease in postpartum depression (PPD) in mothers of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. However, the literature is scattered and of variable quality. Aims: To conduct a systematic review of available literature and provide a comprehensive picture of the effect of KMC on PPD among mothers of preterm and LBW infants. Methods: The study was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines. After PROSPERO registration, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, and Google Scholar from the inception of the databases till 14 June 2021. Of the 2944 studies assessed for titles and abstracts, nine studies with 2042 participants were included in the review. Included articles targeted mothers with LBW (<2500 g) or preterm infants (< 37 weeks), used an authentic PPD tool, and had standard care or an incubator as the control group. Studies not published in English and in which mothers had a previous psychiatric illness were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized control trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. All the results were converted to standard mean deviation and pooled together using a random-effects model with a 95% CI. A P-value of less than 0.05 is considered significant. Results: KMC Intervention was significantly associated with a lower depression score than control groups. The reduction in depression in the intervention (KMC) group was moderate: SMD= − 0.38 (− 0.68 to − 0.08; 95% CI; I2 = 86%; P = 0.013). No significant difference was found between the PPD scores of both groups using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the negative effects of LBW and preterm birth experience on maternal mental health can be avoided to a moderate degree by KMC. Due to a lack of methodological uniformity, different scales for outcome measurement, and discrepancies in intervention features, significantly high heterogeneity was detected. The authors need further larger-scale studies with a uniform study design to better predict the efficacy of KMC bette

Young man with severe metabolic acidosis after transformer oil ingestion: a case report

Background: Transformer oil is used in oil-filled transformers for its insulating as well as coolant properties. Transformer oil ingestion for attempted suicide is seldom heard of. Our patient’s case presented us with a major diagnostic as well as treatment challenge because we encountered such a case for the first time and were totally unaware of the fact that methanol might make up the main component of an aged transformer oil. Case presentation: A 19-year-old Pakistani/Asian man was brought to our hospital with altered sensorium. He was found to have elevated anion gap acidosis, increased osmolal gap, and acute kidney injury. He had no evidence of rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis. Computed tomography of his head showed cerebral edema. He was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and bicarbonate. Three days later, he confessed taking transformer oil with suicidal intention. His clinical picture mimicked acute methanol intoxication. With an initial improvement in his neurological status, he started complaining of constant headache with episodes of agitation and delirium. His renal function continued worsening despite an adequate urine output. He showed a remarkable improvement in his neurological state after just one session of hemodialysis. Conclusions: There is evidence that aged transformer oil contains methanol, and a patient who consumes it can present with features mimicking acute methanol intoxication

Productivity and Efficiency Analysis of Pakistani Textile Industry using Malmquist Productivity Index Approach

The key purpose of this study is to evaluate the total factor productivity of the textile sector by using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and also identifying the components which play a significant role in the growth of productivity. This paper examines productivity performance of the Pakistan’s textile manufacturing industry using firm-level panel data of a total of 64 firms for the period 2011-2015. Moreover, the sources of expansion and compression in output are recognized for the whole textile industry as well as for the three sub sectors comprising of 35 firms from spinning, 21 from composite and 8 from weaving textile sector. Empirical results suggest that total factor productivity growth of composite, spinning and weaving textile sectors are not presenting skewed distribution. Moreover, the component of technological change had a negative impact on spinning textile sector. Technical efficiency and technological change, both, had a positive impact on the productivity of composite and weaving textile sectors. Overall, the spinning textile sector has no contribution in the productivity growth. A critical&nbsp;evaluation of the production factors is necessary for the maintenance of the performance of the organization. This paper provides information to the decision makers and policy makers about the allocation, acquisition and anticipation of the resources. To eradicate the industry’s pitfalls, textile sector in combination of subsectors has been selected providing a comparative analysis of the efficiencies adding to the existing body of literature by detecting the primary zones for improving productivity performance in Pakistani textile manufacturing as the pure efficiency component. &nbsp

Anticipated and unanticipated complications of severe dengue in a primigravida

As the incidence of dengue is rising among adults more cases of dengue fever are being reported during pregnancy. Physiological changes of pregnancy mask the pathognomonic features of severe dengue such as increased hematocrit, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia and a high index of suspicion are required in endemic areas. Massive hemorrhage may complicate operative deliveries in unsuspected patients. World Health Organization recommends that all patients with severe dengue should be admitted to a hospital with access to intensive care facilities and blood transfusion. We present the successful management of hemorrhage and unanticipated complications of severe dengue in a young primigravida admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after an emergency cesarean section

Association Mapping Study of Various Desirable Traits of Rice

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the diversity of various morphological characters and their relationship with yield in rice.  The goal of this work was to find quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield, yield components, and other agronomic variables in 100 different rice germplasm samples, as well as to assess the genetic structure and degree of linkage disequilibrium in the rice germplasm diversity panel.  To establish Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) between markers and causative mutations, marker density is essential. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns of various SNP markers on all chromosomes. If markers are sufficiently dense to have good coverage of LD, the LD decay with distance can be compared to the marker density.Methods: Different traits were measured and recorded under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment. DNA extraction and PCR analysis was done to measure the genotypic characteristics of rice. Genotypic and phenotypic variability was measured by using ANOVA and GWAS.Results: For pair-wise markers, linkage disequilibrium is calculated as R square and plotted versus the distance between the markers. In this study, the overall phenotypic variability among the examined traits was represented by R2 and ranged from 11.47% to 25.44%. The genetic architecture of these traits may be implied by the recently identified genomic regions (loci). An influential replacement for bi-parental gene maps, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) use data from genome-wide markers in large amounts of easily obtained germplasm.Conclusion: The linkage disequilibrium, which is the non-random link between an allele at two or more loci, is used in this mapping method to infer the innate relationships between phenotypic variations and marker polymorphisms. Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of genotypes provides the information about for the selection of genotypes and determination of new marker trait association.Keywords: Oryza sativa L; Rice; DNA; Association mapping; Traits