EFFECT OF SPORTS PARTICIPATION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF QUETTA, PAKISTAN

The importance of school environment in to of students in secondary schools today in particular cannot be overemphasized. Participation in sport reduces the time off the classroom and shifts the student's attention from the study. They added that it was not probable for students to attain superiority and gratification in sports as well as in schooling. Researchers showed that extracurricular (sport and physical) activity participation was positively related to Grade Point Average, educational aspirations, educational /occupational attainment, and standardized achievement test scores. This study was done in different government and Private high schools comprised of both genders i.e., male and female from Quetta city were included as papulation in this research. Questionnaire responses were recorded to analyze sports impact on education. Most of respondents 49 (42.2%) strongly agreed on participation in sports activities has a link with academic's achievements. Current findings showed respondents were agreed on students participating in sports activities get good marks than those not participating in sports activities which is consistent with findings where they observed contribution in school sports, solely with other additional actions, is related with higher levels of psychosocial functioning and strong conduct than participation in other supplementary doings alone or nonparticipation. Participation in these activities improves mental development or cognition of students, grade point average and test scores. These activities have a positive effect on the memory and concentration of students in education. Key words: Sports, Participation, Academic Performance, Secondar

Importance of Spoken English Language in our Professional Development and Life

 Spoken English Language has become the life blood of our professional development and social life. In the worldwide market place spoken English has emerged as the lingua franca. There is a huge and growing demand, for training in Spoken English skills from individuals and companies in all sectors and in all parts of the world. The Importance of Spoken English Language in this age of globalization is essential. English language is the most important language of communication between different countries. UN has recognized 5 languages as its official languages one of them English takes the 1st position. English is spoken by communities on every continent and on oceanic islands in all the major oceans. English is the dominant international language in science, business, aviation, entertainment, and diplomacy, and also on the Internet. In most fields of work your ability to speak English can help you advance your career; helping you get the job you want and earn more money. No matter what your area of expertise, skill in English will contribute substantially to your success. Speaking and understanding English will allow a person to communicate with each other, besides this it offers you more chances of doing professional jobs not in your own country but around the world

N′-[(E)-Benzyl­idene]-1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbohydrazide

In the title compound, C19H18N4O2, the 1,8-naphthyridine ring system is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.011 (3) Å]. The dihedral angle between the naphthyridine ring system and the phenyl ring is 28.95 (7)°. The carbohydrazide H atom is involved in an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a six-membered hydrogen-bonded ring. In the crystal, the mol­ecules arrange themselves into centrosymmetric dimers by means of inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Morbidly Adherent Placenta: A Cross-sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is one of the most dreaded antenatal complications leading to massive hemorrhage, immense blood transfusion, hysterectomy, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, multi-organ failure and maternal mortality. The study aimed to determine the maternal outcome in terms of complications, interventions, and mortality in patients with MAP in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: During the study period of one year (2020-2021) a total of 68 patients with MAP were studied. Demographic profiles including age, parity, gestational age and history of previous cesarean sections were recorded. Other complications and interventions were also noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23 and a t-test was applied for comparison between the two groups. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total number of deliveries during the study period was 20971. Among these 7183 women had a cesarian section (CS). The total number of CS done due to placenta previa was 319, out of which a total of 68(21.3%) patients were diagnosed with MAP. It was further observed that 0.6% of patients had no history of a previous uterine scar, 39.0% of patients with previous 1 scar and 80% with 4 scars (p>0.05). Peripartum hysterectomy was performed in 48.5% of patients. The complications noted were bladder injury 17.6%, ICU admission 45.5% and maternal mortality 4.4%. Conclusion: Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) was found directly related to cesarean section (p>0.05). Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the primary scars to reduce the incidence of repeat scars and ultimately MAP related severe maternal outcomes. Keywords: Morbidly Adherent Placenta (MAP); Caesarean Section; Placenta Previa

Toxicopathological effects of endosulfan in female Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)

Background: The current study was planned to investigate the toxico-pathological effects of endosulfan in female Japanese quails.Methods: A total of 120 quail of 4 weeks old were divided into six equal groups (A-F) and administered endosulfan in feed at dose rate of 0, 5, 25, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg feed, respectively for 90 days. Parameters studied included clinical signs, feed intake, body weight and mortality. Hematology, serum biochemistry, hatchability and fertility were also determined. Gross and microscopic changes on different organs were recorded.Results: The quails of the group B did not show any clinical signs and had significantly lower values of feed intake, testes relative weight and leukocyte number than those of the control group A. The quails of group C and D had mild depression while those of the group E and F showed nervous excitation following ingestion of endosulfan. There was a dose related delay in onset of crowing, appearance of foamy material in the droppings. The feed intake, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hematocrit values, and serum total proteins of endosulfan fed quails were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the group A. The total egg production in groups A, B and C was significantly higher from group D, E and F.  The hatchability in group A and B was significantly higher from groups C, D, E and F. The difference of dead in shell % and early dead among different groups was nonsignificant. Infertile egg percentage was significantly higher in group E compared with all other groups except group F. The necrotic changes were observed in all parts of oviduct in high dose groups, similarly necrotic changes and vacuolar degeneration was observed in hepatic parenchyma in high dose groups D-F.Conclusion: It may be concluded that endosulfan leads to dose dependent changes in the quails.Keywords: Body weight; Coturnix japonica; Endosulfan; Haematological values; Histopatholog

YB-1 expression promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer that is inhibited by a small molecule fisetin

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. The transcription/translation regulatory Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is known to be associated with cancer metastasis. We observed that YB-1 expression increased with tumor grade and showed an inverse relationship with E-cadherin in a human PCa tissue array. Forced YB-1 expression induced a mesenchymal morphology that was associated with down regulation of epithelial markers. Silencing of YB-1 reversed mesenchymal features and decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa cells. YB-1 is activated directly via Akt mediated phosphorylation at Ser102 within the cold shock domain (CSD). We next identified fisetin as an inhibitor of YB-1 activation. Computational docking and molecular dynamics suggested that fisetin binds on the residues from β1 - β4 strands of CSD, hindering Akt’s interaction with YB-1. Calculated free binding energy ranged from -11.9845 to -9.6273 kcal/mol. Plasmon Surface Resonance studies showed that fisetin binds to YB-1 with an affinity of approximately 35 µM, with both slow association and dissociation. Fisetin also inhibited EGF induced YB-1 phosphorylation and markers of EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively our data suggest that YB-1 induces EMT in PCa and identify fisetin as an inhibitor of its activation

Assessment of the knowledge, behavior and practice of self-medication amongst female students in a pakistani university

This study set sights at the issue of predominance of the attitude and behavior of self medication, medication storage and self treatment among female students of a Pakistani university. Random sampling and cross sectional surveys were conducted after collecting the data with the help of a questionnaire that was circulated amongst students. Of the 450 participants, 78.74 % of students admitted that they store medicines with them while other 50.95 % of students replied that they stop taking medicine prescribed by their doctors with the doctor’s intimation. The 78.74 % females were involved in self-medication. The 21.98 % were of the opinion that they did it to save their time and the 12.57 % claimed that the medicine given by the doctor did not have any effect. The medicines which are used to treat symptoms as self-medication are analgesics and antipyretics (22.57 %), ear, nose and throat drugs (14.34 %), vitamins and minerals (12.17 %), gastro-intestinal tract drugs (10.30 %), anti-infections (8.05 %) and herbal medicines (5.44 %). Female students should be educated to be sure to acquire safe practice by increasing their knowledge. Such strong policies should be instigated that the availability of unprescribed medicines should be restricted to avoid hazards due to self-medication.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Incidence of colorectal cancer in Kashmir valley, India

Abstract Background There is wide variation in the incidence of colorectal cancer globally and also within the same country among different racial or ethnic groups. The present population-based study was undertaken to determine the incidence of colorectal cancer in Kashmiri population which is non-migratory and ethnically homogeneous having stable food habits. Methods Over a period of one year, all newly diagnosed and histological proved cases of colorectal cancer in all possible areas, where such patients are diagnosed and treated were prospectively registered. Results A total of 212 cases of colorectal cancers were registered; of them 113 (53.3%) originated in the colon and other 99 (46.7%) in rectum. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1

Ongoing efforts to improve the management of patients with diabetes in Bangladesh and the implications

Background: Prevalence rates of patients with diabetes are growing across countries, and Bangladesh is no exception. Associated costs are also increasing, driven by costs associated with the complications of diabetes including hypoglycaemia. Long-acting insulin analogues were developed to reduce hypoglycaemia as well as improve patient comfort and adherence. However, they have been appreciably more expensive reducing their affordability and use. Biosimilars offer a way forward. Consequently, there is a need to document current prescribing and dispensing rates for long-acting insulin analogues across Bangladesh, including current prices and differences, as a result of affordability and other issues. Methods: Mixed method approach including surveying prescribing practices in hospitals coupled with dispensing practices and prices among community pharmacies and drug stores across Bangladesh. This method was adopted since public hospitals only dispense insulins such as soluble insulins free-of-charge until funds run out and all long-acting insulin analogues have to be purchased from community stores. Results: There has been growing prescribing and dispensing of long-acting insulins in Bangladesh in recent years, accounting for over 80% of all insulins dispensed in a minority of stores. This has been helped by growing prescribing and dispensing of biosimilar insulin glargine at lower costs that the originator, with this trend likely to continue with envisaged growth in the number of patients. Consequently, Bangladesh can serve as an exemplar to other low- and middle-income countries struggling to fund long-acting insulins for their patients. Conclusions: It was encouraging to see continued growth in the prescribing and dispensing of long-acting insulin analogues in Bangladesh via the increasing availability of biosimilars. This is likely to continue benefitting all key stakeholder groups