International Public Relations: An American Perspective

En un món cada vegada més interconnectat i interdependent, la internacionalització de les relacions públiques s’ha convertit en una realitat, a més a més d’una preocupació tant per a acadèmics com per a professionals que veuen com una crisi que es va iniciar en els mercats americans ràpidament va afectar tant nacions desenvolupades com nacions en vies de desenvolupament. En aquest article exposem la perspectiva teòrica americana de les relacions públiques, en general, i la seva aplicabilitat internacional i transcultural, en particular. D’una banda, ressaltem les fundacions teòriques de l’excel·lència en la pràctica de les relacions públiques, codificades en un conjunt de principis genèrics; d’altra, proporcionem una avaluació crítica sobre l’aplicabilitat transcultural d’aquests principis genèrics i examinem el relativisme cultural d’aquests principis. Finalment, concloem amb algunes reflexions al voltant de la recerca necessària per poder desembolicar les relacions públiques internacionals. KEY WORDS: International Public Relations, American Perspective, Generic Principles, Cultural Relativism, Excellence Theory, Model of World-class Public Relations. PARAULES CLAU: relacions públiques internationals, perspectiva americana, principis genèrics, relativisme cultural, teoria de l’Excel·lència, model de relacions públiques mundials

Maternal Health Information Disparities Amid Covid-19: Comparing Urban and Rural Expectant Mothers in Ghana

The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted mothers’ access to credible and reliable health information from their healthcare providers. However, the impact of the pandemic on maternal health information access among rural and urban mothers has not been studied, especially in the Global South. Guided by the channel complementarity theory, we examined the sources of maternal health information rural and urban Ghanaian mothers used during the pandemic. Specifically, we analyzed the role access to technology plays in determining the quantity and quality of maternal health information expectant mothers had during the pandemic. Through purposive and snowball sampling techniques, we recruited and conducted in-depth interviews with 15 mothers, eight from rural communities and seven from urban communities in Ghana. We thematically analyzed the data and found that rural and urban mothers used medical and non-medical sources to obtain maternal health information. While medical sources remained the most credible information source even amid the pandemic, the mothers equally appreciated the immense benefits of other sources, particularly the internet. Our findings also suggest that the motivations for using maternal health information sources complementarily were not limited to the mothers’ functional needs, level of interest, and source characteristics but also covered the mothers’ location, resources, and health information literacy levels

A POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO SULTANATO DE OMÃ PARA A CRISE DO IÊMEN: FUNDAMENTOS E LIMITAÇÕES

The study started from the question: What is the role played by the Sultanate of Oman in the Yemeni crisis? What are the most important auxiliary factors and the most prominent obstacles to performing this role? The problem of the study was the difference of the foreign policy of the Sultanate of Oman towards the crisis in Yemen from the policies of other regional countries, especially the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The study adopted the hypothesis that there is an effective and important role played by the Sultanate of Oman in the Yemeni crisis, which it plays through the positions and foreign policy decisions that it has committed to towards the crisis in its neighbor Yemen. The study adopted both the decision-making approach and the descriptive analytical approach. The study analyzed the priorities of the Sultanate of Oman in Yemen, the developments of the Omani position on the Yemeni crisis, and the components and determinants of the Omani role in Yemen. The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which is that the Sultanate of Oman has invested its political neutrality and moderation diplomacy in order to activate channels of dialogue and diplomacy in order to end the ongoing fighting in Yemen, and that despite the difficulty of the Yemeni file, the Sultanate of Oman remains more qualified than others to play the role of a neutral mediator. This is reinforced by the fact that the Sultanate is not a party to the conflict in Yemen, as is the case with other regional and international parties.O estudo começou com as perguntas: Qual é o papel desempenhado pelo Sultanato de Omã na crise iemenita? Quais são os fatores auxiliares mais importantes e os obstáculos mais proeminentes para o desempenho desse papel? O problema do estudo foi a diferença entre a política externa do Sultanato de Omã frente à crise no Iêmen e às políticas de outros países da região, especialmente os países do Conselho de Cooperação do Golfo. O estudo adotou a hipótese de que o Sultanato de Omã desempenha um papel efetivo e importante na crise iemenita, que o desempenha por meio das posições e decisões de política externa com as quais se comprometeu diante da crise em seu vizinho Iêmen. O estudo adotou tanto a abordagem da tomada de decisão quanto a abordagem analítica descritiva. O estudo analisou as prioridades do Sultanato de Omã no Iêmen, os desenvolvimentos de sua posição na crise iemenita e os componentes e determinantes do papel de Omã no Iêmen. O estudo concluiu uma série de resultados, dos quais o mais importante é que o Sultanato de Omã investiu sua neutralidade política e diplomacia de moderação para ativar canais de diálogo e diplomacia a fim de acabar com os combates em curso no Iêmen e que, apesar da dificuldade do caso iemenita, o Sultanato de Omã continua mais qualificado do que outros para desempenhar o papel de mediador neutro. Isso é reforçado pelo fato de que o Sultanato não é parte do conflito no Iêmen, como é o caso de outras partes regionais e internacionais

Preliminary study of second harmonic generation in poled Teo2-Nb2o5-Li2o-Sm2o3 glass

Series of glass based on teo2-nb2o5-li2o-sm2o3 of 1mm thick is electrically thermal poled around 270°c (120°c below transition glass temperature, tg), for 1 hour under applied de field of 2.5kv. The micrograph taken under sem shows that the poling caused small particles occurs at voltage of 2.5kv on anode-side surface. Second order optical nonlinearities will be induced in tellurite glasses by the thermal poling technique. The induced will be measured via second harmonic generation using a fundamental beam from a 1064 nm mode locked nd: yag laser. The nonlinear regions will be characterized using the maker-fringe technique, in which the second harmonic signals were observed as a function of incident angle of the fundamental beam. The profile has contributions from a distinct region: a near-anodic surfac

The Paradoxes of Modern Islamic Discourses and Socio-Religious Transformation in the Digital Age

The introduction of the internet brought about many transformations in the political, social, cultural, and educational fields worldwide. This phenomenon of digital transformation introduced a myriad of positive, negative, and paradoxical impacts. This critical essay tackles some of the significant transformations and paradoxes which the introduction of the internet invited in modern Muslim societies, with a special focus on two specific domains. First, the realm of religious authority or obtaining authoritative religious knowledge in the age of the internet. Second, the realm of shifting gendered Islamic identities in the age of cyberspace. In exploring these complex and hybrid phenomena, special attention is paid to the tensions between the opposing forces of tradition and modernity, diversity and cohesion, hegemony and resistance, and globalization and localization in cyberspace, and their numerous and far-reaching effects

Der Fernsehsender Al Dschasira

Jörg Becker und Sahar KhamisLiteraturverz. S. 18 - 21(VLID)77056

Maternal Health Information Disparities Amid Covid-19: Comparing Urban and Rural Expectant Mothers in Ghana

The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted mothers’ access to credible and reliable health information from their healthcare providers. However, the impact of the pandemic on maternal health information access among rural and urban mothers has not been studied, especially in the Global South. Guided by the channel complementarity theory, we examined the sources of maternal health information rural and urban Ghanaian mothers used during the pandemic. Specifically, we analyzed the role access to technology plays in determining the quantity and quality of maternal health information expectant mothers had during the pandemic. Through purposive and snowball sampling techniques, we recruited and conducted in-depth interviews with 15 mothers, eight from rural communities and seven from urban communities in Ghana. We thematically analyzed the data and found that rural and urban mothers used medical and non-medical sources to obtain maternal health information. While medical sources remained the most credible information source even amid the pandemic, the mothers equally appreciated the immense benefits of other sources, particularly the internet. Our findings also suggest that the motivations for using maternal health information sources complementarily were not limited to the mothers’ functional needs, level of interest, and source characteristics but also covered the mothers’ location, resources, and health information literacy level

A POLÍTICA EXTERNA DO SULTANATO DE OMÃ PARA A CRISE DO IÊMEN: FUNDAMENTOS E LIMITAÇÕES

The study started from the question: What is the role played by the Sultanate of Oman in the Yemeni crisis? What are the most important auxiliary factors and the most prominent obstacles to performing this role? The problem of the study was the difference of the foreign policy of the Sultanate of Oman towards the crisis in Yemen from the policies of other regional countries, especially the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The study adopted the hypothesis that there is an effective and important role played by the Sultanate of Oman in the Yemeni crisis, which it plays through the positions and foreign policy decisions that it has committed to towards the crisis in its neighbor Yemen. The study adopted both the decision-making approach and the descriptive analytical approach. The study analyzed the priorities of the Sultanate of Oman in Yemen, the developments of the Omani position on the Yemeni crisis, and the components and determinants of the Omani role in Yemen. The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which is that the Sultanate of Oman has invested its political neutrality and moderation diplomacy in order to activate channels of dialogue and diplomacy in order to end the ongoing fighting in Yemen, and that despite the difficulty of the Yemeni file, the Sultanate of Oman remains more qualified than others to play the role of a neutral mediator. This is reinforced by the fact that the Sultanate is not a party to the conflict in Yemen, as is the case with other regional and international parties.O estudo começou com as perguntas: Qual é o papel desempenhado pelo Sultanato de Omã na crise iemenita? Quais são os fatores auxiliares mais importantes e os obstáculos mais proeminentes para o desempenho desse papel? O problema do estudo foi a diferença entre a política externa do Sultanato de Omã frente à crise no Iêmen e às políticas de outros países da região, especialmente os países do Conselho de Cooperação do Golfo. O estudo adotou a hipótese de que o Sultanato de Omã desempenha um papel efetivo e importante na crise iemenita, que o desempenha por meio das posições e decisões de política externa com as quais se comprometeu diante da crise em seu vizinho Iêmen. O estudo adotou tanto a abordagem da tomada de decisão quanto a abordagem analítica descritiva. O estudo analisou as prioridades do Sultanato de Omã no Iêmen, os desenvolvimentos de sua posição na crise iemenita e os componentes e determinantes do papel de Omã no Iêmen. O estudo concluiu uma série de resultados, dos quais o mais importante é que o Sultanato de Omã investiu sua neutralidade política e diplomacia de moderação para ativar canais de diálogo e diplomacia a fim de acabar com os combates em curso no Iêmen e que, apesar da dificuldade do caso iemenita, o Sultanato de Omã continua mais qualificado do que outros para desempenhar o papel de mediador neutro. Isso é reforçado pelo fato de que o Sultanato não é parte do conflito no Iêmen, como é o caso de outras partes regionais e internacionais