Prediction of the Thromboembolic Syndrome: an Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Gene Expression Data Analysis

The aim of this study was to propose a method for improving the power of recognition and classification of thromboembolic syndrome based on the analysis of ‎ gene expression data using artificial neural networks. The studied method was performed on a dataset which contained data about 117 patients admitted to a hospital in Durham in 2009. Of all the studied patients, 66 patients were suffering from thromboembolic syndrome and 51 people were enrolled in the study as the control group. The gene expression level of 22277 was measured for all the samples and was entered into the model as the main variable. Due to the high number of variables, principal components analysis and auto-encoder neural network methods were used in order to reduce the dimension of data. The results showed that when using auto-encoder networks, the classification accuracy was 93.12. When using the PCA method to reduce the size of the data, the obtained accuracy was 78.26, and hence a significant difference in the accuracy of classification was observed. If auto-encoder network method is used, the sensitivity and specificity will be 92.58 and 93.68 and when PCA method is used, they will be 0.77 and 0.78 respectively. The results suggested that auto-encoder networks, compared with the PCA method, had a higher level of accuracy for the classification of thromboembolic syndrome status

Assosition of diabetes and hypertension with the incidence of chronic kidney disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

زمینه و هدف: بیماری مزمن کلیوی اختلالی شایع است که با افزایش خطر بیماری های قلبی- عروقی، نارسایی کلیه و بروز عوارض دیگر همراه است. پیر شدن جمعیت و رشد شیوع جهانی دیابت و فشار خون بالا باعث افزایش شیوع بیماری مزمن کلیوی در سراسر جهان شده است. در این مطالعه ما به بررسی خطر دیابت، فشار خون بالا و برهمکنش آن ها بر بروز بیماری مزمن کلیوی پرداختیم. روش بررسی: این مطالعه یک مطالعه ثانویه بر داده های مطالعه قند و لیپید تهران است. در این مطالعه یک جمعیت 7342 نفری20 سال و بالاتر (8/46 مرد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابتدا شرکت کنندگان به 4 گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه اول: شامل افراد بدون دیابت و بدون فشار خون بالا، گروه دوم: افراد دارای دیابت و بدون فشار خون بالا، گروه سوم: افراد بدون دیابت و دارای فشار خون بالا و گروه چهارم: افراد دارای هر دو عامل دیابت و فشار خون بالا بودند. سپس با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی چند متغیره کاکس نسبت مخاطره هر گروه نسبت به گروه اول و با تعدیل متغیرهای سن، میزان پالایش گلومرولی، تحصیلات، وضعیت سیگار کشیدن، کلسترول سرم، تری گلیسیرید سرم، HDL سرم، نمایه توده بدنی و نمره گرایش محاسبه شد. یافته ها: در مردان گروه دوم، دیابت (بدون فشار خون بالا) با نسبت مخاطره (69/2-39/1)94/1 و در مردان گروه سوم فشار خون بالا (بدون دیابت) با نسبت مخاطره (96/1-27/1)58/1 هر دو عامل خطر بیماری مزمن کلیوی بودند. به همین ترتیب در زنان نیز نسبت مخاطره دیابت و فشار خون بالا به ترتیب (51/1-93/0)18/1 و (47/1-05/1)24/1 بود. همچنین در مردان و زنان دیابت با فشار خون بالا برهمکنش معنی داری در بروز بیماری مزمن کلیوی نداشتند. نتیجه گیری: یافته های این مطالعه نشان می دهد که فشار خون بالا بدون توجه به حضور یا عدم حضور دیابت در هر دو جنس یک عامل خطر مستقل در بروز بیماری مزمن کلیوی می باشد

Using support vector machines in predicting and classifying factors affecting preterm delivery

Various statistical methods have been proposed in terms of predicting the outcomes of facing special factors. In the classical approaches,  making the probability distribution or known probability density functions is ordinarily necessary to predict the desired outcome. However, most of the times enough information about the probability distribution of studied variables is not available to the researcher in practice. In such circumstances, we need that the predictors function well without knowing the probability distribution or probability density. It means that with the minimum assumptions, we obtain predictors with high precision.Support vector machine (SVM) is a good statistical method of prediction. The aim of this study is to compare two statistical methods, SVM and logistic regression. To that end, the data on premature infants born at Tehran Milad Hospital is collected and used

Model for Identifying Effective Factors in Brand Identity in Banking

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: drivers, effectiveness, and future needs

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change. Yet, the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure (GBGI), such as parks, wetlands, and engineered greening, which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures. Despite many reviews, the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear. This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits. After screening 27,486 papers, 202 were reviewed, based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions. Certain GBGI (green walls, parks, street trees) have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities. However, several other GBGI have received negligible (zoological garden, golf course, estuary) or minimal (private garden, allotment) attention. The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens (5.0 ± 3.5°C), wetlands (4.9 ± 3.2°C), green walls (4.1 ± 4.2°C), street trees (3.8 ± 3.1°C), and vegetated balconies (3.8 ± 2.7°C). Under changing climate conditions (2070–2100) with consideration of RCP8.5, there is a shift in climate subtypes, either within the same climate zone (e.g., Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa) or across other climate zones (e.g., Dfb [continental warm-summer humid] to BSk [dry, cold semi-arid] and Cwa [temperate] to Am [tropical]). These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future. Given the importance of multiple services, it is crucial to balance their functionality, cooling performance, and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI. This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating, filling research gaps, and promoting community resilience

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: drivers, effectiveness, and future needs

The combination of urbanisation and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change. Yet, the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructures (GBGI), such as parks, wetlands, and engineered greening, which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures. Despite many reviews, the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear. This systematic literature review synthesises the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximise their benefits. After screening 27,486 papers, 202 were reviewed, based on 51 GBGI types categorised under 10 main divisions. Certain GBGI (green walls, parks, street trees) have been well-researched for their urban cooling capabilities. However, several other GBGI have received negligible (zoological garden, golf course, estuary) or minimal (private garden, allotment) attention. The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens (5.0±3.5°C), wetlands (4.9±3.2°C), green walls (4.1±4.2°C), street trees (3.8±3.1°C), and vegetated balconies (3.8±2.7°C). Under changing climate conditions (2070-2100) with consideration of RCP8.5, there is a shift in climate subtypes, either within the same climate zone (e.g., Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa) or across other climate zones (e.g., Dfb (continental warm-summer humid) to BSk (dry, cold semi-arid) and Cwa (temperate) to Am (tropical)). These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future. Given the importance of multiple services, it is crucial to balance their functionality, cooling performance, and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI. This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritising effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating, filling research gaps, and promoting community resilience

Evaluation of patient communication skills of dental students at Islamic Azad university of Isfahan in 2021

Background and Aims: For dental students, communication skills are essential to effectively transfer the necessary information to the patient and meet the patient’s needs and expectations. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the patient communication skills of dental students at Islamic Azad university of Isfahan in 2021. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional analytical study, an online standardized questionnaire DCCC (Dental consultation communication checklist) was provided to all clinical dental students applying a census sampling method. In total, from 248 clinical dental students, 230 students participated in the study (response rate=92.7%). The questionnaire included five dimensions of introduction, medical history, clinical examination, closure and patient. In order to determine the patient communication skills, its dimensions, and the association between patient communication skills and students’ demographic characteristics, friedman test, analysis of variance, independent t-test and a linear regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean score of total communication skills of the students (117.16±15.6) was above average which was obtained from the maximum score of 155. There was a significant difference between the dimensions of communication skills (P<0.001). The highest scores were assigned to the clinical examination, patient, medical history, introduction and closure, respectively. No significant relationship existed between the score of students' communication skills with gender (P=0.08), age (P=0.17), marital status (P=0.19), and educational background in psychology (P=0.07). No significant relationship revealed between the total score of communication skills (P=0.92) and its dimensions (introduction P=0.79, medical history P=0.90, clinical examination P=0.77, closure P=0.35, and patient P=0.85) with the students’ academic year. Conclusion: The total score of dental students’ communication skills and all its dimensions was above average. However, students reported poorer performance in dimensions of introduction and closure than the other dimensions. Therefore, it is recommended to design and implement educational interventions specially to improve the dimensions of introduction and closure

The effect of chamomile on flatulence after the laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Objective: Flatulence is one of the main post-operative Ileus-related complications, especially in abdominal surgeries, which can be largely due to the effects of anesthesia. There are various kinds of therapeutic methods used for their treatment though sometimes their effects are limited. Thus, it is essential to find alternative treatments to decrease the implications of the disease. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Chamomilla recutita on flatulence after Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out in 2020 at Isfahan in Iran. Patients randomly fell into either chamomile (n = 32) or placebo groups (n = 32). The intervention was performed 1 h before the operation. The severity and the frequency of flatulence were recorded using a visual analog scale in both groups in three stages before the operation, after the operation in recovery, and 2 h after the operation. Results: The flatulence was not observed before the operation and on arrival in the recovery room. Before leaving the recovery room, the frequency of flatulence was the same in both the groups. However, in the surgical ward, the frequency of flatulence in the chamomile group was significantly lower than in the placebo group. The mean of flatulence severity has significantly increased in both groups over time but in the chamomile group, this increase was significantly lower than in the placebo group. Conclusion: These results suggest that chamomile has a potential therapeutic effect on the gastrointestinal and can reduce flatulence. In laparoscopic surgeries, using chamomile drops as a preventive drug seems to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative flatulence