Sukuk: Definition, Structure and Accounting Issues

Recent innovations in Islamic finance have changed the dynamics of the Islamic finance industry especially, in the area of sukuk or Islamic securities. Sukuk have become increasingly popular in the last few years, both as a means of raising government finance through sovereign issues, and as a way for companies to obtain funding through offering corporate sukuk. In this paper an attempt is made is to define sukuk and show the structure of sukuk. Furthermore, the paper shades some light on some accounting risk issues of sukuk. Finally, the paper presents benefits of sukuk for shareholders. However, this paper is a humble attempt to explain certain issues of sukuk. Certainly, for further information about sukuk, there are many publications that may assist the reader to derive the knowledge about sukuk.Sukuk, structure, recognition, measurement and risk

Online Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: A case study of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad

Online banking can provide a reliable service to the customers for which make them happy. Online banking service is a comparative advantage and can improve relationship with customers. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of E-SERVQUAL model on customer satisfaction in Bank Islam Malaysia Brhd (BIMB). Four service quality dimensions namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy have been established based on the SERVQUAL model modified by Han and Beak (2004). These variables have been tested to explore the relationship between online service quality and the customer satisfaction. The data were gathered through a questionnaire with 21 customers. The study shows that these dimensions are good to measure the relationship between online service and customer satisfaction. The study also explores that empathy, reliability, and responsiveness have more contribution to satisfy the customers of Bank Islam online banking service.Service quality dimensions, E-SERVQUAL model, and customer satisfaction

Black Hole with Quantum Potential

In this work, we investigate black hole (BH) physics in the context of quantum corrections. These quantum corrections were introduced recently by replacing classical geodesics with quantal (Bohmian) trajectories and hence form a quantum Raychaudhuri equation (QRE). From the QRE, we derive a modified Schwarzschild metric, and use that metric to investigate BH singularity and thermodynamics. We find that these quantum corrections change the picture of Hawking radiation greatly when the size of BH approaches the Planck scale. They prevent the BH from total evaporation, predicting the existence of a quantum BH remnant, which may introduce a possible resolution for the catastrophic behavior of Hawking radiation as the BH mass approaches zero. Those corrections also turn the spacelike singularity of the black hole to be timelike, and hence this may ameliorate the information loss problem.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures; Accepted in Nucl.Phys.

A Proposal for Testing Gravity's Rainbow

Various approaches to quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity and Horava-Lifshitz gravity predict modifications of the energy-momentum dispersion relation. Magueijo and Smolin incorporated the modified dispersion relation (MDR) with the general theory of relativity to yield a theory of gravity's rainbow. In this paper, we investigate the Schwarzschild metric in the context of gravity's rainbow. We investigate rainbow functions from three known modified dispersion relations that were introduced by Amelino-Camelia, et el. in [arXiv:hep-th/9605211, arXiv:0806.0339v2, arXiv:astro-ph/9712103] and by Magueijo-Smolin in [arXiv:hep-th/0112090]. We study the effect of the rainbow functions on the deflection of light, photon time delay, gravitational red-shift, and the weak equivalence principle. We compare our results with experiments to obtain upper bounds on the parameters of the rainbow functions.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, to appear in Europhysics Letter

Sukuk: Definition, Structure and Accounting Issues

Recent innovations in Islamic finance have changed the dynamics of the Islamic finance industry especially, in the area of sukuk or Islamic securities. Sukuk have become increasingly popular in the last few years, both as a means of raising government finance through sovereign issues, and as a way for companies to obtain funding through offering corporate sukuk. In this paper an attempt is made is to define sukuk and show the structure of sukuk. Furthermore, the paper shades some light on some accounting risk issues of sukuk. Finally, the paper presents benefits of sukuk for shareholders. However, this paper is a humble attempt to explain certain issues of sukuk. Certainly, for further information about sukuk, there are many publications that may assist the reader to derive the knowledge about sukuk

Remnant for all Black Objects due to Gravity's Rainbow

We argue that a remnant is formed for all black objects in gravity's rainbow. This will be based on the observation that a remnant depends critically on the structure of the rainbow functions, and this dependence is a model independent phenomena. We thus propose general relations for the modified temperature and entropy of all black objects in gravity's rainbow. We explicitly check this to be the case for Kerr, Kerr-Newman-dS, charged-AdS, and higher dimensional Kerr-AdS black holes. We also try to argue that a remnant should form for black Saturn in gravity's rainbow. This work extends our previous results on remnants of Schwarzschild black holes [ arXiv:1402.5320] and black rings [arXiv:1409.5745].Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, Accepted in Nucl.Phys.

Remnants of Black Rings from Gravity's Rainbow

In this paper, we investigate a spinning black ring and a charged black ring in the context of gravity's rainbow. By incorporating rainbow functions proposed by Amelino-Camelia, et al. in [arXiv:hep-th/9605211, arXiv:0806.0339v2] in the metric of the black rings, a considerable modification happens to their thermodynamical properties. We calculate corrections to the temperature, entropy and heat capacity of the black rings. These calculations demonstrate that the behavior of Hawking radiation changes considerably near the Planck scale in gravity's rainbow, where it is shown that black rings do not evaporate completely and a remnant is left as the black rings evaporate down to Planck scale.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Sensitivity of Diffusion-Weighted STEAM MRI and EPI-DWI to Infratentorial Ischemic Stroke

Objectives To assess the sensitivity of stimulated echo acquisition mode diffusion weighted imaging (STEAM-DWI) to ischemic stroke in comparison to echo-planar imaging diffusion weighted imaging (EPI-DWI) in the infratentorial compartment. Methods Fifty-seven patients presenting with clinical features of infratentorial stroke underwent STEAM-DWI, high-resolution EPI-DWI (HR-DWI, 2.5 mm slice thickness) and low-resolution EPI-DWI (LR-DWI, 5 mm slice thickness). Four readers assessed the presence of ischemic lesions and artifacts. Agreement between sequences and interobserver agreement on the presence of ischemia were calculated. The sensitivities of the DWI sequences were calculated in 45 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of infratentorial stroke. Results Median time from symptom onset to imaging was 24 hours. STEAM- DWI agreed with LR-DWI in 89.5% of cases (kappa = 0.72, p<0.0001) and with HR- DWI in 89.5% of cases (kappa = 0.68, p<0.0001). STEAM-DWI showed fewer intraparenchymal artifacts (1/57) than HR-DWI (44/57) and LR-DWI (41/57). Ischemia was visible in 87% of cases for LR-DWI, 93% of cases for HR-DWI, and 89% of cases for STEAM-DWI. Interobserver agreement was good for STEAM-DWI (kappa = 0.62, p<0.0001). Conclusions Compared to the best currently available MR sequence for detecting ischemia (HR-DWI), STEAM-DWI shows fewer artifacts and a similar sensitivity to infratentorial stroke