Controversies in Pneumothorax Treatment

Surgical intervention either by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or open procedure proved its worth in reducing the incidence of recurrence in pneumothorax. However, many controversies surround the management of this common medical condition. Despite advances in knowledge and technology, chest physicians and surgeons could not be more divisive about the management of pneumothorax. There are no two thoracic surgical centres and possibly no two surgeons within the same hospital that agree on the management of the different aspects of pneumothorax. The variability in reported outcomes and the paucity of published multicentre randomised controlled trials (RCT) highlight the need for further studies investigating the best options for pneumostasis and pleurodesis. This chapter aims at discussing some of these controversies and reviews the literature at its current state of evidence

F1- Delta -Lifting modules

Let R be an associative ring with identity and let M be an unitary  left R-module. An R-module M is called F1- lifting, if every fully invariant sub module A of M contains a direct summand  B of M such that B ≤ ce A . In this paper we introduce  F1-δ-lifting  as a generalization of F1-lifting  module. We prove similar results of  F1-lifting. Keywords:  F1-δ-lifting modules ,strongly F1-δ-lifting modules

Erythromelalgia: An Uncommon Presentation Precipitated by Aspirin Withdrawal

Erythromelalgia is a rare disorder frequently associated with myeloproliferative disorders. We describe a case of elderly patient diagnosed with myeloproliferative disorder in remission. The patient was on aspirin for secondary prevention of stroke and was taken off aspirin and developed erythromelalgia within two weeks of withdrawal of aspirin. After restarting aspirin, patient’s symptoms improved within 2 weeks

The Influencing Factors of the Career Pathway for Health Professions’ Education

Objectives: In this study our objective was to identify and explore the factors that influenced the choice of those Medical and Dental Graduates who chose HPE as a sole career, as to our knowledge there is yet to be an attempt exploring the factors influencing the choice of HPE as a sole career. Significance of Study: Doctors and dentists have a wide variety of specialties. One such specialty is HPE that revolves around all three divisions, undergraduate, postgraduate and the continuing professional development, of a Medical and Dental Practitioner. In Pakistan, there is a varied perception of this specialty despite it encompassing the very essence in the journey of a medical and dental graduate, aiming to produce a population of ethical, knowledgeable, skilled and up-to-date professionals. (9-11)To address these, a formal process of training is required with enrollment in an HPE Program. This study has been designed to identify and explore the choice of those Graduates who have opted HPE as a sole career.   1.       Materials and methods Study Design: A qualitative exploratory design was employed to explore the factors influencing specialty preference by phenomenology(12) Study Setting and Duration: The study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad. Data was collected over four months, February to May, and the total duration of the study was from February to June. Study Population: All medical and dental graduates who had completed a post-graduate HPE qualification and had at least five years’ experience. Population size: A total 18 doctors were identified after the inclusion and exclusion criteria. However, only 6 agreed to participate in the study. Inclusion Criteria: Medical and Dental graduates that had opted post-graduate HPE qualification

A Shortest Data Window Algorithm for Detecting the Power Factor in presence of non-sinusoidal load current

During recent years, nonlinear power electronic equipments introduce harmonic pollution on electric power systems. It makes the traditional power factor meter can not act accurately when it monitors unbalanced and harmonic loads. In this paper, a new algorithm for detecting the power factor in presence of non-sinusoidal load current is proposed. The proposed algorithm detects the true power factor exactly. By uses only two successive sampled data points of the voltage and the current for each displacement power factor value calculation and two sampled data points for each distortion power factor value calculation, the total/true power factor becomes easy to measure using these values directly. The proposed detector implemented using microcontroller as a main part and has been tested for single phase power system. The test results show that it can measure the true power factor of the loads quickly and accurately

Characteristics of Some Standards Performance of Agricultural Tractor: Review

تعتبر الزراعة في جميع أنحاء العالم، وخاصة في الدول المتقدمة، المصدر الرئيسي للمعيشة والتقدم، وأصبح من الخطأ أو غير المنطقي زيادة الإنتاج الزراعي إما أفقياً من خلال استصلاح الأراضي الجديدة غير الصالحة للزراعة أو رأسياً باستخدام الأساليب الزراعية المتقدمة إذا اعتمدت الزراعة على الأساليب البدائية. يهتم مجال الميكنة الزراعية، أولاً وقبل كل شيء  بالتنمية الشاملة والمتكاملة للبشر ومجتمعاتهم على النحو الذي توفره وسائل وأساليب مفهومة وعلمية وعملية واقتصادية من أجل تطوير بلادهم والارتقاء بمستوى معيشتهم. حيث تقوم بعمليات التدريب وإعداد الكوادر البشرية فنيا وإداريا لشغلها. أساس عمل الجرار في الميدان هو إدارة وتشغيل الآلات الزراعية من خلال أحد مصادر استغلال القدرة فيها. أكثر هذه المصادر استخدامًا هو شريط التوتر، وقضيب التوتر هو الأقل كفاءة من بين هذه المصادر نظرًا لاعتماده على التفاعل بين العجلة والتربة. تتم مراجعة دراسة معايير الأداء المعيارية للجرار الزراعي، والتي قد تساعد الباحثين في تخطيط تجاربهم مع ميكانيكا الأداء أكثر فائدة وفي الاتجاه الصحيح للحصول على نتائج أكثر دقة. أداء الجر 0.5 للأحزمة و 0.4 للإطارات، تراوحت نسب الفرق بين 10٪ و 17٪ لضغط الإطارات. تهدف عمليات تدقيق أداء الجرارات إلى توفير المعلومات والبيانات والقراءات للباحثين وأصحاب المصلحة في ميكانيكا الجرارات لسنوات قادمة.Agriculture is considered in all parts of the world, especially in developed countries, the main source of livelihood and progress, and it has become wrong or illogical to increase agricultural production either horizontally through reclamation of new non-arable lands or vertically using advanced agricultural methods if agriculture relied on primitive methods. The agricultural mechanization field is concerned with, first and foremost, the comprehensive and integral development of humans and their communities as provided by understandable, scientific, practical and economical means and methods in order to develop and advance their countries and standard of living, as well as the operations training and preparation of human cadres technically and administratively to get filled. The basis of the work of the tractor in the field is to manage and operate agricultural machinery through one of the sources of exploiting the capacity in it. The most used of these sources is the tension bar, and the tension bar is the least efficient of these sources due to its dependence on the interaction between the wheel and the soil. The study of standard performance parameters of agricultural tractor, is reviewed herewith, which may help to the researchers in planning their experiments abut performance mechanics more useful and in right direction to get more accurate results. Traction performance 0.5 for belts and 0.4 for tires,  the percentages of difference ranged between 10% and 17% for tire pressure. Tractor performance audits aim to provide information, data and readings to researchers and stakeholders in tractor mechanics for years to come

Architectural Design and Prototyping of Co-PPGIS: A Groupware-Based Online Synchronous Collaborative PPGIS to Support Municipality Development and Planning Management Workflows

Co-PPGIS has a wide variety of applications like municipal planning, emergency response, public health and security, etc. The main focus of this chapter is on the development and design of a Web Collaborative PPGIS (Co-PPGIS) infrastructure. As part of municipality’s planning and management services, Co-PPGIS is developed for real-time map sharing application system. Co-PPGIS is an effective and essential online meeting system for supporting group collaborations on geographic information such as maps and imageries, and capturing and sharing of local/domain knowledge in real time. Co-PPGIS permits amalgamation of geospatial data and collaborator’s input in the form of geo-referenced notations. It incorporates coherent components as map sharing, real-time chat, video conferencing, geo-referenced textual and graphical notations. The study aims to focus on public participation and geo-collaboration facilitated with information sharing, interactive geo-conferencing, real-time map, and data sharing with tools to draw features or add annotation to the map while discussions, uploading documents, and live communication. Co-PPGIS provides an efficient and reliable platform that will significantly reduce the time to acquire, process, and analyze data. The significance of this study is to contribute to existing public participation practices, to municipal planning, to decision-making, or to geographic information science

Characterization of the FAD2 Gene Family in Soybean Reveals the Limitations of Gel-Based TILLING in Genes with High Copy Number

Soybean seed oil typically contains 18–20% oleic acid. Increasing the content of oleic acid is beneficial for health and biodiesel production. Mutations in FAD2-1 genes have been reported to increase seed oleic acid content. A subset of 1,037 mutant families from a mutagenized soybean cultivar (cv.) Forrest population was screened using reverse genetics (TILLING) to identify mutations within FAD2 genes. Although no fad2 mutants were identified using gel-based TILLING, four fad2-1A and one fad2-1B mutants were identified to have high seed oleic acid content using forward genetic screening and subsequent target sequencing. TILLING has been successfully used as a non-transgenic reverse genetic approach to identify mutations in genes controlling important agronomic traits. However, this technique presents limitations in traits such as oil composition due to gene copy number and similarities within the soybean genome. In soybean, FAD2 are present as two copies, FAD2-1 and FAD2-2. Two FAD2-1 members: FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B; and three FAD2-2 members: FAD2-2A, FAD2-2B, and FAD2-2C have been reported. Syntenic, phylogenetic, and in silico analysis revealed two additional members constituting the FAD2 gene family: GmFAD2-2D and GmFAD2-2E, located on chromosomes 09 and 15, respectively. They are presumed to have diverged from other FAD2-2 members localized on chromosomes 19 (GmFAD2-2A and GmFAD2-2B) and 03 (GmFAD2-2C). This work discusses alternative solutions to the limitations of gel-based TILLING in functional genomics due to high copy number and multiple paralogs of the FAD2 gene family in soybean