Analysis of antiviral therapy resistant mutations of Omani HBV isolates.

<p>The amino acid sequences of the HBV polymerase (reverse transcriptase region; aa rtM1 to rtL275) of the Omani resistant mutation isolates were aligned with the corresponding region of the reference sequences (HBV-genotypes A to H; GenBank accession numbers are denoted) by ClustalW with Neighbor Joining method and 1000 bootstrap replicates. Described antiviral resistant mutations were highlighted and denoted at the top (e.g., L80V).</p

Clinical profiles of HBsAg-positive patients of Oman.

<p>Clinical profiles of HBsAg-positive patients of Oman.</p

Distribution of antiviral resistance mutations.

<p>*denotes p<0.05; ^aValues are given as log₁₀ international units (IU)/ml; ND: Not done; F = female, M = male.</p

Analysis of escape mutants of Omani HBV isolates.

<p>The amino acid sequences in the “a” determinant region of the Omani escape mutant isolates were aligned with the corresponding region of the reference sequences (HBV-genotypes A to H; GenBank accession numbers are denoted) by ClustalW with Neighbor Joining method and 1000 bootstrap replicates. Amino acid substitutions were highlighted.</p

Distribution of S-gene variants of Omani HBV isolates.

a<p>Values are given as log₁₀ international units (IU)/ml; ND: Not done; F = female, M = male.</p

HBV-specific primers for detection, genotyping, and mutational analysis.

<p>Nucleotide position is according to the HBV reference strain GenBank accession number HM011485.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of Omani HBV strains.

<p>Phylogenetic analysis inferred from distance analysis (Kimura 2 parameters model) and neighbor-joining reconstruction from a partially overlapping region of P and S genes (from nt479 to nt766) of 170 Omani HBV DNA-positive isolates. The reference strains were denoted by HBV genotype and “•” signal with the GenBank accession number, respectively (for example: “A-HM011485•”). The Omani samples were numbered, and especially the double-infected samples were highlighted by the “▪” signal. (The numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrapping values.).</p

Analysis of antiviral therapy resistant mutations of Omani HBV isolates.

<p>The amino acid sequences of the HBV polymerase (reverse transcriptase region; aa rtM1 to rtL275) of the Omani resistant mutation isolates were aligned with the corresponding region of the reference sequences (HBV-genotypes A to H; GenBank accession numbers are denoted) by ClustalW with Neighbor Joining method and 1000 bootstrap replicates. Described antiviral resistant mutations were highlighted and denoted at the top (e.g., L80V).</p

Mutations in the “a” determinant domain of Omani HBV isolates.

<p>Mutations in the “a” determinant domain of Omani HBV isolates.</p