Association Between Placenta Previa and Preeclampsia

Background: To determine association between placenta previa and pre-eclampsia in pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital.Methods: In this prospective study 187 pregnant women with placenta previa and 187 pregnant, total 374, women without placenta previa were enrolled. Ultrasonography examination was performed on all patients to ascertain the attachment of placenta on uterine wall. All patients were followed every fourth week till 38th weeks. Pre-eclampsia was labelled if mean of three readings of blood pressure was more than 139/89 in a pregnant woman with history of normal blood pressure before pregnancy and proteinuria on urine laboratory examination.Results: Mean age was 27.23 ± 3.633 and ranged from 21 to 43 years. Primipara were 45.7% and 54.3% were multipara. Eight patients (2.1%) were having pre-eclampsia. All patients belonged to non- placenta previa group. Relative risk came out 1.045 ranging from1.014 to 1.077 at 95% confidence interval. There was no effect of age and parity on the association.Conclusion: There is a protective association between placenta previa and pre-eclampsia in pregnant women

Generalizations and improvements of an inequality of Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya

Some generalizations of an inequality of Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya are presented. We discuss the n-exponential convexity and log-convexity of the functions associated with the linear functional defined by the generalized inequality and also prove the monotonicity property of the generalized Cauchy means obtained via this functional. Finally, we give several examples of the families of functions for which the results can be applied

On an inequality of I. Perić

Generalizations of some results given in [1] and [5] are presented and it is shown that, after appropriate substitution, one of the results is equivalent to an inequality given in [10]. We also construct new families of exponentially convex functions and Cauchy-type means by looking at linear functionals associated with the obtained inequalities

3-Jensen-convexity at a point and 3-Wright-convexity at a point and related results

Two new classes of convex functions at a point are intro- duced and some interesting related results are deduced

To determine the frequency of Group B Streptococcal colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Group B streptococci (GBS) is the usually present in vaginal canal in micro-flora, which usually do not exhibit any symptoms. Instead, in pregnancy, there are certain situations in GBS colonization in vagina, which may lead to several complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Group B Streptococcal colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional survey SETTING: Antenatal clinic, Shalamar Hospital Lahore STUDY DURATION: 6 month i.e. From: 05-09-2014 to 06-03-2015 SUBJECTS & METHODS: 350 Booked Patients attending antenatal clinic at Shalamar hospital at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy for routine antenatal checkup were included. Lower vaginal swabs were taken without speculum using sterilized disposable cotton swab and transported to Amies Agar jell and transported to microbiology lab within 24 hours. Laboratory report was collected and reviewed by researcher regarding positive or negative culture for GBS. Patients with positive GBS culture were given intrapartum antibiotics. RESULTS: In our study, out of 350 cases, with the mean age of 26.92+4.84 years. Frequency of GBS colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy was recorded in 12.29% while remaining 87.71% had no findings of the morbidity. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the frequency of GBS colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy is not very higher and in accordance with other regions of our country, but routine screening may further decline its incidence. KEYWORDS: Pregnancy, last trimester, Group B Streptococcal colonization of vagin

Recompensa, um motorista para a criatividade; papel mediador das avaliações de recompensa entre auto eficácia e desempenho criativo

The purpose of this dyadic study was to explore the insight that trigger the creative performance. For such purpose self-efficacy and rewards in shape of challenge and threat appraisal were used. A Survey was conducted to collect the data from the public and private sector organizations related to technical education in Punjab. Sample was the faculty member working on positions of instructors, senior instructor and lectures. A total of 302 respondents were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that there is significant relationship among self-efficacy and creative performance. The mediation analysis also shows that challenge appraisal of rewards for creativity and threat appraisal of reward also worked as mediator. Consequently, we reached at the point that having high level of self-efficacy, individuals in technical education organizations appraises the reward as a challenge and perform creatively. And on the other side having low level of self-efficacy, but appraising the Reward as a threat, tends to impact negatively on creative performance.El propósito de este estudio diádico fue explorar la información que desencadena el rendimiento creativo. Para tal fin se utilizaron la autoeficacia y las recompensas en forma de desafío y evaluación de amenazas. Se realizó una encuesta para recopilar los datos de las organizaciones del sector público y privado relacionadas con la educación técnica en Punjab. La muestra fue el miembro de la facultad que trabaja en posiciones de instructores, instructor senior y conferencias. Se analizaron un total de 302 encuestados. Los resultados del análisis muestran que existe una relación significativa entre la autoeficacia y el rendimiento creativo. El análisis de la mediación también muestra que la evaluación desafiante de las recompensas por la creatividad y la evaluación de la amenaza de recompensa también funcionó como mediador. En consecuencia, llegamos al punto en que, al tener un alto nivel de autoeficacia, los individuos en las organizaciones de educación técnica valoran la recompensa como un desafío y se desempeñan de manera creativa. Por otro lado, tiene un bajo nivel de autoeficacia, pero evaluar la recompensa como una amenaza, tiende a tener un impacto negativo en el rendimiento creativo.O objetivo deste estudo diádico foi explorar a percepção que aciona o desempenho criativo. Para esse propósito, a auto-eficácia e as recompensas em forma de desafio e avaliação de ameaça foram usadas. Uma pesquisa foi realizada para coletar os dados das organizações do setor público e privado relacionadas à educação técnica em Punjab. Amostra foi o membro do corpo docente trabalhando em posições de instrutores, instrutor sênior e palestras. Um total de 302 respondentes foi analisado. Os resultados da análise mostram que existe uma relação significativa entre autoeficácia e desempenho criativo. A análise da mediação também mostra que a avaliação de recompensas de recompensas por criatividade e avaliação de ameaças de recompensa também funcionou como mediador. Consequentemente, chegamos ao ponto em que, tendo alto nível de autoeficácia, indivíduos em organizações de educação técnica avaliam a recompensa como um desafio e realizam de forma criativa. Por outro lado, ter baixo nível de autoeficácia, mas avaliar a recompensa como uma ameaça, tende a impactar negativamente no desempenho criativo

To determine the frequency of Group B Streptococcal colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Group B streptococci (GBS) is the usually present in vaginal canal in micro-flora, which usually do not exhibit any symptoms. Instead, in pregnancy, there are certain situations in GBS colonization in vagina, which may lead to several complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Group B Streptococcal colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional survey SETTING: Antenatal clinic, Shalamar Hospital Lahore STUDY DURATION: 6 month i.e. From: 05-09-2014 to 06-03-2015 SUBJECTS & METHODS: 350 Booked Patients attending antenatal clinic at Shalamar hospital at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy for routine antenatal checkup were included. Lower vaginal swabs were taken without speculum using sterilized disposable cotton swab and transported to Amies Agar jell and transported to microbiology lab within 24 hours. Laboratory report was collected and reviewed by researcher regarding positive or negative culture for GBS. Patients with positive GBS culture were given intrapartum antibiotics. RESULTS: In our study, out of 350 cases, with the mean age of 26.92+4.84 years. Frequency of GBS colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy was recorded in 12.29% while remaining 87.71% had no findings of the morbidity. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the frequency of GBS colonization of vagina in women at 35-37 week pregnancy is not very higher and in accordance with other regions of our country, but routine screening may further decline its incidence. KEYWORDS: Pregnancy, last trimester, Group B Streptococcal colonization of vagin

The n-exponential convexity for majorization inequality for functions of two variables and related results

We apply the refined method of producing n-exponential convex functions of J. Pečarić and J. Perić to extend some known results on majorization type and related inequalities

Is Mean Platelet Volume is a Predictor of Pre-Eclampsia and Its Severity

Objective: To determine the worth of mean platelet volume in the prediction of risk and severity of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. A sample of 200 patients was taken by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients were divide in three groups as Normal Blood pressure, mild pre eclampsia and sever pre eclampsia according to Blood pressure recording.  The age, gravidity, parity, number of abortions, gestational weeks were documented. Platelet counts, and mean platelet volume values were recorded. Data was analyzed using the software SPSS v.23. One way ANOVA test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total number of 200 patients were enrolled in this study of which 94 patients were normal, seventy were mildly pre-eclamptic and 36 were severely pre-eclamptic. The mean age, gravidity, parity, no. of abortions and gestational weeks of the patients were 28.24±5.82 years, 2.89±1.25, 1.25±0.97, 0.65±0.86, and 29.35±4.77 weeks, respectively. The platelet count of normal patients, in mildly pre-eclamptic and in severely pre-eclamptic was 263200.7±53918.6, 201546.49±36916.36 and 170379.61±34475.69, respectively. The difference was statistically significant, (p= 0.000). The mean platelet volume of normal patients, in mildly pre-eclamptic and in severely pre-eclamptic was 7.58±1.14, 8.44±1.42, and 9.36±1.12 FL, respectively. The difference was also statistically significant, (p=0.000).Conclusion: Current study reveals that platelet count and mean platelet volume vary according to severity of pre-eclampsia. Platelet count decreases while mean platelet volume increases with increase in severity of pre-eclampsia. Subsequently, platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio also decreases with increasing severity. In short, these parameters can be helpful in predicting the risk and severity of pre-eclampsia at a much lower cost. Keywords: pre-eclampsia, platelet count, mean platelet volum