A Novel Scalable Multicast Mesh Routing Protocol for Mobile ad hoc Networks

In recent years the use of portable and wireless equipment is becoming more widespread, and as in many situations communication infrastructure might not be available, wireless networks such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly important. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that exchanges data over wireless paths. The nodes in this network are free to move at any time, therefore the network topology changes in an unpredictable way. Since there is no fixed infrastructure support in mobile ad hoc networks, each node functions as a host and a router. Due to mobility, continuous change in topology, limited bandwidth, and reliance on batteries; designing a reliable and scalable routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging task. Multicast routing protocols have been developed for routing packets in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing protocols suffer from overheads and scalability. As the number of senders, groups, and mobility speed increases, the routing overhead and the packet collision increases, and therefore the packet delivery ratio decreases. Thus none of the existing proposed multicast routing protocols perform well in every situation. In this study a novel multicast routing protocol for ad hoc networks is proposed. It is an efficient and scalable routing protocol, and named Network Sender Multicast Routing Protocol (NSMRP). NSMRP is a reactive mesh based multicast routing protocol. A central node called mesh sender (MS) is selected periodically from among the group(s) sender(s) to create one mesh in order to be used in forwarding control and data packets to all multicast group(s) member(s). One invitation message will be periodically flooded to all group(s) member(s) by MS to join the group(s). The proposed routing protocol is evaluated by simulation and compared with a well known routing protocol. The results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn

The Portrayal Of Women In Advertisements: A Critical Analysis Of The Role, Participation, And Empowerment

The study qualitatively explores several past and recent advertisements that have evolved, conflicting and defeating women's roles in society. The study further discusses how advertisements have accelerated the concept of 'emphasized femininity' (Patterson et al., 2009) through the inevitable maledominated population discussed by Brule (2020). It contributes to an ever-expanding challenge of gender disparity, stereotyping women and docile responsibilities, thereby propagating inequalities through the digital and printed advertising world. The objective of the research is to purposely select regular advertisements and their symbolic representation that might have promoted women's engagement, their struggle, either responsible for identity stagnation or an expansive identity. The paper has strategically reviewed popular content that uncovers to transform societal myth and women objectification in restoring their equal natural existence. The study concludes the usage and abuses of advertisement concordant to inter-disciplinary inquiry into the laws, policies, and sociopolitical activities within a democratic state

A Critical Analysis of Policy Initiatives for Empowering the Other Gender

Women account for almost 50 % of the populace of any nation; therefore, their contribution to growth cannot be overlooked. Females are unquestionably the foundation of every civilization, performing numerous tasks every day. They have, nevertheless, been a marginalized section of the community in many areas of the globe. Female’s roles in India have always been much larger than their social definitions, which reflect the overall gender prejudice. A country cannot achieve its long-term goals without trained women since women are the moms who write a generation’s destiny. Chetan Sanghi, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Women and Child Development, once said: “We would like to change the paradigm to women-led development”. In India, female rights have improved dramatically in the past several years. In India, a significant number of females are leaving their homes to pursue education. To restore their rightful and dignified status, governments, NGO’s, various agencies have initiated empowerment programmes that deliver a powerful basis to raising the internal solid point in addition to self-worth for the rural females. The Indian government has proclaimed 2001 to be the year of female liberation. The Rajya Sabha approved the Female’s Quota Bill on March 9, 2010, one day after International Women’s Day, guaranteeing 33 % seats for women in parliament and state parliaments. Now is the moment to recognize the importance of women’s empowerment via knowledge and leadership advancement in a fast-growing nation like India. This article aims to examine problems connected to female liberation and to provide solutions in the form of different government policies to achieve this goal.Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number (PSAU/2023/R/1444

The Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum against Candida albicans Associated with Denture Stomatitis

In this study Candida speices was diagnosed in 26 swab samples from patients with denture stomatitis , investigates the antagonism activity of Lactobacillus was investigated against the yeast of Candida albicans in vitro.Results revealed that The inhibition effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria against C.albicans was examined in solid medium, L.plantarum gave higher inhibition average 11mm followed by L.acidophillus with average 9 mm and, L.fermentum , L.casei with averages 7 mm. Whereas the filtrates, the highest inhibition zone were 20 and 16 mm by L. plantarum and L.acidophillus, respectively

A novel scalable multicast mesh routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

In recent years the use of portable and wireless equipment is becoming more widespread, and as in many situations communication infrastructure might not be available, wireless networks such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly important. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that exchanges data over wireless paths. The nodes in this network are free to move at any time, therefore the network topology changes in an unpredictable way. Since there is no fixed infrastructure support in mobile ad hoc networks, each node functions as a host and a router. Due to mobility, continuous change in topology, limited bandwidth, and reliance on batteries; designing a reliable and scalable routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging task. Multicast routing protocols have been developed for routing packets in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing protocols suffer from overheads and scalability. As the number of senders, groups, and mobility speed increases, the routing overhead and the packet collision increases, and therefore the packet delivery ratio decreases. Thus none of the existing proposed multicast routing protocols perform well in every situation. In this study a novel multicast routing protocol for ad hoc networks is proposed. It is an efficient and scalable routing protocol, and named Network Sender Multicast Routing Protocol (NSMRP). NSMRP is a reactive mesh based multicast routing protocol. A central node called mesh sender (MS) is selected periodically from among the group(s) sender(s) to create one mesh in order to be used in forwarding control and data packets to all multicast group(s) member(s). One invitation message will be periodically flooded to all group(s) member(s) by MS to join the group(s). The proposed routing protocol is evaluated by simulation and compared with a well known routing protocol. The results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Implementasi Protokol OAuth 1.0 Sebagai Autentikasi pada Aplikasi SMS Blast Berbasis Android

Keamanan dalam pertukaran data pada aplikasi mobile berbasis Android merupakan sebuah hal penting yang perlu dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini telah dikembangkan sebuah aplikasi SMS Blast berbasis Android yang menggunakan protokol OAuth 1.0 sebagai sebuah model autentikasi client-server untuk mengamankan pengambilan data nomor telepon melalui web service berbasis RESTful. Data nomor telepon yang digunakan adalah  nomor  telepon  alumni  Unsyiah  yang  diperoleh dari  database  Exit  Survey  CDC  Unsyiah.  Untuk pengambilan data disiapkan sebuah Application Programming Interface (API) berbasis RESTful yang selanjutnya proses pertukaran data diamankan dengan menggunakan protokol OAuth 1.0. Dengan mengimplementasikan protokol autentikasi OAuth diharapkan dapat mengurangi kemungkinan serangan dan pencurian data

Reconstruction of a midfacial defect using an intraoral-extraoral combination prosthesis employing magnets: a clinical report

Radical maxillectomy frequently leads to extended defects in hard and soft tissues that result in a connection between the oral cavities and orbit. If the defect cannot be surgically reconstructed, a combination prosthesis may be necessary to remedy dysfunction in patient function, comfort, esthetics. For minor defects, enlargement of the base of the intra oral prosthesis is generally sufficient. Resections that affect more than one third of the maxilla usually require an intra oral and an extra oral prosthesis that could be assembled and retained in the patient. This clinical report describes a technique of prosthetic rehabilitation of midfacial defect with a silicone orbital prosthesis and intra oral obturator that are retained by magnets