環境およびエネルギーシステムのためのメソポーラス金属酸化物の表面化学反応

早大学位記番号:新6467早稲田大

Man, environment and place identity

The Egyptian built environment has been influenced by different forces and cultural baggages carried by the international mass media and technology. This has resulted in serious change in people's attituude and the common sense they share towards the architectural identity of their places. People became unable to associate themselves with clearly defined quality of buildings or spaces. Nowaday, the experience of aesthetic values is created by inauthentic architectural features and solutions leading to a sense of alientation and lack of belongings.The thesis's message is that in order to produce appropriate design solutions it is crucial and inevitable to consider their context. This is seen as an amalgamation of multiple physical and deep structured factors interacting within an inseparable whole. It is also important to re- establish that contrary to what is seen in the literature, these factors are not arbitrary but operate within a specific system of intricate and highly complicated network of interrelated relationships. In order to verify such notions the thesis came out with its own Model to identify the various components involved in the system and most importantly define the structure of their relationships. This was an outcome of an extensive research and analysis of the Egyptian culture through its history and its ecological and social backgrounds. This thesis has made reference to many views and theories within Man -Environment area which were initially produced either independently from each other or been put in a way which lacks coherence. As a result many of these theories have been re- examined and critically analysed to conform to the objectives and requirements of the Egyptian context. This study has suggested that credibility of any theory of environment is achieved only when both physical and subjective forces are seen within their own system.In order to make such notions available and accessible within the Architectural language, the concept of identity was chosen as it forms one of the most popular terms with concerns many architects as well as the ordinary people generally and in Egypt in particular. Identity was seen as an abstract of the multiple forces within that whole. It can be seen also as a holistic tool of evaluation and testing. The thesis has argued in its concluding section that disturbances in these systems will lead to damage to the sustainability of societies which will lead to perceived change in identity. Therefore, in order to maintain sustainability it is important to study the system which includes the cultural and ecological dimensions of each particular society. One may notice the emphasis now given to the physical criteria as inappropriate approach. This is because many of the cultural manifestations and features are products of peoples awareness of functional aspects such as climate, local resources, topography which became symbols and cultural values defining identity of that society.Seen from this point of view the thesis has benefited very much from the concept of identity in shading light on numerous issues which are in particular related to architecture in my country. This however was done through evoking awareness of the Egyptian character leaving the translation of identity to the architects themselves. My idea was that having done this architects will find extremely rich source of inspirations for innovative and creative designs which are nostalgic to the culture of their society

The performance of the supra-annular Top-Hat aortic valves compared to the standard Carbomedics valves

Background: The CarboMedics Top-Hat aortic valve prosthesis was designed to be implanted in a supra-annular position. This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic performance of the Top-Hat aortic prostheses versus the standard CarboMedics aortic valve prostheses. Methods: The study included 98 patients who had aortic valve replacement and were divided into two groups. Group A included 60 patients who had standard aortic valve prostheses, and Group B included 38 patients who had the Top-Hat aortic prostheses. The study endpoints were hospital outcomes, the effective orifice area, and the pressure gradient during a one-year follow-up. Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline echocardiographic data and risk factors between the groups. The patients who had Top-Hat aortic prosthesis were younger, with a mean age of 47.5 (44-55) years, and those who had the standard prosthesis were 53.5 (48-56) years old (P= 0.02). The cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly less in the Top-Hat prosthesis group with an average of 78 min (75- 81) compared to 88 min (84- 95) in the other group (P ˂0.001). The effective orifice surface area was significantly larger in the group with Top-Hat prosthesis; 0.9 mm/m2 (0.88- 0.92) compared to 0.84 mm/m 2 (0.79- 0.87) for the standard aortic valve prosthesis group (P ˂0.001). The pressure gradient over the aortic valve decreased significantly postoperatively (coefficient -1.98 (-2.21- -1.75); P˂0.001). Patients with Top-Hat valves had significantly lower gradient (coefficient: -4.22 (-6.61- -1.82); P= 0.001), while age had no effect on the pressure gradient (coefficient: 0.1 ( -0.07- 0.27); P= 0.25). Conclusion: The Top-Hat CarboMedics prostheses could be superior to the standard CarboMedics aortic valve prosthesis regarding the effective orifice area and pressure gradient over the valve

The Elements of Environment incubator for Competitive Research projects in Egyptian Universities: A prospective study

The study aimed to reach elements of the environment incubator for university research projects, and identify the nature of the research projects at universities. To achieve this, a Delphi research method was used to identify the views of experts in the elements of the environment incubator for research projects at Egyptian universities, in three successive rounds. The study ended to provide future vision for the elements of the environment incubator for research projects in Egyptian universities in the light of the views of experts

Dispersed Ag2O/Ag on CNT-Graphene Composite: An Implication for Magnificent Photoreduction and Energy Storage Applications

A simple hydrothermal route assisted by a triblock copolymer was used to synthesize Ag2O/Ag nanoparticles on a robotic support consists of functionalized MWCNTs and graphene composite (Ag2O/Ag/CNT-graphene). The composites together with the individual analog of Ag/CNT and Ag/graphene were characterized by means of XRD, TEM-SAED, N2 sorptiometry, Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. These nanomaterials were then tested for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to the technologically beneficial 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The Ag2O@Ag@CNT-graphene composite calcined at 400°C has shown fascinating reduction performances for 4-NP either in the dark (k = 0.014 s−1) or under visible light illumination (k = 0.039 s−1) in the presence of 5 mM NaBH4 compared to Ag/CNT (0.0112 s−1) and Ag/graphene (0.010 s−1) catalysts. This was chiefly because Ag2O@Ag@CNT-graphene comprises the highest pore volume (0.49 cm3/g) and involves three types of pores in the margin from 1.8 to 4.0 nm in front of only one modal type of pores for the rest of the catalysts and thus maximizes the adsorptive capacity of the reactants (4-NP and NaBH4). Moreover, the former composite exhibits the highest concentration of the Ag2O component as established by numerous techniques in addition to the cyclic voltammetry, proposing it's facile reaction with 4-NP along with the simultaneous transfer of surface hydrogen and electrons from NaBH4 ions to produce 4-AP. The promotion of the p-n junction evaluated using the Mott-schottky equation on Ag2O@Ag@CNT-graphene assisted by charges separation and surface plasmon resonance bands of Ag and Ag2O are found to be advantageous for 4-NP reduction. The latter composite delivers a specific capacitance of 355 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 exceeding those of Ag/CNT (230 F g−1) and Ag/graphene (185 F g−1). The EIS study establishes the high electronic conductivity of the metallic Ag and Ag2O moieties, low internal resistance of CNT-graphene as well as the marked ionic transfer facilitated by the composite porous nature

Antioxidant activity and mineral composition of three Mediterranean common seaweeds from Abu-Qir Bay, Egypt

AbstractAntioxidant activity and mineral composition were evaluated seasonally from spring to autumn 2010 in the three common seaweeds Ulva lactuca Linnaeus (Chlorophyta), Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux and Pterocladia capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Bornet (Rhodophyta). The antioxidant activity was measured with β-carotene, total phenol content and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Seaweeds were collected from the rocky site near Boughaz El-Maadya Abu-Qir Bay of Alexandria, Egypt. The results showed maximum increase of β-carotene in P. capillacea during summer. A significant increase in total phenolic content at P⩽0.05 was found in the red alga (J. rubens) during summer. Also, U. lactuca showed the maximum antioxidant scavenging activity especially during summer. Minerals in all investigated samples were higher than those in conventional edible vegetables. Na/K ratio ranged between 0.78 and 2.4mg/100g, which is a favorable value. All trace metals exceeded the recommended doses by Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI). During summer season, it was found that Cu=2.02±0.13 and Cr=0.46±0.14mg/100g in U. lactuca and Fe had a suitable concentration (18.37±0.5mg/100g) in P. capillacea. The studied species were rich in carotenoids, phenolic compounds, DPPH free radicals and minerals, therefore, they can be used as potential source of health food in human diets and may be of use to food industry

Does obesity affect the plasma level of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1? And does CO2 pneumoperitoneum affect it?

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective controlled study was designed to evaluate the effect of obesity on the plasma level of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and also to evaluate the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the plasma level of PAI-1 in patients underwent laparoscopic surgery.MethodsThe study included two groups; first group (non obese) included 30 patients with normal average BMI underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy while the second group included 30 obese patients with BMI>30kg/m2 underwent laparoscopic band ligation or fundoplication surgery. Five ml of venous blood was collected from each patient in the non obese group once before induction of anesthesia while three venous blood samples (5ml) were collected from each patient in the obese group as follows: first sample was taken before induction of anesthesia to compare it with the non obese group, second sample was taken after 1h of CO2 insufflations (to know the effect of CO2 insufflations on PAI-1 level) and third sample was taken 1week after surgery (to know the remaining effect in the postoperative period).ResultsThe level of PAI-1 was significantly high (5.423±2.5ng/ml) in the obese patients compared to non obese patients (1.4±0.641ng/ml) (P value=0.001). The level of PAI-1 was significantly high after CO2 insufflations compared to baseline level (6.396±2.542ng/ml vs. 5.423±2.5ng/ml) in obese group (P value=0.001). And this level also showed significant increase up to 1week (6.01±2.492ng/ml vs. 5.423±2.5ng/ml) (P value=0.028) in the obese group.ConclusionThe PAI-1 level was higher in obese patients when compared to non obese patients. PAI-1 level was elevated after CO2 insufflations and this elevation did not reach base line level up to 1week after laparoscopic surgery