Ideas-driven endogenous growth and standard-essential patents

In this paper, we study the impact of standard-essential status for patents on production possibilities of the economy and long-term growth. As we show, the innovators’ risk of losing the standard-setting game ex-ante attenuates the anticipation of a larger market share. Moreover, when the discovery rate of new technologies is smaller than the discounting rate of the monopoly profits, standards and standard- essential patents tend to be growth-reducing, despite a conjectured positive contribution of standards to the marginal productivity of human capital. Market failures associated with patent abuse have been treated historically by various measures ranging from compulsory licensing to imposing reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) pricing on essential technologies. We show that mandated compulsory licensing has a negative impact on long-term growth, while a voluntary FRAND pricing together with faster rates of follow-up innovations may be growth-enhancing

Uniform Wavelet-Approximation of Singular Integral Equation Solutions

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. In this article we consider a singular integral equation of the first kind with a Cauchy kernel on a segment of the real axis, which is a mathematical model of many applied problems. It is known that such an equation is exactly solved only in rare cases, therefore, the problem of its approximate solution with obtaining uniform error estimates is very actual. This equation is considered on a pair of weighted spaces that are constrictions of the space of continuous functions. The correctness of the problem of solving this equation on a chosen pair of spaces of the desired elements and right-hand sides gives the possibility of its approximate solution with a theoretical justification. The numerical method proposed in this article is based on the approximation of the unknown function by Chebyshev wavelets of the second kind. Uniform error estimates are established depending on the structural properties of the initial data. The numerical experiment in the Wolfram Mathematica package showed a good convergence rate of the approximate solution to the exact one

The Interpretative Field Of Concept “Fire” In English And Tatar Conceptual Spheres

The study of concepts, difficult mentally and culturally-relevant concepts, which occupy a priority place in the national consciousness, remains one of the most modern and urgent problems of linguistic knowledge engineering science and linguistics. The article provides an overview of the main approaches to the study of the concept, its structure and content, as well as classification of concepts, conducted on various grounds. In the practical part of the article the main attention focuses on the description of the interpretive field of the concept "Fire", the identification of its general and specific cognitive signs in both English and Tatar languages. In this article, the interpretative field of the analyzed concepts is structured by phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, each of which reveals its part. Despite the fact that the concept "Fire" can be attributed to the generic units of the information base of the person, forming the naive picture of the world of any nation, there are certain national-specific features of the cognitive language environment which are identified at the level of the interpretation field.

The institutional aspect of public-private partnership mechanism improvement

The article deals with the problems of public-private partnership (PPP) institutional ystem, the solution of which will contribute to the rationalization of the interaction between government and business, which makes a direct impact on production efficiency improvement and the rate of a country economic growth

Investigation of organizational and personal factors of professional burnout of personnel in the consulting organization

Professional burnout is a process of gradual decrease in the intensity of emotional, cognitive and physical energy, accompanied by emotional, mental exhaustion and physical fatigue, personal detachment and a decrease in satisfaction in the employee's wok in the organization. Professional burnout of employees of the consulting companies is characterized by a decrease in the evaluation of competence and the value of their activities, emotional exhaustion. The following factors have the greatest influence on the formation and development of this state: material satisfaction with work (the probability of developing the syndrome of professional burnout increases with an increase in the level of material satisfaction, since a career growth and, accordingly, salaries assume greater responsibility and additional workload), marital status (the persons being in a registered marriage have a lower level of professional burnout than those who are in a civil marriage and have no relationships)), state of health (health problems contribute to the emergence of professional burnout syndrome), work experience in the company (more experienced employees have a less pronounced professional burnout syndrome).The organizational factors of professional burnout are inconsistency of work performed with salaries, high load, multitasking. Role factors have little effect on the professional burnout of employees of the consulting companies

To the question of comparative study of lexico-semantic fields in the english and tatar languages

The present study lies in the mainstream of the paradigmatic semantics of language and deals with a semantic field structure. The urgency of the problem being studied is due to the fact that the field is a structural language organization that allows of studying the diverse aspects of lexical units. This paper briefly describes the main trends in the development of the theory of semantic fields in general and lexico-semantic and thematic groups in particular. The purpose of this work is structuring and analyzing the lexical and semantic field “Water” in English and Tatar, highlighting their common and specific structural and semantic features. The discrepancy in the semantics of equivalent words or the absence of any concepts in any culture being revealed by methods of continuous sampling and component analysis can be due to the natural features of the terrain, the living conditions and the way of life of the people.

Analysis of scientific and technical activity resourcing in Russia

The article analyses the resourcing of scientific and technical activities in the Russian economy. We identified the influence of crisis phenomena of 2014-2015 on the state of scientific and technological potential, which manifested itself in the following: the outflow of highly skilled specialists abroad and the reduction in the number of personnel engaged in scientific research and development, which reduced the provision of scientific and technical potential with human resources; the decline in the number of advanced technologies used by Russian researchers and scientific organizations, due to increased tensions in the geopolitical situation affecting the trade relations of the countries; the increasing risk of lagging by the Russian science development from the rest of the world's scientific community; the reduction in the volume of financing of scientific and technical activities in real terms, etc

Human capital as a factor in improving the competitiveness of the region

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study deals with the condition and special aspects in the development of human capital in the region by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the context of globalization, advancement of communication systems and methods for the generation of new technologies, one of the important factors in business success is not just a high level of professional staffskills and their corresponding level of real capital but also the formation of abilities by an employee to adapt quickly to the high turbulence of the modern business environment. Therefore, investments in the development of the entire set of conditions providing a high level of accumulation for quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human capital are the most significant among the priorities of state and non-state expenditures

Triphenilphosphonium Analogs of Chloramphenicol as Dual-Acting Antimicrobial and Antiproliferating Agents

Activitat antibiòtica; Ribosoma bacterià; Simulacions de dinàmica molecularActividad antibiótica; Ribosoma bacteriano; Simulaciones de dinámica molecularAntibiotic activity; Bacterial ribosome; Molecular dynamics simulationsIn the current work, in continuation of our recent research, we synthesized and studied new chimeric compounds, including the ribosome-targeting antibiotic chloramphenicol (CHL) and the membrane-penetrating cation triphenylphosphonium (TPP), which are linked by alkyl groups of different lengths. Using various biochemical assays, we showed that these CAM-Cn-TPP compounds bind to the bacterial ribosome, inhibit protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo in a way similar to that of the parent CHL, and significantly reduce membrane potential. Similar to CAM-C4-TPP, the mode of action of CAM-C10-TPP and CAM-C14-TPP in bacterial ribosomes differs from that of CHL. By simulating the dynamics of CAM-Cn-TPP complexes with bacterial ribosomes, we proposed a possible explanation for the specificity of the action of these analogs in the translation process. CAM-C10-TPP and CAM-C14-TPP more strongly inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria, as compared to CHL, and suppress some CHL-resistant bacterial strains. Thus, we have shown that TPP derivatives of CHL are dual-acting compounds targeting both the ribosomes and cellular membranes of bacteria. The TPP fragment of CAM-Cn-TPP compounds has an inhibitory effect on bacteria. Moreover, since the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells possess qualities similar to those of their prokaryotic ancestors, we demonstrate the possibility of targeting chemoresistant cancer cells with these compounds.This research was funded by RFBR [grants 20-04-00873 to N.V.S. (synthesis of analogs, binding assays, in vitro translation), 20-015-00537 to P.A.N. (potential measurement, screening of TolC-containing transporters), and 20-54-76002 to I.A.O. (toeprinting and in vitro translation)], President grant MD 2626.2021.1.4 to I.A.O. (bacteria inhibition assays), grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III: PI17/02087 to A.L. (cancer cell proliferation assays) by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [grant FENU-2020-0019 to G.I.M. (molecular dynamics simulations)] and by the Government of the Russian Federation [No. AAAA-A17-117120570004-6 to A.A.B.]

The study of carbohydrate composition of chicory products

The main products produced from chicory in the food industry are soluble roasted chicory, roasted crushed chicory, chicory flour, inulin, oligofructose and others. Fried products are used as a substitute for coffee, because it is caffeine-free and has coffee taste and aroma. Chicory flour is used in the production of bakery products. Inulin and oligofructose are widely used in the manufacture of bakery and dairy products. The aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the products from chicory. The objects of research in this research work were Fried chicory (Leroux), Instant chicory (Leroux), Instant chicory (LLC Flagistom), Instant chicory with hawthorn (Iceberg Ltd and K), Instant chicory (LLC SlavKofe), Instant chicory (Ltd. Around the World), Instant chicory (LLC Favorit), Instant chicory (LLC Beta +), Dried Chirory and Dried crushed chicory № 1,2,3 (LLC Sovremennik), Chicory flour (Leroux), Inulin and Oligofructose (Spinnrad GmbH). Determination of fructans and their average degree of polymerization, the content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, which are contained in foods from chicory was carried out using biochemical method with kit Sucrose / D-Glucose / D-Fructose (R-Biopharm). Studies are suggested that fried chicory products do not contain fructans. Dried products of chicory are contained inulin, the contents of which are about 60–70%, and contained other biologically active substances. Content of fructans in commercial products, such as inulin and oligofructose is about 93% and 79%