The Impacts of Post-task Activities on Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Achievements

As learners’ proficiency is more important than their abstract knowledge of the language rules, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is of crucial values today. Task-based instruction has three phases: pre-task, during-task, and post-task. Studies have demonstrated that all of them might play a significant role in language teaching. Moreover, recent studies have compared different tasks over time. However, it is still unclear how different phases of a task impact learners’ language ability. To better understand this issue, this particular study investigated the effect of post-task activities on EFL learners’ reading achievements. To conduct the study, 47 Iranian EFL learners in a private language institute in Esfahan, Iran were selected. The participants were assigned into three groups randomly (two experimental groups and one control group). Through ten sessions (five weeks), the participants learned how to focus on post-task activities such as reflection on the task and repeated performance in a task-based instruction. The required data were collected through pretest, posttest, and semi-structured interview. After the course, semi-structured interviews were also conducted with five students from experimental groups. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data indicated that post-task activities have a significant effect on learners’ language proficiency, their reading achievements, and their motivation to participate in classroom tasks. The implementation and discussions were also discussed

Introducing the Effectiveness of Group Training of Hope on the rate of Hope and Fear of Failure among Female Martial Artists

Abstrac

Emotional experiences and psychological well-being in 51 countries during the covid-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to psychological well-being, but how can we predict when people suffer or cope during sustained stress? Here, we test the prediction that specific types of momentary emotional experiences are differently linked to psychological well-being during the pandemic. Study 1 used survey data collected from 24,221 participants in 51 countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. We show that, across countries, well-being is linked to individuals’ recent emotional experiences, including calm, hope, anxiety, loneliness, and sadness. Consistent results are found in two age, sex, and ethnicity-representative samples in the United Kingdom (n = 971) and the United States (n = 961) with preregistered analyses (Study 2). A prospective 30-day daily diary study conducted in the United Kingdom (n = 110) confirms the key role of these five emotions and demonstrates that emotional experiences precede changes in well-being (Study 3). Our findings highlight differential relationships between specific types of momentary emotional experiences and well-being and point to the cultivation of calm and hope as candidate routes for well-being interventions during periods of sustained stress

Analysis Synoptic Patterns for Forest Fires Risk in Northern of Iran

Iran is one of the countries in the Middle East and North of Africa that face high risk in terms of wildfire occurrence in forested areas. We had used the record data SLP, 850 and 500hpa, temperature, precipitation, relativity humidity, speed and direction wind and forest fire day by IRIMO Golestan province. Data of SLP, 850 and 500hpaduring study period extracted from NCEP/NCAR data site. At first, the forest fire day’s record by NRWM Golestan province. The addition, topography data obtain of DEM layers. The results show that: In the case of fire, wind speed increased, temperature 2 to 6cº will be increased but the relative humidity and precipitation are decrease trend. The analysis upper air data show that the fire occurred on the warm advection and increasing the thickness of the atmosphere in 1000- 500 hPa level. Other results obtained from the difference between warm season and cold season is the wind flow pattern. In cold season, the flow of the south (the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf) and Alborz Mountains creates a foehn wind (Germich) and warm season the Azores high-pressure tab control and a low pressure (thermal low) in the heat in the desert of Turkmenistan suitable for northern wind and fires are created. Therefore, these patterns are reason wildland fire in Golestan province

Recovery of Quadriceps Strength and Knee Function Using Adjuvant EMG-BF After Primary ACL Reconstruction: Recovery of Quadriceps Using EMG-BF

Introduction: Immobility and limited usage of operated limbs lead to weakness and atrophy of the muscle after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, training programs for preventing biomechanical risk factors such as lower limb alignment and increased muscular contraction are very limited. Thus, the current study was carried out to evaluate the recovery of quadriceps muscle strength and the improvement of knee function using adjuvant electromyographic biofeedback after ACL reconstruction.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among 40 patients (20=EMGBF group, 20=Control group) with ACL reconstruction, who were referred to Akhtar Hospital from 2021 to 2022. In the EMG-BF group, EMG BFB was added to the standard rehabilitation protocol, and in the control group, the standard rehabilitation protocol with a full postoperative weight-bearing, knee brace (zero degrees of extension, 90 degrees of flexion), and electrical stimulation with maximal voluntary isometric knee extension was performed. Each group was intervened for 4 weeks and three sessions of 30 minutes per week. It should be noted that each patient participated in 16 outpatient physiotherapy sessions after surgery. Nicholas Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD) was used for measuring quadriceps strength, and Knee Outcome Survey-Activities of Daily Living (KOS-ADLs) and Knee Outcome Survey Sports Activities Scale (KOS-SAS) questionnaires were used for assessing the knee function.Results: Four weeks after the treatment, the EMG-BF group showed a significant increase in quadriceps strength (P=0.0001). Quadriceps strength had a significant difference before and after 4 weeks of intervention (P=0.0001), but in the control group, no significant difference was observed (P=0.368). The EMG-BF group had a significant increase in KOS-ADLs and KOS-SAS scores after 4 weeks of intervention.Conclusion: EMG-BF is a low-risk, low-cost, and less invasive intervention and has high safety and adjustment ability. It is a valuable adjuvant method for achieving better functional recovery in a shorter time