Local Electricity Market Operation in Presence of Residential Energy Storage in Low Voltage Distribution Network: Role of Retail Market Pricing

Local Electricity Market (LEM) appears as a promising consumer-centric market-based approach that extends the self-consumption method, widely implemented in residential households, to collective self-consumption in the local energy communities, enabled through peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions. To facilitate the integration of LEM in the wholesale electricity market (WEM), it is paramount to comprehend the synergy of retail electricity pricing on the LEM operation hosted in the low-voltage distribution network (LVDN). The paper presents a co-simulation framework consisting of a local electricity market model coupled with a three-phase distribution network simulator to perform a holistic case study for a smart energy community in Ireland. The novel contribution of the work is to explore the potential of local electricity trading in the presence of residential energy storage (ES), under different retail pricing schemes existent in Ireland, by evaluating economic benefits to the energy community and network performance of three-phase LVDN. Extensive simulation studies indicate that the presence of residential ES significantly boosts P2P transactions under static time-of-use (SToU) pricing. These P2P transactions are primarily contributed by energy arbitrage (among customers in LEM) in the winter and surplus PV-generated electricity in the summer. On the other hand, the scheduling of ES under SToU pricing deteriorates the network performance of LVDN in winter, showing the highest active power loss and under-voltage scenario among all the cases. Another unique aspect of LVDN is the voltage unbalance studied and found to be highly correlated with ES operation under SToU pricing. Recommendations have been made to the relevant stakeholders and market actors, identifying key aspects necessary to roll out the LEM under retail electricity pricing schemes

Hosting a community-based local electricity market in a residential network

This paper presents the potential of building a local electricity market (LEM) to boost the deployment of the local energy communities, centred around active customers with distributed energy resources (DERs). To conduct a comprehensive and detailed study on different cases with reduced computational burdens, this paper adopts a simplified modelling approach where the market and network model simulations are performed in a cascaded, decoupled fashion. This allows achieving the optimal LEM output for the energy community with different DER assets that are not bounded by the network constraints. The investigation involves quantifying the benefits brought by LEM to energy communities by tapping the flexibility associated with trading inside the energy community. Moreover, it presents the influence of different types of DERs (mainly photovoltaics (PV) and energy storage (ES)) in customers\u27 premises on the outcome of the LEM. The LEM demonstrates successfully the reduction of cost associated with the energy purchased from the energy retailer and maximises the consumption of locally generated clean electricity. Among the studied DER portfolios, the combination of PV and ES solution shows the highest economic potential but deteriorates the voltage profiles and shows high active power loss in the winter month among all the cases examined

Impact of distributed energy resources in smart homes and community-based electricity market

The transformation of passive to energy-active consumers in smart homes has been enabled by the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and demand-side management technologies. Building a smart community-based electricity market (SCEM) centred around a local energy community has the potential to expedite this transformation by tapping the flexibility associated with peer-to-peer energy transactions inside the community. The paper presents a systematic approach to quantifying the benefits of smart homes, starting from the energy-passive to energy-active homes under SCEM with intermediate stages identifying smart homes with DERs. The investigation also includes the impact of seasonal variations with contrasting characteristics. Smart homes with solar PV and energy storage (ES) under SCEM achieve maximum savings of 50% and 36.6% for the summer and winter months, respectively, and SCEM boosts consumption of localised green energy by a further 31% in the summer month. ES leverages the smart homes gain significantly through self-consumption and energy arbitrage. However, the operation of ES under SCEM in the winter month reduces the network's voltage stability. The study is conducted based on real-life measurements from an energy community in Ireland. Recommendations are made further to boost the transition of smart homes toward the decarbonisation of smart grid networks

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Local Electricity Market operation in presence of residential energy storage in low voltage distribution network: Role of retail market pricing

Local Electricity Market (LEM) appears as a promising consumer-centric market-based approach that extends the self-consumption method, widely implemented in residential households, to collective self-consumption in the local energy communities, enabled through peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions. To facilitate the integration of LEM in the wholesale electricity market (WEM), it is paramount to comprehend the synergy of retail electricity pricing on the LEM operation hosted in the low-voltage distribution network (LVDN). The paper presents a co-simulation framework consisting of a local electricity market model coupled with a three-phase distribution network simulator to perform a holistic case study for a smart energy community in Ireland. The novel contribution of the work is to explore the potential of local electricity trading in the presence of residential energy storage (ES), under different retail pricing schemes existent in Ireland, by evaluating economic benefits to the energy community and network performance of three-phase LVDN. Extensive simulation studies indicate that the presence of residential ES significantly boosts P2P transactions under static time-of-use (SToU) pricing. These P2P transactions are primarily contributed by energy arbitrage (among customers in LEM) in the winter and surplus PV-generated electricity in the summer. On the other hand, the scheduling of ES under SToU pricing deteriorates the network performance of LVDN in winter, showing the highest active power loss and under-voltage scenario among all the cases. Another unique aspect of LVDN is the voltage unbalance studied and found to be highly correlated with ES operation under SToU pricing. Recommendations have been made to the relevant stakeholders and market actors, identifying key aspects necessary to roll out the LEM under retail electricity pricing schemes

Integration of Distributed Energy Generation in Energy Citizen side:Key Barriers and Enablers

Distributed energy generations (DEGs) form one of the main pillars enabling DER at the citizens and residential premises. Effective deployment of these resources has a key role in the energy transition's success. Compared to the other energy sector stakeholders, citizens have many specificities that need to be addressed. Analysing and meeting the needs and securing potential engagement in the energy transition is more complicated than dealing with organisations, companies or institutions. This paper thus very specifically analyse the DEG citizen empowerment barriers and main enablers. It examines main challenges and bottlenecks, identifies key enablers, reviews good practices and suggests actions to achieve a smooth and efficient energy transition.</p

Identification of Gaps and Barriers in Regulations, Standards, and Network Codes to Energy Citizen Participation in the Energy Transition

The success of the energy transition in Europe depends on the engagement of citizens and the sustainable replacement of conventional generation with renewable production. Highlights of the PAN European Technology Energy Research Approach (PANTERA) project, a H2020 coordination and support action, are presented in this paper. In broad terms, PANTERA offers a forum for actors in the smart grid to support the expansion of activities in smart grid research, demonstration, and innovation, especially in the below-average spending member states in the European Union (EU). The focus of this paper is on those activities of the project consortium related to the identification of gaps and barriers in regulations, standards, and network codes that hinder the sustainable engagement of energy citizens in the energy transition. The paper summarises the challenges to citizen engagement in the energy transit and considers the enablers that make the engagement of citizens viable, e.g., demand response (DR), renewable energy resources (RESs), and modern designs for local energy markets (LEMs). We focus on the barriers to the enablers that are explicitly and implicitly related to regulations, standards, and network codes and explore aspects of the relevant regulations and standards of the sample below-average spending member states. A specific case study of a research and demonstration project in Ireland for updating the network codes is also presented to demonstrate the ways in which member states are attempting to remove the barriers and enable citizen participation in the smart energy transition. Finally, the opportunities to foster smart grid research and innovation through shared knowledge and insights offered by the PANTERA European Interconnection for Research Innovation and Entrepreneurship (EIRIE) platform are highlighted

Identification of Gaps and Barriers in Regulations, Standards, and Network Codes to Energy Citizen Participation in the Energy Transition

The success of the energy transition in Europe depends on the engagement of citizens and the sustainable replacement of conventional generation with renewable production. Highlights of the PAN European Technology Energy Research Approach (PANTERA) project, a H2020 coordination and support action, are presented in this paper. In broad terms, PANTERA offers a forum for actors in the smart grid to support the expansion of activities in smart grid research, demonstration, and innovation, especially in the below-average spending member states in the European Union (EU). The focus of this paper is on those activities of the project consortium related to the identification of gaps and barriers in regulations, standards, and network codes that hinder the sustainable engagement of energy citizens in the energy transition. The paper summarises the challenges to citizen engagement in the energy transit and considers the enablers that make the engagement of citizens viable, e.g., demand response (DR), renewable energy resources (RESs), and modern designs for local energy markets (LEMs). We focus on the barriers to the enablers that are explicitly and implicitly related to regulations, standards, and network codes and explore aspects of the relevant regulations and standards of the sample below-average spending member states. A specific case study of a research and demonstration project in Ireland for updating the network codes is also presented to demonstrate the ways in which member states are attempting to remove the barriers and enable citizen participation in the smart energy transition. Finally, the opportunities to foster smart grid research and innovation through shared knowledge and insights offered by the PANTERA European Interconnection for Research Innovation and Entrepreneurship (EIRIE) platform are highlighted

Community-based microgrids ::literature review and pathways to decarbonise the local electricity network

This article addresses the suitable approaches for empowering energy citizens and smart energy communities through the development of community-based microgrid (C-MG) solutions while taking into consideration the functional architectural layers and system integration topologies, interoperability issues, strategies for consumer-centric energy trading under the local electricity market (LEM) mechanism, and socio-economic aspects. Thus, this article presents state-of-the-art microgrid solutions for the smart energy community along with their motivation, advantages and challenges, comprehensibly contrasted between the recommended generic architecture and every other reported structure. The notion of LEM for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy exchange inside a transactive energy system based on a flexible consumer-centric and bottom-up perspective towards the participation in the wholesale electricity market (WEM) is also reviewed and critically explored. Furthermore, the article reviews the interoperability issues in relation to the development of C-MG including energy trading facilities. The article’s overall contribution is that it paves the path for advanced research and industrialisation in the field of smart energy communities through the analytical recommendations of the C-MG architecture and DER (distributed energy resource) integration structure, considering the future trend of local energy markets and socio-economic aspects

Integration of Distributed Energy Generation in Energy Citizen side: Key Barriers and Enablers

Distributed energy generations (DEGs) form one of the main pillars enabling DER at the citizens and residential premises. Effective deployment of these resources has a key role in the energy transition's success. Compared to the other energy sector stakeholders, citizens have many specificities that need to be addressed. Analysing and meeting the needs and securing potential engagement in the energy transition is more complicated than dealing with organisations, companies or institutions. This paper thus very specifically analyse the DEG citizen empowerment barriers and main enablers. It examines main challenges and bottlenecks, identifies key enablers, reviews good practices and suggests actions to achieve a smooth and efficient energy transition