Corrigendum to “Modeling Inhibitory Effect on the Growth of Uninfected T Cells Caused by Infected T Cells: Stability and Hopf Bifurcation”

We consider a class of viral infection dynamic models with inhibitory effect on the growth of uninfected T cells caused by infected T cells and logistic target cell growth. The basic reproduction number R0 is derived. It is shown that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0<1. Sufficient conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the infected equilibrium are investigated by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues. Furthermore, the properties of Hopf bifurcation are determined by the normal form theory and the center manifold. Numerical simulations are carried out to support the theoretical analysis

Modeling Inhibitory Effect on the Growth of Uninfected T Cells Caused by Infected T Cells: Stability and Hopf Bifurcation

We consider a class of viral infection dynamic models with inhibitory effect on the growth of uninfected T cells caused by infected T cells and logistic target cell growth. The basic reproduction number R0 is derived. It is shown that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0<1. Sufficient conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the infected equilibrium are investigated by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues. Furthermore, the properties of Hopf bifurcation are determined by the normal form theory and the center manifold. Numerical simulations are carried out to support the theoretical analysis

Intertemporal lifestyle changes and carbon emissions: Evidence from a China household survey

This paper examines the endogenous evolution of household consumption patterns and household carbon emissions (HCEs) by integrating the analysis methods of income distribution with climate change. Based on a large-scale household survey spanning from 2012 to 2016 in China, we estimated the direct and indirect HCEs, observed inverse U-shaped Carbon Kuznets Curves (CKC) and significant changes in HCEs over the period at the household level. Applying the Oaxaca-Blinder method, we decomposed factors causing the changes in HCEs and found that income and demographic effects contribute only 25.1% to the total increase of HCEs. The other 74.9% remain unexplained and we define them as the effect of intertemporal lifestyle changes. Further analysis from multiple perspectives illustrates that the lifestyles of households across various social strata are becoming increasingly higher carbon-intensive over time even though the income remains unchanged. The findings indicate that existing modeling and projections of carbon emissions based on income and household characteristics may underestimate the future emissions pressure from the household sector. Hence, we conclude that in order to reach more meaningful results, the increasing effect of lifestyles should be taken into account when conducting climate change studies and formulating climate policies.This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 15BTJ021; No. 14BJY047), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71828401; No. 71803040; No. 71603050) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018T110817), Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 19YJAZH079)

Improved Tolerance of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> in the Presence of Acid by the Heterologous Expression of <i>trxA</i> from <i>Oenococcus oeni</i>

Oenococcus oeni is the main microorganism that undergoes malolactic fermentation (MLF) in the winemaking industry due to its excellent adaptability to harsh wine environments. The start of MLF is often delayed or even fails, and low pH appears to be a crucial parameter. To study the function of the trxA gene in acid stress, a plasmid containing the trxA gene of O. oeni SD-2a was heterologously expressed in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. The recombinant strain (WCFS1-trxA) grew better than the control strain (WCFS1-Vector) under acid stress. The expression of thioredoxin system genes was much higher in the recombinant strain compared with the control strain under acid stress. In addition, a series of physiological and biochemical assays were conducted. The ATP content was lower in the recombinant strain, while the cell membrane fluidity and integrity improved in the recombinant strain. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, intracellular GSH level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assays showed that the recombinant strain decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by improving the SOD activity. In conclusion, heterologous expression of trxA improves the SOD activity of L. plantarum WCFS1, reducing bacterial ROS and increasing cell membrane fluidity and integrity, enhancing the tolerance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 under acid stress

A concise way to prevent bloom risk in ecological use of reclaimed water: Determination of the threshold by model calculation

The risk of algal blooms in landscape water bodies replenished by reclaimed water (RW) prompted the scientific management of RW discharge issues. Mathematical models are concise and convincing methods to stimulate algal growth and calculate thresholds for water quality control. This study presented three types of models, including one-parameter models, multiple-parameter models, and ecosystem dynamic models. Key influencing factors (such as nutrient concentration, light intensity, temperature, biotic processes, specific hydraulic conditions, etc.) are taken into consideration in these models. The work provided feasible methods for the management of reclaimed water to prevent water bloom outbreaks

Statistical Research on Seismo-Ionospheric Ion Density Enhancements Observed via DEMETER

In this paper, in order to investigate the correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric density variation, nighttime ion density (Ni) data from IAP onboard the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite from 2005 to 2010 are used to carry out statistical analysis. Only data with kp ≤ 3 are selected to avoid density perturbations due to magnetic activity. The aftershocks are also carefully removed. The earthquake-related data were further strictly screened, and the apparent position of anomalies were normalized using Dobrovolsky’s radius. Real and pseudorandom earthquakes are compared and analyzed. The statistical results show that the postseismic effect is obvious; the Ni enhancements are more focused 3–5 days, 9–10 days, and 13–14 days before the earthquake; as the magnitude of earthquake increases, the apparent range and intensity of the ion density enhancements is also increased; and for medium–strong earthquakes, the position of disturbance will exceed Dobrovolsky’s radius

Cascading effects of N fertilization activate biologically driven mechanisms promoting P availability in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem

Nitrogen (N) fertilization due to N deposition, N in manure from grazing livestock and direct input to soil by humans are impacting our terrestrial ecosystems globally. However, to date, our understanding of how artificial gradients of N fertilization indirectly affect phosphorus (P) availability by altering the rates and interrelationships of multiple structural and functional attributes of terrestrial ecosystems is still limited. Here, we conducted a 3-year field experiment to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of multiple level of N addition on a wide range of ecosystem structural and functional attributes associated with >20 plant, soil and microbial variables in a semi-arid grassland. We found that N fertilization can have multiple cascading effects on ecosystem structures and functions. These cascading events ultimately result in the activation of multiple biologically driven mechanisms to promote P availability (e.g. increased soil organic P mineralization, plant phosphorus resorption, enzymatic and genetic processes of phosphatase). The increasing phosphatase production and its functional gene expression, and decreasing plant and microbial biomass might imply important shifts in the carbon-use strategies of plants and microbes allocating more resources to high-C consuming enzymatic and genetic processes and less in plant and microbial biomass. Nitrogen addition decreases fungal community biomass which suggests the decoupling of key symbiotic plant–fungal relationships for nutrient acquirement. Overall, our study advances our understanding of how and why N fertilization simultaneously influences multiple structural and functional attributes, ultimately accelerating phosphorus cycle in terrestrial ecosystems