Companion forms and weight one forms

In this paper we prove the following theorem. Let L/\Q_p be a finite extension with ring of integers O_L and maximal ideal lambda. Theorem 1. Suppose that p >= 5. Suppose also that \rho:G_\Q -> GL_2(O_L) is a continuous representation satisfying the following conditions. 1. \rho ramifies at only finitely many primes. 2. \rho mod \lambda is modular and absolutely irreducible. 3. \rho is unramified at p and \rho(Frob_p) has eigenvalues \alpha and \beta with distinct reductions modulo \lambda. Then there exists a classical weight one eigenform f = \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_m(f) q^m and an embedding of \Q(a_m(f)) into L such that for almost all primes q, a_q(f)=tr(\rho(\Frob_q)). In particular \rho has finite image and for any embedding i of L in \C, the Artin L-function L(i o \rho, s) is entire.Comment: 15 pages, published version, abstract added in migratio

Collection and rearing of earthworms

Earthworm experimentation requires a source of supply. This may come from field-collection, purchase from a supplier, or from breeding of stock. The mode of obtaining the animals may be determined by the type of experimentation, but must not compromise the experiment. Typical collection methods employ digging and hand-sorting of soil, addition of a vermifuge, application of an electrical current to the soil or combinations thereof. Each collection method has advantages and may target particular groups of earthworms more successfully than others. Rearing earthworms in the laboratory may be viewed as difficult but if control of factors such as soil type, moisture, temperature, food supply and stocking density are in place, it can be straightforward. Culture design will be determined by the experimental objectives

Addition of earthworms to soils in soil ecological field experiments

Over recent decades experiments have been undertaken to reveal the optimum method for introducing earthworms into soils so the animals have greater chances of survival and are able to produce sustainable populations. This article describes development of the Earthworm Inoculation Unit (EIU) technique, its advantages over more traditional introduction methods and how it has been used. EIUs provide the means for sustainable earthworm population development even under harsh soil conditions, such as restored sites. However, certain circumstances dictate that this technique is not appropriate as digging in the soil/turf is unacceptable. Here more traditional methods can still be of value

Working Postures of Dentists and Dental Hygienists

A joint study was conducted by a manufacturer of dental stools in the Midwest of the United States and Marquette University to measure the occupational postures of dentists and dental hygienists. The postures of 10 dentists and 10 dental hygienists were assessed using work sampling and video techniques. Postura! data of the neck, shoulders and lower back were recorded from video and categorized into 30-degree intervals: O (neutral posture of respective joint), 30, 60 and 90 degrees. Each subject\u27s postures were observed while they were treating patients during a four-hour period, during which 100 observations of postures were recorded at random times. Compared to standing, dentists and dental hygienists were seated 78 percent and 66 percent of the time, respectively. Dentists and dental hygienists flexed their trunk at least 30 degrees more than 50 percent of the time. They flexed their neck at least 30 degrees 85 percent of the time during the four-hour duration, and their shoulders were elevated to the side of their trunk (abducted) at least 30 degrees more half of the time. The postures of the trunk, shoulders, and neck were primarily static. This database of postures can be used by dental professionals and ergonomists to assess the risk dentists and dental hygienists are exposed to musculoskeletal disorders, such as low back pain or shoulder tenosynovitis, from deviated joint postures. They could use these data to select dental furniture or dental devices that promote good body posture, i.e., reduce the magnitude and duration of deviated joint postures, which, in theory, would decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disorders

The Prentice - O'Gorman destination appraisal matrix for tourism development and marketing

We ask how tourists are thought to make decisions in choosing a destination to visit. The traditional approach emphasised the sequence by which possible destinations were rejected. Prentice's ideas, instead, emphasise the processes of choosing. His approach offers information about why a destination is chosen and why other destinations are rejected by potential tourists. This is a basis from which tourism developers and marketers can predict the needs of tourists. Central to the approach are USPs (Unique Selling Points) and SSPs (Standardised Selling Points). SSPs have lead to the creation of many look-a-like destinations throughout the Mediterranean, a process described by the French as banalisation. We offer instead an approach to defining USPs designed to capture the authenticity of place and the sincerity of cultures. In doing so, the paper considers what tourists are seeking in products, in terms of utilities, experiences and symbols. It also considers how contemporary tourism products are created to achieve this. The presentation is illustrated using examples from the United Kingdom, to demonstrate how culture and commercialism can be sensitively combined to assist tourists in developing their feelings of authenticity and sincerity. The final section of the paper considers how planners and marketers should capture the sense of place and culture as USPs. A destination appraisal matrix is provided combining an analysis of USPs with a traditional SWOT analysis. The paper is concluded by demonstrating the matrix with a hypothetical example, which some people might assume to be London

Isle of Rum Earthworm Conference

In collaboration with Scottish Natural Heritage (Isle of Rum) and the University of Rzeszow, the Earthworm Research Group (ERG) from UCLan organised a conference in the Inner Hebrides in May 2014. This involved oral and poster presentations, field visits and discussions over a period of 3 days

The Prentice-O'Gorman destination appraisal matrix: Iranian case study

Prentice's model was designed to challenge a tendency in contemporary destination marketing to emphasise SSPs (Standardised Selling Points) rather than USPs (Unique (or at least Unusual) Selling Points). This process of standardisation is what the French have termed Banalisation (Prentice 2006b). Prentice's model is a hybrid of traditional destination choice sets models (Crompton 1992; Sirakaya and Woodside 2005) with inputs from the Theory of Reasoned Action (Aizen and Fishbein 1980) and from heuristic choice models (Pham 1998). Prentice further differentiates USPs into UUSPs (Unique Utility Selling Points) UESPs (Unique Experiential Selling Points) USSPs (Unique Symbolic Selling Points). These may be thought of as summarising those aspects of generic imagery and product beliefs that are pertinent to destination differentiation. As specified, Prentice's model is a model of choosing on the part of potential tourists. The question arises as to how destination managers may readily operationalise Prentice's ideas in both their marketing and market based product development or, indeed, simply to think about their destination. Many managers are familiar with SWOT analysis and the operationalisation of Prentice's ideas suggested here builds on this familiarity. The demonstrated means of application is in the form of a matrix combining Prentice's expansion of USPs with a traditional SWOT analysis