32 research outputs found
Organic Matter in Rain: An Overlooked Influence on Mercury Deposition
The importance of Hg emissions for
deposition will be scrutinized
in the future as new legislation to control emissions of Hg to the
atmosphere comes into effect. We show that mercury (Hg) concentrations
in rainfall are closely linked to organic matter (OM) with consistent
Hg/TOC ratios over large spatial scales decreasing from that in an
open field (OF, 1.5 μg g<sup>–1</sup>) to that in throughfall
(TF, 0.9 μg g<sup>–1</sup>). The leaf area index was
positively correlated with both TF [Hg] and total organic carbon ([TOC]),
but not the Hg/TOC ratio. This study shows that the progression in
the Hg/TOC ratio through catchments starts in precipitation with Hg/TOC<sub>bulk dep</sub> > Hg/TOC<sub>soil water</sub> > Hg/TOC<sub>streamwater</sub>. These findings raise an intriguing question about
the extent to which it is not just atmospheric [Hg] but also OM that
influences [Hg] in precipitation. This question should be resolved
to improve the ability to discern the importance of changing global
Hg emissions for deposition of Hg at specific sites
Linear regression model of monthly rainfall based on observed data and model (n = number of months, a<sub>1</sub> = trend, a<sub>0</sub> = intercept (mm), and R<sup>2</sup> = determination coefficient).
<p>Linear regression model of monthly rainfall based on observed data and model (n = number of months, a<sub>1</sub> = trend, a<sub>0</sub> = intercept (mm), and R<sup>2</sup> = determination coefficient).</p
Weakly variations in A: concentrations of MeHg in pore water collected 10 cm below the groundwater surface at the time of sampling from HighS plots (filled symbols) or LowS plots (open symbols), as well as in the main stream draining the mire where the study was conducted (shaded squares).
<p>B: mean groundwater level from the HighS plots (filled symbols) or LowS plots (open symbols). The bars indicate SE. The arrows in A refer to the date on which the plots were fertilised with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>.</p
Weakly fluctuations of A: SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (filled symbols) and pore water MeHg (open symbols) concentrations, and B: the groundwater level between June 16<sup>th</sup> and September 22<sup>nd</sup> for both HighS plots.
<p>The concentration of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> in the LowS plots was below the detection limit during the sampling period. The dotted line in A indicates the detection limit for SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (0.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). The pH in the pore water for the two HighS plots are shown in panel B by the two lines without labels. The arrows in B refer to the date on which the plots were fertilised with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>.</p
Estimated isohyets for 1952–2004 (dashed line) and 2052–2100 (solid line) annual rainfall.
<p>Arrows indicate the predicted northward shift in isohyeths.</p
Location of (a) meteorological stations within the upper Blue Nile Basin (b) the region within Ethiopia.
<p>The altitudinal ranges are divided in accordance with the national agro-climate zonation.</p
Depth profiles of MeHg pore water concentrations sampled 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm and 30–40 cm below the groundwater level at the LowS (upper panel) and HighS (lower panel) plots.
<p>The vertical axis refers to the actual peat depths at which the water was sampled. Each bar represents the mean value (±SE) of MeHg from two plots for the particular treatment. For each treatment (LowS or HighS), significant differences (p<0.05) in the average pore water MeHg concentration between the sampling dates are designated by different upper case letters. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05) in MeHg concentrations between depths for each treatment and sampling date.</p
Linear correlation of <i>Kiremt</i> (circles) and annual rainfall (squares) to the index of coordinates, <i>I (Longitude/Latitude)</i>.
<p>Open symbols represent observed rainfall 1952–2004 and filled symbols represent predicted rainfall for 2052–2100.</p
Regulation FD, accounting restatements and transient institutional investors' trading behavior
We examine the impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure (RFD) on transient institutional investors' abnormal trading behavior around accounting restatements. We find that while in the pre-RFD period, transient institutional investors exhibit abnormal selling of restating firms' stocks one quarter before the restatement is publicly announced, in the post-RFD period there is no such abnormal selling. Furthermore, we find that this phenomenon is driven by (a) firms with low analyst following (i.e., firms with poor information environment), (b) firms with high stock price reaction to earnings surprise (i.e., firms with high informativeness of earnings), (c) firms where the restatements' impact on earnings is high, and (d) firms with non-revenue related restatements. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex