The regulation of geoengineering technologies: the case study of cloud seeding

Climate Change is not a foreseeable future anymore but a glooming present to which laws must react, rather than just prevent it from happening. The current legal framework in the European Union still reflects a preventive and precautionary approach towards the environment and specifically the challenges of Climate Change. This article argues that this preventive approach, based on a strong interpretation of the precautionary principle, hinders the research and development of technologies that can be used to mitigate the current and future effects of Climate Change. Using the case study of cloud seeding, the present paper demonstrates how geoengineering technologies can be seen as cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation from Climate Change and how the lack of scientific certainty regarding these technologies should not be a reason to not regulate them

Social Bargaining in States and Cities: Toward a More Egalitarian and Democratic Workplace Law

A well-documented problem motivates this symposium: The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) does not effectively protect workers’ rights to organize, bargain, and strike. Though unions once represented a third of American workers, today the vast majority of workers are non-union and employed “at will.” The decline of organization among workers is a key factor contributing to the rise of economic and political inequality in American society. Yet reforming labor law at the federal level—at least in a progressive direction—is currently impossible. Meanwhile, broad preemption doctrine means that states and localities are significantly limited in their ability to address the weaknesses in labor law, even where local politics would permit such gains

Social Bargaining in States and Cities: Toward a More Egalitarian and Democratic Workplace Law

A well-documented problem motivates this symposium: The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) does not effectively protect workers’ rights to organize, bargain, and strike. Though unions once represented a third of American workers, today the vast majority of workers are non-union and employed “at will.” The decline of organization among workers is a key factor contributing to the rise of economic and political inequality in American society. Yet reforming labor law at the federal level – at least in a progressive direction – is currently impossible. Meanwhile, broad preemption doctrine means that states and localities are significantly limited in their ability to address the weaknesses in labor law, even where local politics would permit such gains. A well-documented problem motivates this symposium: The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) does not effectively protect workers’ rights to organize, bargain, and strike. Though unions once represented a third of American workers, today the vast majority of workers are non-union and employed “at will.” The decline of organization among workers is a key factor contributing to the rise of economic and political inequality in American society. Yet reforming labor law at the federal level—at least in a progressive direction—is currently impossible. Meanwhile, broad preemption doctrine means that states and localities are significantly limited in their ability to address the weaknesses in labor law, even where local politics would permit such gains

Un des nombreux enfants perdus en Allemagne du fait de la guerre

International audienceLes archives versées par le centre pénitentiaire de Fresnes aux archives départementales du Val-de-Marne sont d’une très grande richesse. Parmi celles-ci figurent des dossiers individuels de mineurs détenus à la maison d’Éducation surveillée de Fresnes. L’article 2 de la loi du 5 août 1850 sur l’éducation et le patronage des jeunes détenus prévoyait la création dans les maisons d’arrêt et de justice d’un quartier distinct affecté aux mineurs. À Fresnes, cela se traduisit par l’aménagement en 1929, dans une partie de la troisième division du grand quartier des hommes, d’une maison d’Éducation surveillée pour mineurs. À partir de 1930, ceux-ci furent l’objet d’une procédure d’observation et d’évaluation et un dossier était constitué par des agents de l’établissement sur lequel se basait ensuite le juge pour prononcer sa décision. Ainsi, les mineurs ne restaient que quelques semaines à Fresnes, le temps que leur dossier soit constitué ou qu’ils soient transférés vers un autre établisse..