1,108 research outputs found
Radial Band Structure of Electrons in Liquid Metals
The electronic band structure of a liquid metal was investigated by measuring
precisely the evolution of angle-resolved photoelectron spectra during the
melting of a Pb monolayer on a Si(111) surface. We found that the liquid
monolayer exhibits a free-electron-like band and it undergoes a coherent radial
scattering, imposed by the radial correlation of constituent atoms, to form a
characteristic secondary hole band. This unique double radial bands and their
gradual evolution during melting can be quantitatively reproduced, including
detailed spectral intensity profiles, with our radial scattering model based on
a theoretical prediction of 1962. Our result establishes the radial band
structure as a key concept for describing the nature of electrons in strongly
disordered states of matter.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Physical Review Letter
Emergence of Two-Dimensional Massless Dirac Fermions, Chiral Pseudospins, and Berry's Phase in Potassium Doped Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
Thin flakes of black phosphorus (BP) are a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor
whose energy gap is predicted being sensitive to the number of layers and
external perturbations. Very recently, it was found that a simple method of
potassium (K) doping on the surface of BP closes its band gap completely,
producing a Dirac semimetal state with a linear band dispersion in the armchair
direction and a quadratic one in the zigzag direction. Here, based on
first-principles density functional calculations, we predict that, beyond the
critical K density of the gap closure, 2D massless Dirac Fermions (i.e., Dirac
cones) emerge in K-doped few-layer BP, with linear band dispersions in all
momentum directions, and the electronic states around Dirac points have chiral
pseudospins and Berry's phase. These features are robust with respect to the
spin-orbit interaction and may lead to graphene-like electronic transport
properties with greater flexibility for potential device applications
Two-Dimensional Dirac Fermions Protected by Space-Time Inversion Symmetry in Black Phosphorus
We report the realization of novel symmetry-protected Dirac fermions in a
surface-doped two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, black phosphorus. The widely
tunable band gap of black phosphorus by the surface Stark effect is employed to
achieve a surprisingly large band inversion up to ~0.6 eV. High-resolution
angle-resolved photoemission spectra directly reveal the pair creation of Dirac
points and their moving along the axis of the glide-mirror symmetry. Unlike
graphene, the Dirac point of black phosphorus is stable, as protected by
spacetime inversion symmetry, even in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Our
results establish black phosphorus in the inverted regime as a simple model
system of 2D symmetry-protected (topological) Dirac semimetals, offering an
unprecedented opportunity for the discovery of 2D Weyl semimetals
Study of a Vocal Feature Selection Method and Vocal Properties for Discriminating Four Constitution Types
The voice has been used to classify the four constitution types, and to recognize a subject's health condition by extracting meaningful physical quantities, in traditional Korean medicine. In this paper, we propose a method of selecting the reliable variables from various voice features, such as frequency derivative features, frequency band ratios, and intensity, from vowels and a sentence. Further, we suggest a process to extract independent variables by eliminating explanatory variables and reducing their correlation and remove outlying data to enable reliable discriminant analysis. Moreover, the suitable division of data for analysis, according to the gender and age of subjects, is discussed. Finally, the vocal features are applied to a discriminant analysis to classify each constitution type. This method of voice classification can be widely used in the u-Healthcare system of personalized medicine and for improving diagnostic accuracy
Direct observation of the spin polarization in Au atomic wires on Si(553)
The spin-resolved electronic band structure of Au-induced metallic atomic wires on a vicinal silicon surface, Si(553), was investigated using spin-and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. We directly measured the spin polarization of three partially filled one-dimensional metallic bands, a one-third-filled band, and the doublet of nearly half-filled bands. For the half-filled doublet, the strong apparent spin polarization was observed near the Fermi energy with a minor out-of-plane spin component. This observation is consistent with the Rashba-type spin-orbit splitting and with a recent experiment on a similar doublet of Si(557)-Au. In contrast, the one-third-filled band does not show a substantial spin polarization within the experimental accuracy, indicating a much smaller spin splitting, if any. These results are discussed for the origin of the partially filled bands and for the intriguing broken-symmetry ground state observed at low temperature.X11116sciescopu
Nearly Massless Electrons in the Silicon Interface with a Metal Film
We demonstrate the realization of nearly massless electrons in the most
widely used device material, silicon, at the interface with a metal film. Using
angle-resolved photoemission, we found that the surface band of a monolayer
lead film drives a hole band of the Si inversion layer formed at the interface
with the film to have nearly linear dispersion with an effective mass about 20
times lighter than bulk Si and comparable to graphene. The reduction of mass
can be accounted for by repulsive interaction between neighboring bands of the
metal film and Si substrate. Our result suggests a promising way to take
advantage of massless carriers in silicon-based thin-film devices, which can
also be applied for various other semiconductor devices.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Small scale rotational disorder observed in epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001)
Interest in the use of graphene in electronic devices has motivated an
explosion in the study of this remarkable material. The simple, linear Dirac
cone band structure offers a unique possibility to investigate its finer
details by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). Indeed, ARPES has
been performed on graphene grown on metal substrates but electronic
applications require an insulating substrate. Epitaxial graphene grown by the
thermal decomposition of silicon carbide (SiC) is an ideal candidate for this
due to the large scale, uniform graphene layers produced. The experimental
spectral function of epitaxial graphene on SiC has been extensively studied.
However, until now the cause of an anisotropy in the spectral width of the
Fermi surface has not been determined. In the current work we show, by
comparison of the spectral function to a semi-empirical model, that the
anisotropy is due to small scale rotational disorder ( 0.15)
of graphene domains in graphene grown on SiC(0001) samples. In addition to the
direct benefit in the understanding of graphene's electronic structure this
work suggests a mechanism to explain similar variations in related ARPES data.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 672 / 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 제33권 제5호
Abstract:Acoustic Emission (AE) technique is a non-destructive testing method and widely used for the early detection of faults in rotating machines in these days, because the sensitivity of AE transducers is higher than normal accelerometers. So it can detect low energy vibration signals. The faults in the rotating machines are generally occurred at bearings and gearboxes which are the principal parts of the machines. It was studied to detect the bearing faults by envelop analysis in several decade years. And the researches showed that AE had a possibility of the application in condition monitoring system(CMS) using the envelope analysis for the rolling bearing. And peak ratio (PR) was developed for expression of the bearing condition in condition monitoring system using AE. Noise level is needed to reduce to take exact PR value because the PR is calculated from total root mean square (RMS) and the harmonics peak levels of the defect frequencies of the bearing. Therefore, in this paper, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was added in the envelope analysis to reduce the noise level in the AE signals. And then, the PR was calculated and compared with general envelope analysis result and the result of envelope analysis added the DWT. In the experiment result about inner fault of bearing, defect frequency was difficult to find about only envelop analysis. But it's easy to find defect frequency after wavelet transform. Therefore, Envelop analysis added wavelet transform was useful method for early detection of default in signal process. Key words:Acousti
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