The effect of inclination bench and intermittent mist on the growth and production of Anthurium plant (Anthurium andraeanum)

Anthurium andraeanum is an epiphyte with a habit of growth climbing. This plant has long duration of seed development and juvenile growth phase before flowering. A. andraeanum has 5 flowers per plant per year, with a variation from 0 to 7 flowers. The aims of this study are to determine the effect of intermittent mist and inclination bench on the growth and production of Anthurium in rock wool medium. This study uses cluster randomized design (RAK) 3 x 3 factorial pattern with 3 repetitions. There are three factors were tested in this experiment: 1) mist treatment (mist and control), 2) media type (bark andgranulous rock wool), 3) inclination angle of bench (0, 30 and 60 degrees). The investigations were leaf area, the number of inflorescence harvested, the spathe area, the fresh and dry weights. The results showed the plants with intermittent mist have bigger leaves and growth faster than control. Intermittent mist hassimilar effect with relative humidity as in the native of A. andraeanum. The root of plants on the inclination bench 0° with intermittent mist contact a substrate, and attached or penetrate to the rock wool medium and grown down wards the medium and bench. All flowers from plants grown under intermittent mist classified as large flowers, with the average around 14.19 cm. Intermittent mist and medium influenced the fresh and dry weight of Anthurium. Plants with intermittent mist have the average 18.17gram fresh weight and control just 12.96 gram per plant. The structure, length, branching pattern and thickness of aerial roots varied depend on intermittent mist, medium and inclination bench have an effect to the growth and flowering of plant

The Structural Change of Leaves in Anthurium Andraeanum Uder Intermitten Mist

Photosynthesis is the fundamental basis in green plants, and the principal organ of photosynthesis is leaf. On the basis of water requirements or adaptations, as angiosperm leaves, Anthuriums require abundant soil water and relatively humid atmosphere. To identify the morphological characteristic of leaves in Anthurium, the transverses section was conducted. Two factors were tested in this experiment: 1) mist treatment (intermittent mist and control/without mist) and 2) the type of medium planting (bark and rockwool). For observation on microscopic differences, the leaves were put on the Auto Tissue Processor ROTEX and embedded the sample in a Hardener Resin (Technovit 7100), then the block-samples were sectioned in the Microtom machine at 5 um. The results of transverses section showed that the leaves of Anthurium with intermittent mist treatment, under both rock wool and bark medium thicker than control. In this experiment, the intermittent mist treatment affected the leaf structure of Anthurium andraenum. The intercellular space with connected to the outer atmosphere through the stomata was drastically increased by intermittent mist treatment which promoted transpiration, rapid gas exchange and photosynthesis

Induksi Tunas Beberapa Varietas Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dan Konsentrasi BAP Secara In Vitro Shoot Induction of Several Varieties of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and Concentration of BAP In Vitro

Conventional propagation of patchouli plants has not met the demand for superior seeds. Propagation of superior seeds in a relatively short time can be done using in vitro culture techniques. This research aims to determine the induction of patchouli shoots of Tapaktuan, Lhokseumawe and Sidikalang varieties with Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) concentrations in vitro. This research was carried out at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. This research used a Randomized Block Design with a 3x4 factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was patchouli variety which consisted of 3 levels, namely: Tapaktuan, Lhokseumawe, and Sidikalang. The second factor was BAP concentration which consisted of 4 levels, namely: 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg L-1. The results showed that the percentage of live patchouli explants was 100% in all treatments. The time and percentage of shoot emergence tended to be faster in the Lhokseumawe + BAP 0.5 mgL-1, namely 17.5 days after planting (DAP) and 100%. The number of patchouli explant shoots tended to be high in the Sidikalang + BAP 0.5 mgL-1, namely 12 shoots. The number of patchouli explant leaves tended to be high in the Lhokseumawe + BAP 1 mgL-1, namely 13 sheets. Patchouli explants tended to be taller in the Sidikalang + control, namely 8 cm. The percentage of callus formation tends to be high in the varieties Tapaktuan + BAP 1 mgL-1, Sidikalang + BAP 0.5 mgL-1, Sidikalang + BAP 1 mgL-1, Tapaktuan + BAP 1.5 mgL-1, Sidikalang + BAP 1.5 mgL-1 and Sidikalang + control were above 50% at 4 WAP. The number of patchouli explant roots tended to be high in the Tapaktuan + control, namely 16.50 roots. Keywords: Aceh Patchouli, BAP, Cytokinin, Explant, Patchouli Shoot

Selection of Acehnese germplasm of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using SRI approach in the post-tsunami affected area of Aceh Province, Indonesia

After affected by the giant tsunami waves following the 9.1 earthquake on December 26, 2004 in Aceh province of Indonesia, many of natural resources were damaged, including the loss of germplasm of rice in low land area. Therefore, we attempt to collect and evaluate the Acehnese germplasm of rice. We identified the Acehnese accession of rice by describing the characteristics of the rice plant using cultivation method of system for rice intensification or SRI with organic approach. Some of the descriptors include days of tillage formation, days from emergence to flowering, kernel weight, plant height, and yield components. We found that the Acehnese rice germplasm collection is very diverse: the days of tillage formation is 6 to 18 days after planting; the days from emergence to flowering is 56 to 90 days, plant height is 77 to 121 cm,  and 1,000 kernel weight is 19.47 to 30.27 g. So, we concluded that the diversity of Acehnese rice is very rich, the rice accessions were identified and now stored in the cool storage system. Evaluation of the accession showed considerable promise as material research with high yield potential, high levels of tolerance to stresses such as weeds, drought, acidity and blast for further evaluation. The progenies might provide the improved sustainability of intensified systems through durable crop resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. In the future, characterization traits will be selected for resistance to pests-diseases, and tolerance to drought and salinity stresses, as well as analysis of grain quality. We will also develop the high multiple resistance to environmental stresses

Empowerment of the Community Through the Utilization of Yards in Narrow Areas of My Village, Gajah District, Darul Imarah Sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency

Purpose: This study explores the underutilization of backyard land in Gajah Village for horticultural cultivation, focusing on vertical farming techniques. It addresses knowledge gaps in optimizing backyard space and producing organic fertilizers and pesticides from household waste. Method: The research adopts a participatory approach involving coordination, socialization, surveys, interviews, and practical training sessions. Counselling on vertical farming, Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) production and botanical pesticides is provided. Practical Applications: The study's findings empower the community to enhance food security, income, and environmental sustainability through sustainable vegetable production. It informs policy interventions for promoting grassroots-level sustainable agriculture. Conclusion: This research emphasizes community empowerment and skill-building to address agricultural challenges. Optimizing backyard land and promoting organic farming practices contributes to resilient and sustainable agriculture, leveraging local resources for improved livelihoods

Multiplikasi Tunas Pisang Barangan Merah (Musa acuminata Colla.) Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) dan Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) secara In Vitro

Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi BAP dan IAA dan  interaksi kedua faktor tersebut terhadap multiplikasi tunas pisang barangan merah secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan April sampai Agustus 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola Faktorial 4 x 4, yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi BAP dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi IAA. Faktor pertama ialah konsentrasi BAP, yang terdiri dari 4 taraf: kontrol, 2, 4, dan 6 mg L-1. Faktor kedua ialah konsentrasi IAA, yang terdiri dari 4 taraf: kontrol, 0,5,  1, dan 1,5 mg L-1. Pengamatan meliputi persentase tumbuh tunas, jumlah tunas, dan tinggi tunas. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlakuan BAP berpengaruh terhadap parameter persentase tumbuh tunas, jumlah tunas dan tinggi tunas. Persentase tumbuh tunas terbaik (100%) dijumpai pada konsentrasi 2 mg L-1 BAP dan 4 mg L-1 BAP. Jumlah tunas terbanyak (1,7 tunas) pada konsentrasi 2 mg L-1 BAP dan 4 mg L-1 BAP. Tinggi tunas tertinggi (3,2 cm) dijumpai pada konsentrasi 4 mg L-1 BAP. Perlakuan IAA berpengaruh terhadap parameter persentase tumbuh tunas, jumlah tunas dan tinggi tunas. Semua parameter tersebut memiliki rerata terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan kontrol. Persentase tumbuh tunas terbaik yaitu dengan rerata 58,3 %. Jumlah tunas terbanyak yaitu dengan rerata sebanyak 1 tunas. Tinggi tunas tertinggi yaitu dengan rerata 1,6 cm. Shoot Multiplication of Banana (Musa acuminata Colla.) cv. Barangan Merah in Various Concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) under In Vitro Condition This study aimed to determine the effect of concentrations of BAP and IAA with the interaction between two factors on the multiplication of barangan merah banana shoots in vitro. The research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. This research from April to August 2021. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 4 x 4 factorial pattern, which consisted of 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of BAP and the second factor is the concentration of IAA. The first factor was BAP concentration which consisted of 4 levels: control, 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1. The second factor was the concentration of IAA which consisted of 4 levels: control, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg L-1. The observed parameters including shoot growth rate, number of shoots, and shoot height. The results showed that BAP treatment had an effect on the parameters of shoot growth rate, number of shoots, and shoot height. The best shoot growth rate (100%) was found at a concentration of 2 mg L-1 BAP and 4 mg L-1  BAP. The highest number of shoots (1.7 shoots) at a concentration of 2 mg L-1 BAP and 4 mg L-1  BAP. The highest shoot height (3.2 cm) was found at a concentration of 4 mg L-1 BAP. The IAA treatment affected the parameters of shoot growth rate, number of shoots, and shoot height. All of these parameters have the best average, namely the control treatment. The best shoot growth rate is with an average of 58.3%. The highest number of shoots is with an average of 1 shoot. The highest shoot height was with an average of 1.6 cm.

Induksi Kalus Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth,) MenggunakanBenzyl Amino Purine danNaphtalene Acetic Acid Secara In Vitro

Tujuan dari penelitian  adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi BAP dan NAA serta interaksi antara kedua faktor terhadap pertumbuhan tunas eksplan pucuk tanaman nilam  varietas Tapak Tuan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh.Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan April sampai Juli 2021.  Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 faktor, faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri dari 5 taraf yaitu kontrol,  0,25 mg L-1 , 0,5 mg L-1, 0,75 mg L-1, dan 1 mg L-1. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi NAA yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu kontrol, 0,25 mg L-1 , 0,5 mg L-1, dan 0,75 mg L-1, sehingga terdapat 20 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkankonsentrasi BAP dan NAA berpengaruh pada persentase pembentukan kalus terbaik (100%) dijumpai pada konsentrasi 0,25 mg L-1  NAA  dan 0,75 mg L-1  NAA.  Persentase jumlah akar dengan konsentrasi 0,75 mg L-1 NAA menghasilkan jumlah akar yang  lebih banyak yaitu sebesar 7,8 akar, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Induction of Patchouli Callus (Pogostemon cablin Benth,) using Benzyl Amino Purine and Naphtalene Acetic Acid under In Vitro Condition The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of BAP and NAA concentrations and the interaction between these two factors on the growth of explant shoots. patchouli shoots of the Tapak Tuan variety in vitro. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The study took place from April to July 2021. This study consisted of 2 factors, the first factor was the concentration of BAP which consisted of 5 levels, namely control, 0.25 mg L -1, 0.5 mg L -1, 0.75 mg L - 1, and 1 mg L -1. The second factor wasthe concentration of NAA which consisted of 4 levels, namely control, 0.25 mg L -1, 0.5 mg L -1, and 0.75 mgL-1, so there were 20 treatment combinations. The results showed the combination of BAP and NAA had an effect on the proportion of callus formation, the best percentage of callus formation (100%) was found atoncentrations of 0.25 mg L -1 NAA and 0.75 mg L -1 NAA. The percentage of the number of roots with a concentration of 0.75 mg L-1 NAA resulted in a larger number of roots, which was 7,8 roots, compared to other treatments

Multiplikasi Tunas Pisang Barangan Merah (Musa acuminata Colla) Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi BAP Secara In vitro Multiplication of Banana cv. Barangan Merah (Musa acuminata Colla) Shoots with Several BAP Concentrations In Vitro

ABSTRACT Conventional banana propagation has not been able to meet the increasingly widespread need for banana seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to propagate by in vitro culture using growth regulators in the culture medium. The research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. This research used a non-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK). This research consists of 2 stages, namely induction and multiplication. The induction stage used banana weevil of cv. Barangan Merah as explants and induced in medium containing MS+ BAP 3 mgL-1. The second stage was multiplication of treated banana cv. Barangan Merah shoots. The treatment of multiplication stage was the BAP concentration which consisted of 5 levels, namely 0 (control), 8, 10, 12 and 14 mgL-1. Each treatment was repeated 8 times, so that there were 40 experimental units. The results showed that the survival percentage of Barangan Merah explants at the multiplication stage was 100% at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The BAP concentration of 8 mgL-1 tended to be better for shoot emergence time (7.88 WAP), explant shoot height (2.73 cm), number of explant leaves (2.33 pieces), and plantlet formation time (37.33 HST). BAP concentration of 12 mgL-1 tended to be better for the number of shoots (3.71 shoots). BAP concentration of 14 mgL-1 tended to be better for leaf emergence time (28 HST). The medium without BAP (control) tended to be better for the number of explant roots (4.67 roots). Keywords: Banana shoots, benzyl amino purine, cytokinin, propagation, weevil explant ABSTRAK Perbanyakan pisang secara konvensional belum mampu memenuhi permintaan bibit pisang secara luas sehingga perlu dilakukan perbanyakan secara kultur in vitro dengan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh pada media kultur. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola non faktorial. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap, yaitu induksi dan multiplikasi. Tahap induksi menggunakan eksplan bonggol pisang Barangan Merah dan diinduksi pada media MS+ BAP 3 mgL-1. Tahap kedua adalah multiplikasi tunas pisang Barangan Merah yang diberi perlakuan. Perlakuan pada tahap multiplikasi adalah konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri dari 5 taraf yaitu 0 (kontrol), 8, 10, 12 dan 14 mgL-1, dengan 8 kali ulangan, sehingga terdapat 40 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase hidup eksplan bonggol Barangan Merah pada tahap multiplikasi adalah 100 % pada umur 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Konsentrasi BAP 8 mgL-1 cenderung lebih baik terhadap waktu muncul tunas yaitu 7,88 hari setelah tanam (HST), tinggi tunas eksplan (2,73 cm), jumlah daun eksplan (2,33 helai), dan waktu terbentuk planlet (37,33 HST). Konsentrasi BAP 12 mgL-1 cenderung lebih baik terhadap jumlah tunas (3,71 tunas). Konsentrasi BAP 14 mgL-1 cenderung lebih baik terhadap waktu muncul daun (28 HST). Konsentrasi tanpa BAP (kontrol) cenderung lebih baik terhadap jumlah akar eksplan (4,67 akar). Keywords: Benzil amino purin, sitokinin, perbanyakan, tunas, eksplan bonggo

Salinity stress simulation on Acehnese local rice (Oryza sativa L.) with NaCl in the method of in vitro germination

Agricultural yield was negatively impacted by salt stress throughout around the world affecting production whether it is for economic gain or subsistence. The tolerance of Acehnese local rice on salinity stress was studied with using osmotic condition in the method of in vitro germination. NaCl was applied on medium MS for the salinity stress simulation for studying the capability of the various osmotic conditions in selection of some Acehnese local rice for the tolerance of salinity stress. The objective of this research was to simulate with in vitro method the tolerance of some varieties of Acehnese local rice on salinity stress during seed germination. Sixteen varieties of Acehnese local rice was sterilized and germinated in vitro for tens days in 250 ml bottle containing 25 ml of medium MS with applying NaCl as concentration 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/liter. The varieties of Acehnese local rice that used in this research are Ciherang as control variety, and Acong, Padi Mas, Aweuh, Rom Mokot, Bo Santeut, Sigudang, Bo 100, Sanbei, Sigupai, Manggeng, Sipirok, Padi Berselona, Salah Mayang Ru, Pandrah, dan Sikuneng. The results of this study showed that the tolerance of Acehnese local rice different significantly on observed viability of the seeds: seed growth rate, germination capacity, growth velocity, growth unity, and seedling fresh weight. The osmotic condition of NaCl resulted an effective method to simulate the tolerance of salinity stress for Acehnese local rice using NaCl in the method of in vitro cultivation. The solution with 2.0 g/l of NaCl that used to study the responds of Acehnese local rice to the tolerance of salinity stress was obtained as the best concentration. Thus, simulation of salinity stress condition on Acehnese local rice will become an alternative method for selection of genotype traits related to the tolerance of salinity stress for local rice in the futur