Design of prototype charged particle fog dispersal unit

The unit was designed to be easily modified so that certain features that influence the output current and particle size distribution could be examined. An experimental program was designed to measure the performance of the unit. The program described includes measurements in a fog chamber and in the field. Features of the nozzle and estimated nozzle characteristics are presented

Three-Qubit Gate Realization Using Single Quantum Particle

Using virtual spin formalism it is shown that a quantum particle with eight energy levels can store three qubits. The formalism allows to realize a universal set of quantum gates. Feasible formalism implementation is suggested which uses nuclear spin-7/2 as a storage medium and radio frequency pulses as the gates. One pulse realization of all universal gates has been found, including three-qubit Toffoli gate.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, no figures; Submitted to "Pis'ma v Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.

The trends in high school chemistry since 1923

Not Available.William KesselNot ListedNot ListedMaster of ArtsDepartment Not ListedCunningham Memorial library, Terre Haute, Indiana State University.isua-thesis-1933-kesselMastersTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages: contains 87p. : ill. Includes appendix and bibliography

Quantum storage on subradiant states in an extended atomic ensemble

A scheme for coherent manipulation of collective atomic states is developed such that total subradiant states, in which spontaneous emission is suppressed into all directions due to destructive interference between neighbor atoms, can be created in an extended atomic ensemble. The optimal conditions for creation of such states and suitability of them for quantum storage are discussed. It is shown that in order to achieve the maximum signal-to-noise ratio the shape of a light pulse to be stored and reconstructed using a homogeneously broadened absorbtion line of an atomic system should be a time-reversed regular part of the response function of the system. In the limit of high optical density, such pulses allow one to prepare collective subradiant atomic states with near flat spatial distribution of the atomic excitation in the medium.Comment: V2: considerably revised (title, text). V3: minor changes - final version as published in PR

Coherent control of collective spontaneous emission in an extended atomic ensemble and quantum storage

Coherent control of collective spontaneous emission in an extended atomic ensemble resonantly interacting with single-photon wave packets is analyzed. A scheme for coherent manipulation of collective atomic states is developed such that superradiant states of the atomic system can be converted into subradiant ones and vice versa. Possible applications of such a scheme for optical quantum state storage and single-photon wave packet shaping are discussed. It is shown that also in the absence of inhomogeneous broadening of the resonant line, single-photon wave packets with arbitrary pulse shape may be recorded as a subradiant state and reconstructed even although the duration of the wave packets is larger than the superradiant life-time. Specifically the applicability for storing time-bin qubits, which are used in quantum cryptography is analyzed.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Landscape-scale variability of nitrogen fixation by pea and the availability of its residue-N for the succeeding crop

Non-Peer ReviewedThe main objectives of this study were to estimate the variability in N2-fixation across a large field and to determine whether the availability of legume residue-N to the succeeding crop was controlled by position of incorporation. In 1991, a field was selected near Blaine Lake, Saskatchewan and a 130 x 130 m grid composed of 169 sample sites was laid out. Six landform elements (upper and lower level, divergent and convergent shoulders and footslopes) were identified and the variability of N2-fixation (15N-isotope dilution) by pea was determined for 60 sites (six landforms x 10 replicates). At each site, the 15N-labeled pea residue was incorporated in a nearby unlabeled area in the spring of 1992. The percent N derived from N2-fixation (% Ndfa) by pea had a median of 57%. A difference in% Ndfa between landforms was observed with the highest% Ndfa at the divergent footslopes (69) and the lowest on the convergent shoulders (28). The total N2 fixed (seed+residue) did not show a landform effect and had a median of 57 kg N ha-1. The total N in pea residue (21-30 kg N ha-1) translated into C:N ratios ranging from 37-56. In 1992, landform differences for grain yield of spring wheat were present. Grain yield ranged from 1160 kg ha-1 on convergent footslopes to 1880 kg ha-1 on divergent shoulders. Due to the early frost, the median harvest index was low (0.24). The% Ndfr (N derived from residue) and% RUE (residue use efficiency) in the wheat grain and residue suggested that almost none of the pea residue-N had become available for wheat. The main reasons for the low N availability of the residue were: 1) incorporation of the pea residue at time of seeding (potential net N-mineralization of the residue in the fall and spring was excluded), and 2) the below average temperatures and precipitation in 1992 which would have reduced soil microbial activity and therefore net N -mineralization