Konuşma stratejisi geliştirmede strateji eğitiminin etkisi

Yüksek Lisans TeziBu tezin amacı strateji destekli eğitimin öğrencilerin öğrenme ve konuşma stratejilerini geliştirme üzerindeki etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Deneysel araştırma modeli ile tasarlanmış bu çalışma strateji destekli eğitimin Trakya Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Yüksek okulu Turizm işletmeciliği ve Otelcilik bölümünde okuyan ikinci sınıf öğrencilerinin konuşma becerilerini geliştirme üzerindeki olası etkilerini araştırır. 62 öğrenci bu çalışmaya katılmıştır. Öğrenciler deney ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmışlardır. Bu çalışma 2011/2012 akademik yılı bahar döneminde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 14 haftadan oluşan dört saatlik ingilizce derslerinde ve iki saatlik konuşma aktivitelerini içeren ekstra bir ingilizce konuşma kulübünde yürütülmüştür. Dil Öğrenme Stratejileri Envanteri (Oxford, 1990), strateji eğitiminden önce ve sonra strateji eğitiminin öğrencilerin dil öğrenme stratejileri kullanımı üzerindeki olası etkisini ortaya çıkarmak için uygulanmıştır. Konuşma sınavları öğrencilerin konuşma stratejileri kullanımında ne kadar ilerleme kaydettiklerini ve konuşma becerilerini geliştirip geliştirmediklerini ortaya çıkarmak için ön-son test şeklinde uygulanmışlardır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 15.0 yoluyla istatistiki açıdan analiz edilmişlerdir. Sonuçlara göre, strateji destekli eğitimin deney grubu öğrencilerinin bellek, bilimsel, telafi ve sosyal stratejileri kullanımını geliştirmede olumlu bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, ön ve son test sonuçları temel alındığında, kontrol grubu öğrencileri arasında anlamlı bir değişiklik tespit edilmemiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, deney grubu öğrencileri konuşma stratejilerini kullanma miktarını ve kalitesini arttırdıkları gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, deney grubu öğrencileri son konuşma testinde ön konuşma testine göre daha başarılı oldukları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Benzer bir şekilde, son konuşma testinde deney grubu öğrencileri kontrol grubu öğrencilerine göre daha başarılı oldukları belirlenmiştir.AbstractThe aim of this study is to find out the impact of strategy-based instruction on students` learning and communication strategies. This thesis, in which an experimental study was designed, explores the probable effects of the strategy-based instruction on promoting the achievement of students' speaking skills in the second grade students who study Tourism at the School of Applied Sciences at Trakya University. The participants of the study consisted of 62 students. The students were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups. The study was conducted in the spring term of the academic year of 2011-2012. The study was carried out four hours in regular classes and two hours for extra speaking activities each week for 14-week education period. Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (Oxford, 1990) was administrated before and after the strategy implementation in order to reflect potential impact of strategy training on the students` learning strategy use. Pre and post oral tests were also conducted to reveal how much they progressed in using communication strategies as well as improving their speaking skills. The results were statistically analyzed through SPSS 15.0. According to the results, it was seen that the strategy-based instruction had a positive impact on promoting the experimental group students` memory, cognitive, compensation and social strategy use. On the contrary, no significant difference was found among the control group students based on the pre and post test results. In addition, the experimental group students increased the quantity and the quality of using communication strategies. Moreover, the experimental students were found to be more successful in the second oral test. Similarly, the experimental students were found to be more successful than the control group students in the second oral test

The Effect of Scripting on Acquiring Conversation Skills of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Bu araştırmanın amacı, replikli öğretimin otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bireylerin karşılıklı konuşma becerileri kazanmalarına etkisini ölçmektir. Araştırmaya yaşları 4-7 arasında değişen OSB tanısı almış 4 çocuk katılmıştır. Bu araştırmada tek denekli araştırma modellerinden katılımcılar arası yoklama denemeli çoklu yoklama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada etkililik için başlama düzeyi, aralıklı yoklama, öğretim, genelleme ve izleme verileri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda etkililik amaçları doğrultusunda ulaşılan veriler grafikle gösterilerek analiz edilmiştir. Genelleme verileri ön test - son test uygulaması şeklinde ölçülmüş ve bulgular görsel olarak sunulmuştur. Ayrıca ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin araştırmanın sosyal geçerliğine ilişkin görüşleri araştırma sonrasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dâhil edilen çocukların önemli günlerde çekilen fotoğrafları ve bu fotoğraflarla ilgili üç sözcükten oluşan replikleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretim oturumlarında kullanılmak üzere tablet bilgisayara önceden yüklenmiş olan StoryCreator® uygulaması vasıtasıyla mevcut fotoğraflar yüklenip bir fotoğraf albümü oluşturulmuş ve her fotoğraf için belirlenmiş replikler sesli olarak kaydedilmiştir. Öğretim oturumlarında ölçüt karşılandıktan sonra replikler son sözcükten başlayarak sistematik bir şekilde silikleştirilmiştir. Öğretim oturumları tamamlandıktan sonra aynı araç seti ile farklı ortamlarda farklı kişiler ile genelleme oturumları düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın tamamlanmasından sonra fotoğraf albümü hakkında karşılıklı konuşma becerilerinin denekler tarafından ne düzeyde kullanıldığını belirleyebilmek için ikinci, dördüncü ve altıncı haftalarda izleme oturumları düzenlenmiştir. ii Araştırma bulgularına göre, araştırmaya katılan deneklerin replikli öğretim uygulaması ile sözlü iletişim kurma becerisini edindikleri; farklı ortam ve kişilere genelledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların edindikleri beceriyi iki, dört ve altı hafta sonra da sürdürdükleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca denekler tarafından öğretimi yapılan repliklerin dışında yeni ifadelerin de kullanıldığı kaydedilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda sosyal geçerlik verilerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre replikli öğretimin çocukların iletişim becerilerini arttırmada etkili olduğuna dair görüşler alınmıştır. Buna ek olarak, bu uygulama ile kazanılan becerilerin çocuklar tarafından farklı ortamlarda farklı kişiler ile de kullanıldığı bildirilmiştir.The aim of the study is to measure the effect of scripting on acquiring conversation skills of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Four kids aged between 4 and 7 participated in the study. As one of the single subject designs, multiple probe design across participants was used in this study. The effectiveness data were gathered from baseline, probes, intervention, generalization and maintenance sessions. Effectiveness data were analyzed and presented in tables and figures. Generalization data were collected as pretest and posttest procedure and reflected on figures. Targeting the participants’ parents and trainers, the social validity data were collected through semi-structured interview questions prepared by the researcher at the end of the study. The photographs of the children included in the study taken on important occasions and their three/four word scripts related with these photographs were determined. The existing photos were uploaded to the pre-loaded StoryCreator® application to be used in the teaching sessions and the pre-determined scripts were recorded vocally. In the teaching sessions, upon reaching the criterion, the scripts were systematically faded starting from the last word. After the teaching sessions were completed, generalization sessions were held with different people in different environments with the same photograph album. Following the completion of the study, follow-up sessions were held in the second, fourth and sixth weeks in order to determine the level of conversation skills about the photographs was used by the subjects. iv According to the findings of the research, it was found that the subjects participating in the study acquired the ability to interact verbally with the application of scripting and it was also found that the subjects could generalize acquired skills to different environments and people. Moreover, it was determined that the participants continued their skills after two, four and six weeks. It was also noted that new expressions were used in addition to the scripts taught by the subjects. At the end of the study, according to the findings obtained from the social validity data, opinions were taken that the scripting was effective in increasing the communication skills of children. Furthermore, it has been reported that the skills acquired through this application have been used by children in different environments with different people

10.4274/tjo.91249

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is characterized by headache, nausea, seizures, altered consciousness, visual disturbance, and convulsion. It usually develops due to hypertension, eclampsia, autoimmune diseases, blood transfusion, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and immunosuppressive therapy. The radiological feature of this syndrome is reversible bilateral white matter abnormalities predominantly located in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres. With symptomatic therapy, clinical and radiologic recovery can be achieved. In this case report, we aimed to present clinical and radiological findings of transient posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome due to intrathecal methotrexate usage in a case with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 243-5

Effectiveness of Pyridoxine and Pyridostigmine in the Treatment of Vincristine-Induced Bilateral Ptosis and External Ophthalmoplegia: A Case Report

In this manuscript, we present the case of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed vincristine-induced bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia and who was treated successfully with pyridoxine and pyridostigmine. Pyridostigmine and pyridoxine are promising treatment option in cases of vincristine-induced neuropathy. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 330-1

Cost of Inpatient Treatment of Patients with Status Epilepticus in Turkey

Objectives:Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with high mortality. As there are no data on the cost of treatment of SE in this country, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze these costs.Methods:Patients who were hospitalized in the neurology intensive care unit between January and August 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic data, SE type, etiological factors, antiepileptic drugs used, duration of hospitalization, total cost of hospitalization, and the cost of medication(s) were recorded.Results:The records of 15 patients (male/female: 4/11) with a mean age of 46.73 years were examined. Seven patients had no previous history of epilepsy and their first seizure was SE-like. The seizures were classified as primary generalized convulsive (n=5), focal onset generalized convulsive (n=6), focal motor (n=1), and non-convulsive (n=3) SE. Medication mismatch (n=4), systemic infection (n=4), previous stroke (n=2), acute stroke (n=3), metabolic causes (n=1), and iatrogenic causes (n=1) were found in the seizure etiology. Two patients died during followup. The mean length of time of hospitalization in the neurology service and intensive care unit was 5.7 and 13.2 days, respectively. The mean total cost of the treatment per patient was TL 22,202.86 and the mean drug cost was TL 4,630.73.Conclusion:The presence of an acute central nervous system etiology and advanced age of the patient are 2 important factors that significantly increased the cost. More comprehensive data are needed to investigate the risk factors that contribute to the cost of larger patient numbers in our country

Urea Cycle Disorders in Neonates: Six Case Reports

Urea cycle disorders are a group of diseases associated with hyperammonemia, which causes severe neurological sequelae, seizures and psychomotor retardation. In this study, six newborn cases diagnosed between 2010-2014 as citrullinemia Type I (four cases) and argininosuccinic aciduria (two cases) are presented in terms of clinical course and treatment responses

Familial Mediterranean fever: perspective on female fertility and disease course in pregnancy from a multicenter nationwide network.

The aim of this study was to analyze the pregnancy process, especially the Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) disease course and attack types during pregnancy, and to examine the relationship between disease-related factors and female infertility in FMF patients. The study, which was planned in a multicenter national network, included 643 female patients. 435 female patients who had regular sexual intercourse were questioned in terms of infertility. Pregnancy and delivery history, FMF disease severity and course during pregnancy were evaluated. The relationship between demographic and clinical findings, disease severity, genetic analysis results and infertility was investigated. 401 patients had at least 1 pregnancy and 34 patients were diagnosed with infertility. 154 patients had an attack during pregnancy. 61.6% of them reported that attacks during pregnancy were similar to those when they were not pregnant. The most common attack symptoms were fever, fatigue and abdominal pain-peritonitis (96%, 87%, and 83%, respectively) in the pregnancy period. The disease-onset age, disease activity score, gene mutation analyses, and regular colchicine use (> 90%) were similar between the fertile and infertile groups, while the frequency of previous appendectomy and alcohol consumption rates were higher in individuals with infertility. Our results indicated no significant change in the frequency and severity of attacks during pregnancy. The low rate of infertility (7.8%) in our patients was noted. It has been suggested that the risk of FMF-related infertility may not be as high as thought in patients who are followed up regularly and received colchicine

Familial mediterranean fever: assessment of clinical manifestations, pregnancy, genetic mutational analyses, and disease severity in a national cohort

The aims of this study were to investigate the main clinical and laboratory features, including pregnancy and genetic analysis, of Turkish Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients and to analyze the relationships between genotypic features, age of disease onset, clinical findings, and disease severity. A study was planned within a national network of 22 different centers. Demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, attack characteristics, drugs, pregnancy and birth history, disease severity, and gene mutation analyses were evaluated. Disease severity, assessed using a scoring system developed by Pras et al., was evaluated in relation to gene mutations and age of disease onset. A total of 979 patients (643 females and 336 males; mean age: 35.92 +/- 11.97 years) with FMF were included in the study. Of a total of 585 pregnancies, 7% of them resulted in preterm birth and 18.1% resulted in abortions. During pregnancy, there was no FMF attack in 61.4% of patients. Of the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) mutations, 150 (24.3%) cases were homozygous, 292 (47.3%) cases were heterozygous, and 175 (28.4%) were compound heterozygous. Patients with homozygous gene mutations had more severe disease activity, earlier age of disease onset, higher rates of joint and skin involvement, sacroiliitis, and amyloidosis. Patients with compound heterozygous genotype displayed severe disease activity in close resemblance to patients with homozygous mutation. In addition, patients with compound heterozygous mutations had higher rates of protracted febrile myalgia and elevated fibrinogen levels. In 63.9% of compound heterozygous patients, age of onset was < 20 years, with greater disease severity, and high rates of attack frequency and colchicine resistance. Our results suggest that indicators for disease severity include early onset of disease and homozygous gene mutations. Furthermore, patients with compound heterozygous mutations displayed significant presentations of severe disease activity