Data ondaily fluoride intakebasedondrinking waterconsumptionpreparedbyhousehold desalinatorsworkingbyreverseosmosisprocess

In thisdataarticle,weevaluatedthedaily fluoride contentsin20 householddesalinatorsworking byreverseosmosis(RO)1 processin Bushehr,Iran.Theconcentrationlevelsof fluoride ininletandoutlet watersweredeterminedbythestandardSPADNSmethodusinga spectrophotometer(M501SingleBeamScanningUV/VIS,UK).The fluoridecontentinoutletwaterswerecomparedwithEPAandWHO guidelinesfordrinkingwater

Dataonmetalcontents(As,Ag,Sr,Sn,Sb,andMo) in sedimentsandshellsof Trachycardiumlacunosum in thenorthernpartofthePersianGulf

In thisdataarticle,byusinginductivelycoupledplasmaoptical spectrometry (ICP-OES)1, weaimedto(1)determinethecon- centration levelsofAs,Ag,Sr,Sn,Sb,andMointhesedimentsand the shellsof Trachycardiumlacunosum simultaneously intwo separatedareas(unpollutedandpollutedareas)(2)comparison between themetalcontentsofsedimentsintheunpollutedand polluted areasaswellasshells.Analysisofdatashowedthat sediment aswellasshellsamplesinpollutedareacontainedsig- nificantly higherconcentrationlevelsofallmeasuredmetals compared withunpollutedare

The financial cost of preventive and curative programs for breast cancer: a case study of women in Shiraz-Iran

Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the average costs of breast cancer screening and treatment among women with the age of 25 and over in Shiraz-Iran. Methods: Three majors hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) were selected for data collection. Financial documents and interviews with the hospitals’ financial officers were used for data collection. Results: Finding shows that the total cost of screening would be 5,847,544.96 US dollars for age groups of 25–34 and 35 and above, demonstrating the huge expense of screening programs. On the other hand, the average cost of breast cancer treatment for each patient would be 3608.47, 996.89, and 311.47 US dollars for mastectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, respectively. In addition, the total average cost for treatment of 2217 patients would be 1,466,988.9 US dollars, which is much less than screening programs expenses. Conclusion: It is concluded that although screening can be effective for improving quality of life and treatment effectiveness, considering the high costs of screening, it is not economical in Iran. Screening methods within suitable intervals, and also considering patients’ medical history have been recommended by the present study

Data onheavymetalsandselectedanions in thePersianpopularherbaldistillates

Inthisdataarticle,wedeterminedtheconcentrationlevelsof heavymetalsincludingPb,Co,Cd,Mn,Mg,FeandCuaswellas selectedanionsincludingNO� 3 , NO� 2 , PO�3 4 andSO�2 4 inthemost usedandpopularherbaldistillatesinIran.Itiswellknownthat heavymetalsmayposeaserioushealthhazardduetotheir bioaccumulationthroughoutthetrophicchain(“Heavymetals (Cd,Cu,NiandPb)contentintwo fish speciesofPersianGulfin BushehrPort,Iran” (Dobaradaranetal.,2013) [1]; “Comparative investigationofheavymetal,trace,andmacroelementcontents incommerciallyvaluable fishspeciesharvestedofffromthe PersianGulf” (Abadietal.,2015) [2]) aswellassomeother environmentalpollutions, “Assessmentofsedimentqualitybased on acid-volatilesulfide andsimultaneouslyextractedmetalsin Contents listsavailableat ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib Data inBrief http:/

Indicator bacteria community in seawater and coastal sediment: the Persian Gulf as a case.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The aim of present work was to assess the concentration levels as well as vertical distribution of indicator bacteria including total coliform, fecal coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) in the marine environment (seawater and coastal sediments) and evaluate the correlation between indicator bacteria and some physicochemical parameters of surface sediments as well as seawaters. METHODS: A total number of 48 seawater and sediment samples were taken from 8 stations (each site 6 times with an interval time of 2 weeks) between June and September 2014. Seawater and sediment samples were collected from 30 cm under the surface samples and different sediment depths (0, 4, 7, 10, 15, and 20 cm) respectively, along the Persian Gulf in Bushehr coastal areas. RESULTS: Based on the results, the average numbers of bacterial indicators including total coliform, fecal coliform, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as HPC in seawater samples were 1238.13, 150.87, 8.22 MPN/100 ml and 1742.91 CFU/ml, respectively, and in sediment samples at different depths (from 0-20 cm) varied between 25 × 103 to 51.67 × 103, 5.63 × 103 to 12.46 × 103, 17.33 to 65 MPN/100 ml, 36 × 103 to 147.5 × 103 CFU/ml, respectively. There were no statistically significant relationships between the indicator organism concentration levels with temperature as well as pH value of seawater. A reverse correlation was found between the level of indicator bacteria and salinity of seawater samples. Also results revealed that the sediment texture influenced abundance of indicators bacteria in sediments. As the concentration levels of indicators bacteria were higher in muddy sediments compare with sandy ones. CONCLUSION: Result conducted Bushehr coastal sediments constitute a reservoir of indicator bacteria, therefore, whole of the indicators determined were distinguished to be present in higher levels in sediments than in the overlying seawater. It was concluded that the concentration levels of microbial indicators decreased with depth in sediments. Except total coliform, the numbers of other bacteria including fecal coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HPC bacteria significantly declined in the depth between 10 and 15 cm

A survey on the effects of the Cochlodinium sp. bloom on the survival of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp

Red tide event a product of micro algae abundance has elevated in last few years. Loss of aquatic life due to HAB, and its effect on human health, has caused tremendous damage in the world. In this research the effect of (1, 2, 3, 9, and 30) ×10^3 Cells ml^-1 densities of Cochlodinium polykrikoides on survival and histopathological effect on hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PLs) and juvenile stages has been investigated. Results showed 100% survival with (1, 2, and 3) ×10^3 Cells ml-1 densities but accumulative mortality in 9×10^3 Cells ml^-1 density were 1.33% and 2.22%, in PLs and juvenile stages respectively, and there is no significant difference between control and treatment groups. accumulative mortality in 3×10^4 Cells ml^-1 density was 4.44% and 17.8% in PLs and juveniles respectively which have significant different with control groups. According to histopathological investigation in this density the infiltration of blood cells in connective tissue of hepatopancreatic tubules and gills lamellae of PLs and juvenile stages were low but high in 3×10^4 Cells ml^-1. The intensity of infiltration in juvenile stages was higher than PLs, which indicate incensement of hepatopancreatic and gills blood cells in higher densities of this phytoplankton. The end result of the study indicates that in high densities of C. polykrikoides survival rate in PLs and juveniles decreased and according to histopathological study the most important possible factor in shrimp mortality when exposure to C. polykrikoides was settlement of phytoplankton on gills lamellae and preventing oxygen exchange of shrimp

The Financial Cost of Preventive and Curative Programs for Breast Cancer: A Case Study of Women in Shiraz-Iran

Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the average costs of breast cancer screening and treatment among women with the age of 25 and over in Shiraz-Iran. Methods:Three majors hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) were selected for data collection. Financial documents and interviews with the hospitals’ financial officers were used for data collection. Results:Finding shows that the total cost of screening would be 5,847,544.96 US dollars for age groups of 25–34 and 35 and above, demonstrating the huge expense of screening programs. On the other hand, the average cost of breast cancer treatment for each patient would be 3608.47, 996.89, and 311.47 US dollars for mastectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, respectively. In addition, the total average cost for treatment of 2217 patients would be 1,466,988.9 US dollars, which is much less than screening programs expenses. Conclusion:It is concluded that although screening can be effective for improving quality of life and treatment effectiveness, considering the high costs of screening, it is not economical in Iran. Screening methods within suitable intervals, and also considering patients’ medical history have been recommended by the present study

Basic sciences curriculum in medical education

Introduction: Traditional methods are generally used for teaching basic science courses at Shiraz Medical School. Such courses are taught during the first and second years of a seven-year medical program. The goal of this study was to analyze teachers and students’ perceptions of basic science teaching in medical education. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the college of medicine of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: Regarding the students’ viewpoints, 71.4% reported that curriculum content in basic sciences was enough and had good relevance. 59.2% of students believed the objectives of basic sciences curriculum were clear. Conclusion: The burden of teaching basic sciences ranges from sustaining interest to clinical relevance. It is expected that medical schools will continuously monitor what works and what does not work with their curricula and make the necessary adaptations as required

Osteoporosis guideline awareness among Iranian nurses: results of a knowledge and attitudes surveyIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic and progressive disease associated with gradual bone loss and elevated risk of fracture. Role of health care profess

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic and progressive disease associated with gradual bone loss and elevated risk of fracture. Role of health care professional especially nurses in lowering burden of osteoporosis via patients and public education is critical. Current study conducted to evaluate knowledge and belief regarding osteoporosis among the nurses in orthopedic wards and their experience with national clinical osteoporosis guideline. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2016 among all nurses in orthopedic ward of hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The 23- item self-administered scale consisted of knowledge and belief questions was used. Moreover, data regarding participation in osteoporosis training courses and awareness of the national osteoporosis clinical guideline were collected. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS (V. 16), p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results: From total of 160 nurses, 143 of them completed the questionnaire (response rate: 89.3%). Six nurses (4.2%) had participated in osteoporosis training courses after graduation, and 39 (27.3%) had been aware of the national osteoporosis clinical guideline. The median total knowledge score was 11 out of the maximum of 18 points, and 35.0% of the participants scored above this value. In belief, most of nurses had positive attitude about necessity of osteoporosis screening and patient education.  However, only 29 (20.3%) of them confident in giving counselling to public and patients.    Conclusion: Our findings reveal that we need more empowered nurses to lowering burden of osteoporosis and its consequences in the future

Educational needs assessment of managers working in teaching and private hospitals

Introduction: Hospital managers, as one of the most important health care workers, are the subject of continuous education. In some countries around the world, health management education is an important part of health reforms. The aim of present research is to perform evidence-based studies based on assessing hospital managers’ needs. Therefore, it should be considered that educational need assessment regarding hospital managers is essential in today’s health care management. Methods: A total of 26 hospital managers were surveyed using a data gathering form (questionnaire) including 59 open questions designed in order to obtain data in 3 different areas. These included managers’ insight towards job duties and the capabilities required to fulfill their duty along with educational needs determined by managers. The next step involved presenting standard description of job duties to hospitals managers and asking them to document their educational needs regarding capabilities required to fulfill their duties. The standard description of job duties originated from ISO 9001 certified hospitals. For each manager, a score ranging from 0 to 19 was attained. For each correct matched statement, a positive point was considered and in the case of unmatched statements, managers received no points. Results: Out of 26 participating managers, only 20 did state the educational needs of hospitals managers. In describing job duties of hospital managers, the mean scores regarding hospital managers of public sector was 10.27 while it was 8 with private hospital managers. Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that hospital managers as the leaders of the most sophisticated health care facilities delivering expensive complicated services need proper training regarding job competency. Therefore, it seems that continuous need assessment in this area should be carried out