A REVIEW OF HATCHERY TECHNIQUES OF RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) AT UPT OF FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE FISHERIES (PBAT), PASURUAN

Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has its advantages compared to other cultivated fish. Namely, it can proliferate, is easy to breed, and is efficient for feeding. Besides, these fish can also tolerate changes in the aquatic environment. With these advantages, this fish is increasingly popular among cultivators. The need for tilapia fish seeds is increasing every year. The UPT of Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries (PBAT) of Pasuruan Regency is one of the superior seed supply units for fisheries in East Java. The superior commodity is tilapia fish seeds. The purpose of this research is to know hatchery techniques for Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at UPT PBAT Pasuruan Regency. The research was carried out directly through active participation in all Red Tilapia hatchery activities. The results are: Red tilapia hatchery at UPT PBAT Pasuruan Regency, uses natural spawning techniques with a male to female ratio of 1: 3. The spawning period is 21 days until harvest with two types of broodstocks, namely mature sires (2500-2700gr) and novice sires (300-500gr); The hatchery technique stages are media preparation, parent selection, spawning, larva harvesting, larva treatment, nursery, and seed harvesting; Water quality is still within the quality standard set by PP. 82 of 2001 with details of the average temperature of 29C, DO 7.7 mg / L, pH 8.325, and water depth of 50 cm

Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pendapatan Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Dengan Penggunaan Obat Keras Tanpa Resep Di Masyarakat Desa Gonilan Kecamatan Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Sekitar 58,78% penduduk Indonesia melakukan pengobatan sendiri (Swamedikasi). Dari yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri tersebut sebanyak 83,88% menggunakan obat, sisanya mengunakan obat tradisional. Tingginya angka swamedikasi pada penduduk Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendapatan dan pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendapatan dan pendidikan dengan penggunaan obat keras tanpa resep di masyarakat Desa Gonilan Kecamatan Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non-eksperimental dengan rancangan Cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah responden yang mengkonsumsi obat keras tanpa resep berjumlah 100 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada kasus ini dengan Purposive Sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data penelitian ini adalah Uji Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara penggunaan obat keras tanpa resep dalam 3 bulan terakhir terhadap tingkat pendapatan (p=0,233) dan pendidikan (p =0,494)

Pengaruh Penambahan Dynamic Stretching Pada Lower Extremity Muscles Sebelum Sprint Training Terhadap Kecepatan Lari Sprint 100 Meter Pada Siswa Sekolah Sepak Bola Di Kota Salatiga

Latar Belakang: Lari adalah frekuensi langkah yang dipercepat sehingga pada waktu berlari ada kecenderungan badan melayang. Lari jarak pendek (sprint) adalah lari yang menempuh jarak 60 meter sampai 400 meter. Sprint training adalah suatu latihan yang dilakukan dalam waktu singkat, dikerjakan berulangulang dengan intensitas yang relatif tinggi. Dynamic stretching adalah penguluran dengan kuat dan cepat yang dilakukan dalam kecepatan dan intensitas penguluran yang tinggi dengan karakteristik gerakan yang memantul sehingga berpengaruh pada ROM sendi. Kecepatan dalam lari jarak pendek (sprint) adalah hasil kontraksi yang kuat dan cepat dari otot-otot yang dirubah menjadi gerakan halus dan efisien dan sangat dibutuhkan bagi pelari untuk mendapatkan kecepatan yang tinggi. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pengaruh dan beda pengaruh antara sprint training dengan penambahan dynamic stretching pada lower extremity muscles sebelum sprint training terhadap kecepatan lari jarak pendek (sprint) 100 meter pada siswa sekolah sepak bola di Kota Salatiga. Metodelogi Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment dengan pre and post test two group design. Sampel berjumlah 20 orang dengan pemberian perlakuan sebanyak 2 kali dalam seminggu selama 4 minggu. Kecepatan lari jarak pendek diukur dengan menggunakan stopwatch dengan satuan detik. Hasil: Hasil uji pengaruh sprint training menunjukkan nilai p-value sebesar 0,005 < 0,05. Hasil uji pengaruh dynamic stretching dan sprint training menunjukkan nilai p-value sebesar 0,005 < 0,05. Hasil uji beda pengaruh menunjukkan nilai pvalue sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh sprint training terhadap kecepatan lari jarak pendek (sprint) 100 meter. Ada pengaruh penambahan dynamic stretching pada lower extremity muscles sebelum sprint training terhadap kecepatan lari jarak pendek (sprint) 100 meter. Ada beda pengaruh antara pemberian dynamic stretching pada lower extremity muscles sebelum sprint training dengan hanya pemberian sprint training terhadap kecepatan lari jarak pendek (sprint) 100 meter

Real-world operation of multiple sclerosis centres in Central-Eastern European countries covering 107 million inhabitants

In 2018 multiple sclerosis (MS) care unit (MSCU) recommendations were defined. Nevertheless, the information on MS care, and whether MS centres fulfil the international recommendation is limited. Thus our objectives were to assess whether centres meet the MSCU recommendations and gain a comprehensive overview of MS care in Central-Eastern European countries.A self-report questionnaire assessing aspects of the MSCU recommendations, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) and registry use and the patient number was assembled and sent to nine Central-Eastern European countries. Furthermore, one Danish and one German centre were contacted as a reference.In 9/9 countries, MS care was pursued in centres by MS neurologists and MS nurses. In Austria and the Czech Republic, management of MS was conducted under strict regulations displaying a referral centre system, fundamentally similar to but independent of the MSCU criteria. Several centres fulfilled all aspects of the MSCU criteria, while others had similar insufficiencies consisting of a speech therapist, continence, pain and spasticity specialist, neuro-ophthalmologist, and oto-neurologist. In 9/9 countries, DMTs were reimbursed. However, some centres did not provide every available DMT. A national registry was available in 4/9 countries with mandatory registry use only in Austria and the Czech Republic.In countries where MSCU recommendations are not fulfilled, a strictly regulated centre system similar to the Austrian and Czech model with a registry-based quality control might ensure appropriate care for people with MS

Cladribine tablets in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis : A real-world multicentric study from southeast European MS centers

Cladribine is an oral disease-modifying drug authorized by the European Medicine Agency for the treatment of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).To provide real-world evidence of cladribine's effectiveness and safety in people with MS (pwMS).A retrospective observational multi-center, multi-national study of pwMS who were started on cladribine tablets in ten centers from five European countries.We identified 320 pwMS treated with cladribine tablets. The most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension and depression. Three patients had resolved hepatitis B infection, while eight had positive Quantiferon test prior to cladribine commencement. There were six pwMS who had malignant diseases, but all were non-active. During year 1, 91.6% pwMS did not have EDSS worsening, 86.9% were relapse-free and 72.9% did not have MRI activity. During the second year, 90.2% did not experience EDSS worsening, 86.5% were relapse-free and 75.5% did not have MRI activity. NEDA-3 was present in 58.0% pwMS in year 1 and in 54.2% in year 2. In a multivariable logistic regression model age positively predicted NEDA-3 in year 1. The most common adverse events were infections and skin-related adverse events. Lymphopenia was noted in 54.7% of pwMS at month 2 and in 35.0% at month 6. Two pwMS had a newly discovered malignant disease, one breast cancer, and one melanoma, during the first year of treatment.Our real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of cladribine tablets are comparable to the pivotal study and other real-world data with no new safety signals

Serum levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein in acute ischemic stroke patients, and their relationship to stroke lateralization, type, and infarct volume

There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays an important role in the progression of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The primary aims of this study were to examine the serum levels of 13 cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, and hemoglobin in AIS patients, and their relationship to stroke lateralization, type, and infarct volume. Forty-five patients with AIS were evaluated. Blood samples were taken within 72 h, and volumetric analyses performed within 1–7 days after AIS onset. Cytokines were measured in serum from all patients and from 40 control subjects using Luminex Bio-Plex XMap technology. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ra (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p < 0.001), IL-9 (p = 0.038), IL-10 (p = 0.001), IL-12 (p = 0.001), IL-18 (p < 0.001), and GRO-α (CXCL1) (p = 0.017) were significantly higher in the AIS patients than in the controls. The IL-8 level was significantly correlated with age in the patient group (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). None of the variables were found to be associated with stroke lateralization. Infarct volume was significantly positively correlated with CRP level (r = 0.47, p = 0.005). Patients with radiologically confirmed infarctions had significantly elevated serum levels of GRO-α (p = 0.023). The cytokine profile of the AIS patients supports not only earlier findings of a proinflammatory response but also early activation of endogenous immunosuppressive mechanisms. Novel findings of this study are elevated serum levels of IL-9 and GRO-α. Elevated GRO-α in AIS patients with radiologically confirmed infarctions suggests that GRO-α is specific for stroke of known etiology. Our results indicate that CRP plays an important role in the progression of cerebral tissue injury