OSOBNA POTROŠNJA U STRUKTURI NACIONALNOG DOHOTKA U SFRJ OD 1952-1986. GODINE

U ovom radu izvedena je analiza društvenog proizvoda; nacionalnog dohotka i osobne potrošnje, s posebnim osvrtom na učešće nacionalnog dohotka u društvenom proizvodu, osobne potrošnje u društvenom proizvodu i osobne potrošnje u nacionalnom dohotku. Došlo se do slijedećih rezultata. Društveni proizvod u prvim godinama poslijeratnog razdoblja imao je visoku prosječnu godišnju stopu rasta (8,56% za razdoblje 1952-1961. godine). Stopa rasta neprestano pada, tako za razdoblje 1980-1986. godine iznosi svega 1,14%. Poslije ovih spoznaja jasno je da se to isto događa i nacionalnom dohotku i osobnoj potrošnji. Tako je nacionalni dohodak u razdoblju 1980-1986. godine zabilježio stopu rasta svega 1,04%, a osobna potrošnja 0,17%

Produkcija trgovinskog bilja Varaždinske županije s kraja 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća

Prema statistici Kraljevskog zemaljskog statističko ureda u Zagrebu u trgovinsko bilje ubraja se: repice (ozima i jara) lan (ozimi i jari), konoplja, duhan, hmelj, mak, cikorija, i ostalo trgovinsko bilje. Iz ovog bilja dobivene su ulja, vlakna i napitci. Istraživanja za potrebe ovog rada u pogledu trgovinskog bilja izvedena su za potrebe projekta "Gospodarstvo Varaždinske županije na prijelazu 19. u 20. stoljeće" koji financira Ministarstvo znanosti Republike Hrvatske

Outcome of human papillomavirus infection among men in the Finnish Family HPV Study

Ihmisen papilloomaviruksen taudinkuva suomalaisperheiden seurantatutkimuksen mieskohortissa Tieto ihmisen papilloomaviruksen (HPV) yhteydestä eri anatomisten alueiden sairauksien syntyyn on lisännyt mielenkiintoa miehen papilloomavirustulehduksen taudinkulun selvittämiseksi. Tämä väitöskirjatyö on osa suomalaista seurantatutkimusta, jossa tutkitaan HPVinfektioiden tartuntareittejä 329 perheessä. Väitöstyössä keskitytään tutkimukseen osallistuneiden 131 miehen aineistoon. Suun limakalvonäytteet otettiin seitsemässä aikapisteessä. Lisäksi otettiin sukuelinalueen näytteet kahdella seurantakäynnillä. Riskitekijöitä kartoittava kyselytutkimus teetettiin tutkimuksen alkutilanteessa sekä viimeisellä seurantakäynnillä. Oireettomat HPV infektiot olivat alkutilanteessa yleisiä molemmilla sukupuolilla (miesten suu 18,3 % ja sukuelinalue 35,9 %, naisten suu 17,2 % ja kohdunsuu 18,8 %), mutta HPV:n genotyyppien vastaavuus partnerien välillä oli vähäinen. Naisen, mutta ei miehen, seksuaalinen riskikäyttäytyminen oli yhteydessä pariskunnan HPV tyyppien vastaavuuteen. Partnerin ja siviilisäädyn vaihtaminen lisäsivät miehen riskiä saada uusia HPV infektioita. Miehen suun limakalvonäytteistä löytyi kaikkiaan 17 eri HPV tyyppiä. Suun HPV-tulehduksen esiintyvyys vaihteli eri aikapisteissä 15 %:sta 31 %:iin. Uusien HPV tulehdusten ilmaantumisaika vaihteli 3,9 ja 25,7 kuukauden välillä. Suun HPV infektio parani valtaosalla miehistä. Suun krooninen HPV-infektio todettiin 14 %:lla miehistä. Näiden infektioiden keskimääräinen kesto vaihteli 6.0:sta 30.7:ään kuukauteen. Tupakointi lisäsi korkean riskin HPV tyyppien aiheuttamien suun kroonisten infektioiden riskiä, kun taas aikaisemmin sairastetut sukuelinten kondyloomat suojasivat siltä. Tuloksemme osoittavat, että miehen oireeton HPV tulehdus on yleinen suussa ja sukuelinten alueella. Vakaa parisuhde suojaa uusilta HPV tulehduksilta. Tupakoinnilla on keskeinen merkitys suun HPV-infektion kroonistumisessa.Emerging evidence on the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections for the pathogenesis of a number of diseases has increased the interest in male HPV infection. This thesis is part of the Finnish Family HPV Study on the dynamics of HPV infection in 329 families. The present study focuses on the male cohort (n=131). Oral scrapings were taken at seven and genital scrapings at two follow-up visits. HPVgenotyping was performed by nested PCR and a Luminex®-based Multimetrix Assay. Demographic data were collected with structured questionnaires at two follow-uppoints. At baseline, asymptomatic HPV infections were common in both spouses (men oral 18.3%; genital 35.9%; women oral 17.2%, cervical 18.8%) but HPV genotypespecific concordance among the spouses was low. Risky sexual behavior of women but not of men was associated with HPV concordance. Changing the partner and marital status increased the risk of incident genital HPV infections in men. Seventeen HPV-genotypes were detected in the oral mucosa of the males; the point-prevalence varied from 15% to 31%. The incidence-time of oral HPV infection fluctuated between 3.9 and 25.7 months. Most of the HPV-positive men cleared their oral HPV infection and genotype-specific oral HPV persistence was detected in only 14% of the men. The time of HPV persistence ranged from 6.0 to 30.7 months. Smoking increased the risk while a history of genital warts protected against oral high risk (HR)-HPV persistence. These results suggest that asymptomatic HPV infections in men are common. A stable marital relationship protects against incident genital HPV infections. Smoking increases the risk of oralSiirretty Doriast

Spectral riometry technique for ionisation estimation of the D-region ionosphere

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OS] 宙空圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所 2階 大会議

Učenička percepcija uključenosti očeva u njihov odgoj: primjer zadarskih srednjoškolaca

For the last 20 years or so, fathers and mothers have been considered as equal participants in upbringing. The topic of this paper is to investigate the experiences of secondary school students in Zadar about their father’s involvement in education. 470 students from the second grades of secondary schools in Zadar County participated in the research. The questionnaire consisted of 26 closed questions and one open-ended question. The results indicate that fathers are the most engaged in the issue of child control in the sense of giving warnings, while they are rarely involved in activities related to help in mastering school material, listening and understanding the child’s needs. More than half of the fathers never or very rarely attended parent-teacher meetings, while 71% of them never or very rarely went to individual meetings with the child’s class teacher. All of this points to the need for the additional sensitization of society regarding the involvement of the father in the upbringing of the child and support for fathers in performing their parental role.Posljednjih 20-ak godina o očevima i majkama govori se kao o ravnopravnim sudionicima u odgoju. Tema ovog rada je istražiti kakva su iskustva zadarskih srednjoškolaca o uključenosti njihova oca u odgoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 470 učenika drugih razreda srednjih škola Zadarske županije. Anketni upitnik se sastojao od 26 pitanja zatvorenog i jednog pitanja otvorenog tipa. Rezultati ukazuju na to da su očevi najangažiraniji po pitanju kontrole djeteta u smislu davanja upozorenja, dok se rijetko uključuju u aktivnosti vezane za pomoć u savladavanju školskog gradiva, slušanje i razumijevanje djetetovih potreba. Više od polovice očeva nikad ili vrlo rijetko posjećuje roditeljske sastanke, dok 71 % njih nikad ne odlazi ili vrlo rijetko odlazi na individualne razgovore s razrednikom. Sve ovo ukazuje na potrebu za dodatnom senzibilizacijom društva po pitanju uključenost oca u odgoj djeteta te podrškom očevima u obavljanju roditeljske uloge

A Model Of Agitated Behavioral Symptoms In Persons With Alzheimer Disease

Background: Worldwide population trends are shifting with the population of Elders expected to dramatically increase in absolute and relative numbers in coming years. Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a common and costly disease of aging with agitation being the most poorly managed and detrimental behavioral symptom of the condition. The Nursing Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms provides a conceptual basis for understanding agitated behavioral symptoms associated with AD in the context of its antecedent causes and outcomes of the symptoms. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation was to model the predictors and outcomes of agitated behavioral symptoms in persons with AD. The specific aims were: (1) Describe the phenomenon of agitated behavioral symptoms in persons with AD within the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms; (2) Determine the effect of situational, psychological, and physiological factors on agitation in persons with AD; (3) Determine the effect of situational, psychological, and physical antecedent factors and agitation on performance outcomes. Methods: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, secondary analysis research design will be employed. The original data were collected in communities and in Nursing Homes settings in the Midwestern US. A convenience sampling of facilities yielded 120 participants. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified three antecedent factors to agitated behavioral symptoms: Situation-Caregiver, Psychological, and Physical-Cognitive. The path analysis model closely represented all variables and relationships predicted in the TOUS (χ2 = 1.049, df = 2, p = .592). Significant relationships between situation and agitation (B = 0.51, p \u3c .001), psychological symptoms and agitation (B = 0.446, p \u3c .001), and physical health on agitated behavioral symptoms (B = 0.58, p = .001) were found, and explained 63% of the variance in agitation. The model found no support for the effects of any measured factors on performance outcomes, except the effects of the Physical: Cognitive factor (B = 0.86, p \u3c .001) which explained 66% of the variance in functional performance. Implications: The TOUS provides a good model to identify causes of agitated behaviors in AD. This study emphasizes the need for greater support of caregivers of persons with AD because caregiver burden is an important modifiable antecedent to agitated behavioral symptoms. Future research should investigate interventions to reduce professional and informal caregiver burnout and study the effects of reduced caregiver burnout on improvements in agitated behavioral symptoms in persons with AD. Future research should also evaluate quality of life outcomes to better determine if the relationships between symptoms and performance outcomes predicted in the TOUS remain valid in persons with AD

Relaxin som verktyg för dräktighetsdiagnostik hos alpackor : utvärdering av snabbtestet FASTest Relaxin

The alpaca is a South American camelid that originates from the Andes. Their popularity and numbers in Sweden and other western countries have increased over the last few decades and they are kept as pets and for their fleece (fiber). Their reproduction differs from other ruminants in that they are induced ovulators, have a long gestational period, very rarely have twins and are older when they are first mated. Pregnancy losses are also common in alpacas, especially early pregnancy losses, with 10-50% of the losses occurring during the first two months of pregnancy. Therefore, alpacas have a poor breeding performance which makes advances in breeding slow. It is estimated that only half of the alpacas produce offspring each year. Because of this, an easily accessible, accurate and userfriendly tool for pregnancy diagnostics is crucial to be able to mate the female again during the season, thereby increasing the number of offspring produced by each alpaca and enabling the producer to reach breeding goals more effectively. The most commonly used methods for diagnosing pregnancies are observing the females’ behaviour towards males, ultrasonography and progesterone concentrations in plasma. Ultrasonography is considered as an accurate method, but as many veterinarians either lack the knowledge or equipment to perform it, it is still not a readily available tool for alpaca breeders. Measuring progesterone concentration or observing the females’ behaviour towards males are not entirely reliable since they are not specific for pregnancy. Relaxin, on the other hand, is a pregnancy-specific hormone produced in the utero-fetal-placental unit. Relaxin concentration in blood is used in pregnancy diagnostics for several species, including dogs and cats. Two scientific papers described the relaxin concentration in pregnant and non-pregnant alpaca females and showed a significant difference between them. In this study, the point-of-care test FASTest Relaxin, developed for dogs and cats, was evaluated as a tool in pregnancy diagnosis in alpacas. In total, 18 female alpacas were included in this study, which was conducted in the United Kingdom; 12 were 61-90 days pregnant and 6 were non-pregnant. The pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasonography on the same day as the blood samples were collected. The blood was centrifuged and the plasma was used in the FASTest Relaxin test, according to the test instructions, within 4 hours. Later, plasma was sent for quantitative analysis in a laboratory. All the results from FASTest Relaxin were negative even though the results from quantitative analysis showed levels of relaxin similar to those of dogs and cats. The conclusion is, therefore, that FASTest Relaxin does not work as a tool for diagnosing pregnancy in alpacas. In contrast, the quantitative analysis showed a clear difference in relaxin concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant females

Late Mortality and Cardiovascular Morbidity After Cancer at a Young Age in Finland

Advances in cancer therapies have led to an improved survival after childhood cancer, but also to numerous late adverse sequelae. We aimed to analyze late cardiovascular effects, the leading non-malignant complications, and mortality after cancer at a young age. Via linkage to the hospital discharge registry, we compared cardiovascular complications among 5-year survivors (13,860) younger than 35 years at cancer diagnosis to those of a healthy sibling cohort. Furthermore, the causes of death and purchases of cardiovascular medications and drugs associated with metabolic syndrome were evaluated after early onset cancer and compared to siblings and the general population by accessing the causes-of-death and the drug purchase registers. Both childhood and young adult cancer survivors were more prone to suffer from all studied cardiovascular conditions than their siblings with the highest hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiomyopathy/ cardiac insufficiency. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were elevated after early onset cancer with respect to overall causes of death, cardiovascular causes, and other causes. Additionally, early onset cancer patients were more likely to purchase drugs for cardiovascular disorders and conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome than siblings. All studied cardiovascular outcomes were highly dependent on the cancer diagnosis and the age at cancer diagnosis. These studies emphasize the need for setting up long-term cardiovascular follow-up guidelines for early onset cancer survivors, especially in young adult cancer survivors who are still at lack of those. The prevention and early detection of cardiovascular late effects is the ultimate goal for their lifelong medical surveillance to ensure them a best possible quality of life.Myöhempi kuolleisuus ja sydän- ja verenkiertoelimistön sairaudet nuoruusiän syövän jälkeen Suomessa Kehittyneiden hoitojen myötä suurin osa lapsuudessa ja nuoruusiässä syöpään sairastuneista selviää taudistaan, mutta heille voi ilmaantua muita terveysongelmia syöpähoitojen myöhäisvaikutuksina. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää sydän- ja verenkiertoelimistön sairauksien ilmaantumista ja kuolleisuutta nuoruusiässä syövän sairastaneilla. Hoitoilmoitusrekisterin (HILMO) avulla analysoitiin alle 35-vuotiaana syöpädiagnoosin saaneiden ja syövästä 5 vuotta selviytyneiden (N=13,860) henkilöiden sydän- ja verenkiertoelimistön sairauksia verrattuna sisaruksiin. Lisäksi verrattiin syöpää sairastaneiden kuolinsyitä sekä heidän kardiovaskulaarilääkkeiden ja metabolisen oireyhtymän lääkkeiden ostomääriä sisarusten ja väestön ostomääriin. Nämä tiedot poimittiin kuolinsyyrekisteristä ja KELAn lääkeostorekisteristä. Lapsuudessa tai nuoruusiässä syöpää sairastaneilla todettiin sisaruksia korkeampi vaara sairastua sydämen ja verenkiertoelimistön sairauksiin. Korkein vaarasuhde koski kardiomyopatiaa/ sydämen vajaatoimintaa. Yli viisi vuotta syövän jälkeen selviytyneiden todettiin menehtyvän ikätovereitaan todennäköisemmin ennenaikaisesti. Syövän lisäksi kuolinsyynä oli verrokkeja useammin sydän- ja verisuonisairaudet. Lisäksi lapsuudessa ja nuoruudessa syövän sairastaneilla todettiin suuremmat vaarasuhteet kardiovaskulaarilääkkeiden ja metabolisen oireyhtymän lääkkeiden ostoihin verrattuna sisaruksiin. Vaarasuhteet tutkimuksen kohteena oleviin sairauksiin olivat selkeästi riippuvaisia syövän diagnoosityypistä ja sairastumisiästä. Tulokset vahvistavat kansainvälistä käsitystä siitä, että nuorena syövän sairastaneet tarvitsevat systemaattisempaa, yksilöllistä ja monesti elinikäistä myöhäisvaikutusseurantaa. Erityisesti nuorena aikuisena syövän sairastaneille ei ole luotu tarkkoja suosituksia siitä, miten myöhäisvaikutusseuranta on syytä toteuttaa. Optimaalisella pitkäaikaisneuvonnalla sydän- ja verenkiertoelinten sairaudet voitaisiin havaita mahdollisimman varhain ja osa sairastavuudesta pystyttäisiin jopa estämään.Siirretty Doriast

Essays on Asset Pricing, Banking and the Macroeconomy.

no abstract available